Matucana

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Matucana_paucicostata_02.jpg

|image_caption = Matucana paucicostata

|display_parents = 2

|taxon = Matucana

|authority = Britton & Rose

|subdivision_ranks = Species

|subdivision = See text

|type_species = Matucana haynii

|synonyms=

Anhaloniopsis {{Au|(Buxb.) Mottram 2014}}
Eomatucana {{Au|F.Ritter 1965}}
Submatucana {{Au|Backeb. 1959}}

|synonyms_ref =

}}

Matucana is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae), containing approximately 20 species of mostly globular plants.{{Cite web|title = BioLib - Matucana|url = https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id298308/|website = Biolib|access-date = 20 June 2015|first = |last = }} The genus is known only from Peru,{{Cite web|url = http://seedscactus.com/en/content/44-focus-on-genus-matucana|title = Matucana|date = 15 January 2013|access-date = 20 June 2015|website = Seeds Cactus|publisher = |last = Divulgazione|first = Divisione}} mostly along the Marañón River.

Some species are endangered due to collection for the specialist market.

Description

Plants within this genus may be identified by the distinctive structure of their fruits, which are marked by vertical splits that release their seeds upon maturity. The overall body shape, spination, offset production, and preferred habitat exhibit considerable variability, mirroring the diverse nature of the flowers within the genus. Species of Matucana have low, globose or shortly cylindrical bodies, either solitary or clustering. The flowers are subapical, usually more or less zygomorphic, diurnal, of various colours, but usually red, yellow or pink.{{Cite book|title = The Complete Illustrated Guide to Growing Cacti & Succulents|last = Anderson|first = Miles|publisher = Lorenz Books|year = 2008|isbn = 9780754818427|location = London|pages = 92–93}} However, a few species, notably M. oreodoxa, have actinomorphic flowers and were placed in a separate genus - Eomatucana - by F. Ritter. They are reported to flower at a young age.{{Cite web|url = http://www.bcss.org.uk/pom092014.php|title = Plant of the Month: Matucana madisoniorum|date = August 2014|access-date = 20 June 2015|website = The British Cactus & Succulent Society|publisher = |last = |first = |archive-date = 21 June 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150621091936/http://www.bcss.org.uk/pom092014.php|url-status = dead}}{{cite journal | last=Charles | first=Graham | title=Matucana rebutiiflora, a new cactus species from Ancash, Peru | journal=Bradleya | volume=31 | issue=31 | date=2013-08-31 | issn=0265-086X | doi=10.25223/brad.n31.2013.a2 | pages=2–4}}

Taxonomy

The first species was discovered near the town of Matucana and described as Echinocactus haynii by Christoph Friedrich Otto in 1849. The genus Matucana was erected by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose in 1922 to differentiate it from the diverse Echinocactus genus.

Species

{{As of|2023|October}}, the following species were accepted:{{Cite POWO|title=Matucana Britton & Rose|id=5414-1|access-date=2023-10-14|mode=cs1}}{{cite journal | last=Korotkova | first=Nadja | last2=Aquino | first2=David | last3=Arias | first3=Salvador | last4=Eggli | first4=Urs | last5=Franck | first5=Alan | last6=Gómez-Hinostrosa | first6=Carlos | last7=Guerrero | first7=Pablo C. | last8=Hernández | first8=Héctor M. | last9=Kohlbecker | first9=Andreas | last10=Köhler | first10=Matias | last11=Luther | first11=Katja | last12=Majure | first12=Lucas C. | last13=Müller | first13=Andreas | last14=Metzing | first14=Detlev | last15=Nyffeler | first15=Reto | last16=Sánchez | first16=Daniel | last17=Schlumpberger | first17=Boris | last18=Berendsohn | first18=Walter G. | title=Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org – a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family | journal=Willdenowia | publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin | volume=51 | issue=2 | date=2021-08-31 | issn=0511-9618 | doi=10.3372/wi.51.51208 | page=| doi-access=free | url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/206623/1/Korotkova-et-al_2021_Cactaceae_data_paper.pdf }}

Image	Scientific name	Distribution
class="wikitable"
120px	Matucana aurantiaca {{small\|(Vaupel) Buxb.}}	Peru.
120px	Matucana aureiflora {{small\|F.Ritter}}	Peru.
	Matucana charlesiorum {{small\|Hoxey}}	Peru
	Matucana chrysacantha {{small\|Hoxey & G.J.Charles}}	Peru
120px	Matucana formosa {{small\|F.Ritter}}	Peru.
	Matucana gigantea {{small\| G.J.Charles}}	Peru
120px	Matucana haynii {{small\|(Otto ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose}}	Peru.
	Matucana hoxeyi {{small\|(G.J.Charles) G.J.Charles}}	Peru.
120px	Matucana huagalensis {{small\|(Donald & A.B.Lau) Bregmann, Meerst., Melis & Pullen}}	Peru.
120px	Matucana intertexta {{small\|F.Ritter}}	Peru.
	Matucana klopfensteinii {{small\|Cieza & Pino}}	Peru (Cajamarca).
120px	Matucana krahnii {{small\|(Donald) Bregmann}}	Peru.
120px	Matucana madisoniorum {{small\|(Hutchison) G.D.Rowley}}	Peru.
120px	Matucana oreodoxa {{small\|(F.Ritter) Slaba}}	Peru.
120px	Matucana paucicostata {{small\|F.Ritter}}	Peru.
	Matucana pughii {{small\|G.J.Charles}}	Peru.
	Matucana pujupatii {{small\|(Donald & A.B.Lau) Bregmann}}	Peru.
	Matucana rebutiiflora {{small\|G.J.Charles}}	Peru.
120px	Matucana ritteri {{small\|Buining}}	Peru.
	Matucana roseiflora {{small\| (G.J.Charles) G.J.Charles & Hoxey}}	Peru.
120px	Matucana tuberculata {{small\|(Donald) Bregman, Meerst., Melis & A.B.Pullen}}	Peru.
120px	Matucana weberbaueri {{small\|(Vaupel) Backeb.}}	Peru.

Cultivation

All members of the genus cannot tolerate too much moisture so that it is recommended that they be watered only during their growing season and when the substrate is dry. They risk losing their roots if they are not kept warm through the winter. Members of Matucana grow quickly and may be grown from seed.

References

Bregman, Rob: The Genus Matucana. Biology and systematics of fascinating Peruvian cacti. A.A.Balkema 1996.
Ritter, Friedrich: Kakteen in Südamerika, Band 4, s. 1486–87. Friedrich Ritter Selbstverlag 1981.

Category:Cacti of South America

Category:Endemic flora of Peru

Category:Cereeae genera