Maurice E. Shearer

{{Infobox military person

|name= Maurice Edwin Shearer

|birth_date= {{Birth date|1879|12|19}}

|death_date= {{Death date and age|1953|6|26|1879|12|19}}

|birth_place= Marion County, Indiana

|death_place=

|placeofburial= Arlington National Cemetery

|placeofburial_label=

|image= Maurice E. Shearer.jpg

|nickname=

|allegiance={{flag|United States of America}}

|branch=25px United States Marine Corps

|serviceyears= 1901–1944

|rank=22px Brigadier general

|servicenumber=0-884

|commands=1st Battalion, 6th Marine Regiment

3rd Battalion, 5th Marine Regiment
{{cite book |title=Pershing's right hand: General James G. Harbord and the American Expeditionary Forces in the First World War |first=Brian Fisher |last=Neumann |publisher=Texas A&M University |year=2006

|isbn=9780542841132 |page=287}}

2nd Marine Division{{cite book |last1=Crawford |first1=Danny J |last2=Aquilina |first2=Robert V |last3=Ferrante First3=Ann A. |last4=Kaljot |first4=Lena M |last5=Gramblin |first5=Shelia P |title=The 2d Marine Division and Its Regiments |year=2001 |page=24 |publisher=History and Museums Division, Headquarters, United States Marine Corps |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-16-050817-7 |url=http://www.mcu.usmc.mil/historydivision/Pages/Publications/Publication%20PDFs/THE%202D%20MARINE%20DIVISION%20AND%20ITS%20REGIMENTS%20%20PCN%2019000319300.pdf |accessdate=29 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106034249/http://www.mcu.usmc.mil/historydivision/Pages/Publications/Publication%20PDFs/THE%202D%20MARINE%20DIVISION%20AND%20ITS%20REGIMENTS%20%20PCN%2019000319300.pdf |archive-date=6 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}

|unit= 5th Marine Regiment

|battles= Spanish–American War
World War I

Battle of Belleau Wood

Haitian Campaign
Nicaraguan Campaign
World War II

|awards= Distinguished Service Cross{{cite web |title=Hall of Valor. Maurice E. Shearer |url=http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=8941 |accessdate=10 March 2012}}
Navy Cross
Silver Star
French Legion of Honour

|laterwork=

}}

Maurice Edwin Shearer (December 19, 1879 – June 26, 1953) was a highly decorated Brigadier General in the United States Marine Corps. In 1918, Major Shearer of the 5th Marine Regiment, led Marines in the World War I Battle of Belleau Wood in France, where he was awarded the Navy Cross, Distinguished Service Cross, Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Silver Star, French Legion of Honor (Chevalier) and Croix de Guerre.{{cite book|last1=Clark|first1=George B.|title=Decorated Marines of the Fourth Brigade in World War I|date=2007|publisher=McFarland|location=North Carolina|isbn=9781476607184|page=95|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eC9zBgAAQBAJ|accessdate=30 March 2016}}

Early life and education

Shearer was born on December 19, 1879, to Mary Jane McClelland and Samuel Henry Shearer. He attended Shortridge High School in Indianapolis, Indiana, but dropped out before graduation to join the 27th Indiana Battery Light Infantry, in which he served during the Spanish–American War.{{cite web|last1=Robison II|first1=Kenneth H.|title=A Roster of the 27th Battery, Indiana Volunteer Artillery|url=http://www.spanamwar.com/27thIndianaaroster.html|website=The Spanish American War Centennial Website|accessdate=30 March 2016}} After leaving the battery, he moved to Ohio and served as a manager for a contracting company.{{cite news|title=Boy Will Rule Island|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015080/1906-07-11/ed-1/seq-2/|accessdate=30 March 2016|work=Barbour County Index|date=July 11, 1906|location=Medicine Lodge, Kansas|page=2}}

Marine Corps career

In 1901, Shearer enlisted in the United States Marine Corps and rose to the rank of sergeant.{{cite journal|title=Candidates for Marine Corps|journal=Army and Navy Register|date=October 15, 1904|volume=36|page=6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hk4-AQAAMAAJ|accessdate=30 March 2016}} He received a commission as an officer in 1905, scoring fourth in his commission exams. Immediately following commission, he attended the School of Application at Annapolis, Maryland, with classmates Holland Smith, Ralph S. Keyser and Andrew B. Drum.{{cite book|last1=Miller|first1=Anne Cipriano Venzon; foreword by J. Michael|title=Defending the Marine Corps : the career of Lieutenant General "Howling Mad" Smith|date=2003|publisher=Praeger|location=Westport, CT|isbn=9780275949068|page=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5yyz0UTHqwQC|accessdate=30 March 2016}} In July, Shearer sailed for duty to be the commander of the 35 man Marine detachment on Midway Island.

In May 1908, he was selected for promotion to first lieutenant and to the rank of captain in June 1916.{{cite journal|title=Promotions in Marine Corps|journal=Army and Navy Register|date=May 16, 1908|volume=43|page=21}}

During World War I, forces under Major Shearer's command made an attack on Belleau Wood, finally clearing that forest of Germans.{{Cite book|last=Curtis|first=Capt. Thomas J.|title=History of the Sixth Machine Gun Battalion, Fourth Brigade, U.S. Marines, Second Division, And Its Participation in the Great War|location= Neuweid on the Rhine, Germany|date=March 1919}} On 26 June 1918, he sent a now famous report: "Woods now U.S. Marine Corps entirely,"{{Cite web|last=McBreen|first=1stLt B.B.|title=2nd Battalion 5th Marines at Belleau Wood|url= http://www.2ndbn5thmar.com/history/25belleau1918.pdf|work=2d Battalion, 5th Marines| date=6 June 1994 |page=3}} ending one of the bloodiest and most ferocious battles U.S. forces would fight in the war.

Following his return to the United States, Shearer was reverted to the rank of captain and served with the Marine Recruiting Station in Detroit, Michigan. He was promoted to the permanent rank of major on June 4, 1920, and served as officer in charge of the recruit station in Detroit until September 1922. He was subsequently ordered to Washington, D.C., and appointed the Marine aide to Secretary of the Navy Edwin Denby.{{cite news|title=Shearer Aide to Denby|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1922-09-15/ed-1/seq-11/|accessdate=30 March 2016|work=Evening Star|date=September 15, 1922|location=Washington, DC|page=11}}

His duty in Washington ended in September 1923, when he was attached to the 1st Marine Brigade and sailed to Haiti in order to support government forces against rebels. Shearer served in the Caribbean until September 1925 and after two-years tour of duty in the United States, he sailed to Nicaragua as a member of the 5th Marine Regiment in June 1927. Following his return one year later, Shearer served with the Marine Barracks Parris Island, South Carolina, and on the staff of Marine Corps Schools, Quantico and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in October 1930.

Shearer served as commanding officer of the Marine barracks at Charleston Naval Shipyard, South Carolina, until January 1937, when he was ordered to Washington, D.C., and attached to the Adjutant and Inspector's Department at Headquarters Marine Corps under Brigadier General Clayton B. Vogel. Shearer was promoted to the rank of colonel in November 1937.

During World War II, Shearer remained in active service with the rank of colonel and served as commanding officer of the Marine barracks within Mare Island Naval Shipyard, California. He also held additional duty as commanding officer of 12th Marine Reserve District and finally retired from the Marine Corps on January 1, 1944. Shearer was advanced to the rank of brigadier general on the retired list for having been specially commended in combat.

Personal life

On December 28, 1908, Shearer married his first wife, Madeline M. Brown, the daughter of astronomer Stimson Joseph Brown.{{cite news|title=Officer's Wedding Rushed by Orders|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026749/1908-12-28/ed-1/seq-12/|accessdate=30 March 2016|work=The Washington Times|date=December 28, 1908|location=Washington, DC|page=12}} On June 6, 1928, he married Nancy Caperton Shepard, the widow of fellow Marine Ralph Lunt Shepard.

Maurice Shearer died in 1953, and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

Decorations

style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"

|colspan="4"|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Navy Cross ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Distinguished Service Cross ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Navy Distinguished Service ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|rowspan="5" align="center" |55px

{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Silver Star ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Marine Corps Good Conduct ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Marine Corps Expeditionary ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Spanish Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}

{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Army of Puerto Rican Occupation ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Mexican Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=4|type=service-star|other_device=bss|ribbon=World War I Victory Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Army of Occupation of Germany ribbon.svg|width=106}}

{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Nicaraguan Campaign ribbon 1933.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}

{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Croix de guerre 1914-1918 with palm.jpg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Verdun Medal ribbon.jpg|width=106}}

|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Nicaraguan Presidential Medal of Merit.svg|width=106}}

class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
1st Row \|colspan="4"\|Navy Cross \|colspan="4"\|Distinguished Service Cross \|colspan="4"\|Navy Distinguished Service Medal \|rowspan="5" align="center" \|French Fourragère
2nd Row \|colspan="3"\|Silver Star \|colspan="3"\|Marine Good Conduct Medal \|colspan="3"\|Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal \|colspan="3"\|Spanish Campaign Medal
3rd Row \|colspan="3"\|Army of Puerto Rican Occupation Medal \|colspan="3"\|Mexican Service Medal \|colspan="3"\|World War I Victory Medal with five battle clasps \|colspan="3"\|Army of Occupation of Germany Medal
4th Row \|colspan="3"\|Nicaraguan Campaign Medal (1933) \|colspan="3"\|American Defense Service Medal \|colspan="3"\|American Campaign Medal \|colspan="3"\|World War II Victory Medal
5th Row \|colspan="3"\|Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur \|colspan="3"\|French Croix de guerre 1914-1918 with palm \|colspan="3"\|Verdun Medal \|colspan="3"\|Nicaraguan Presidential Order of Merit with gold star

class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"

1st Row

|colspan="4"|Navy Cross

|colspan="4"|Distinguished Service Cross

|colspan="4"|Navy Distinguished Service Medal

|rowspan="5" align="center" |French Fourragère

2nd Row

|colspan="3"|Silver Star

|colspan="3"|Marine Good Conduct Medal

|colspan="3"|Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal

|colspan="3"|Spanish Campaign Medal

3rd Row