Matthiola

{{short description|Genus of flowering plants in the cabbage family Brassicaceae}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Edwards's botanical register (Plate 25) (7949439164).jpg

|image_caption = Matthiola sp. (artist: Sarah Ann Drake)

|taxon = Matthiola

|authority = W.T.Aiton

|subdivision_ranks = Species

|subdivision = See text

|synonyms_ref={{cite web |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331760-2 |title=Matthiola W.T.Aiton |author= |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=17 May 2021 }}

|synonyms=

• Acinotum Rchb.
• Gakenia Heist. ex Fabr.
• Mathiolaria Chevall.
• Mattiola Sanguin.
• Promicrantha Dvorák
• Triceras Andrz. ex Rchb.

}}

Matthiola ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|æ|θ|i|ˈ|oʊ|l|ə}}) is a genus of flowering plant in the mustard family Brassicaceae.Sunset Western Garden Book. 1995. 606–07. It is named after Italian naturalist Pietro Andrea Mattioli (1501–1577). The genus contains about 50 species of annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants and subshrubs.Jaén-Molina, R., et al. (2009) [http://www.bioclimac.com/mbdna/images/stories/caratulas-publication/04.pdf The molecular phylogeny of Matthiola R. Br.(Brassicaceae) inferred from ITS sequences, with special emphasis on the Macaronesian endemics.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228052611/http://www.bioclimac.com/mbdna/images/stories/caratulas-publication/04.pdf |date=2014-02-28 }} Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53(3) 972–81.[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=119870 Matthiola.] Flora of China.Sanchez, J. L., et al. (2005). [http://www.bioclimac.com/mbdna/images/stories/descargas-generales/sicilian%20matthiola.pdf Genetic differentiation of three species of Matthiola (Brassicaceae) in the Sicilian insular system.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228055252/http://www.bioclimac.com/mbdna/images/stories/descargas-generales/sicilian%20matthiola.pdf |date=2014-02-28 }} Plant Systematics and Evolution 253(1–4) 81–93. Many are cultivated for their heavily scented, colorful flowers.

The common name stock may be applied to the whole genus, more specifically to varieties and cultivars of Matthiola incana. The common names evening stock and night-scented stock are applied to varieties of Matthiola longipetala (syn. M. bicornis).{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1405332965|pages=1136}} The common name Virginia stock refers to a separate genus of the same family (Malcolmia maritima).