Max Brückner
{{Short description|German geometer (1860–1934)}}
{{distinguish|text=Max Brückner (artist) (1836–1919)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1860|08|05}}
| birth_place = Hartau, Kingdom of Saxony
| death_date = {{death_date_and_age|1934|11|01 |1860|08|05}}
| death_place = Bautzen, Germany
| name = Johannes Max Brückner
| image =
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| education = Leipzig University
Heidelberg University
| doctoral_advisor = Felix Klein
Wilhelm Scheibner
| academic_advisors =
| workplaces =
| doctoral_students =
| website =
}}
File:Model of the final stellation of the icosahedron.JPG, a stellated polyhedron first studied by Brückner]]
File:Brückner Vielflache Tafel 02.jpg and stereographic projections of the disdyakis dodeca- and triacontahedron]]
File:Brückner Achtzelle 2.jpg in an essay from 1909]]
Johannes Max Brückner (5 August 1860 – 1 November 1934) was a German geometer, known for his collection of polyhedral models.
Education and career
Brückner was born in Hartau, in the Kingdom of Saxony, a town that is now part of Zittau, Germany.{{NDB|2|657|658|Brueckner, Johannes Max|Steck, Max|123791111}} He completed a Ph.D. at Leipzig University in 1886, supervised by Felix Klein and Wilhelm Scheibner, with a dissertation concerning conformal maps.{{mathgenealogy|id=65946}} After teaching at a grammar school in Zwickau, he moved to the gymnasium in Bautzen.
Brückner is known for making many geometric models, particularly of stellated and uniform polyhedra, which he documented in his book Vielecke und Vielflache: Theorie und Geschichte (Polygons and polyhedra: Theory and History, Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1900).[https://archive.org/details/vieleckeundvielf00bruoft Vielecke und Vielflache] on Internet Archive, accessed 2015-12-01.{{citation|title=Beyond the Cube: The Architecture of Space Frames and Polyhedra|first=J. François|last=Gabriel|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=1997|isbn=9780471122616|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FkM0945nFV8C&pg=PA28|page=28|contribution=Max Brückner (1860–1934) and his paper model collection}}. The shapes first studied in this book include the final stellation of the icosahedron and the compound of three octahedra, made famous by M. C. Escher's print Stars.{{citation | last=Coxeter | first=H. S. M. | author-link=Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter | doi=10.1007/BF03023010 | issue=1 | journal=The Mathematical Intelligencer | pages=59–69 | title=A special book review: M. C. Escher: His life and complete graphic work | volume=7 | year=1985| s2cid=189887063 }}. Coxeter's analysis of Stars is on pp. 61–62.
Joseph Malkevitch lists the publication of this book, which documented all that was known on polyhedra at the time, as one of 25 milestones in the history of polyhedra. Malkevitch writes that the book's "beautiful pictures of uniform polyhedra ... served as an inspiration to people later".{{citation
| last = Malkevitch | first = Joseph
| date = 2013
| editor-last = Senechal | editor-first = Marjorie | editor-link = Marjorie Senechal
| contribution = Milestones in the History of Polyhedra
| doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-92714-5_4
| pages = 53–63
| publisher = Springer
| title = Shaping Space: Exploring Polyhedra in Nature, Art, and the Geometrical Imagination
| isbn = 978-0-387-92713-8
}}.
Brückner died on November 1, 1934, in Bautzen.
Honors and awards
Brückner was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1904, 1908, 1912, and 1928.{{citation|url=http://www.mathunion.org/db/ICM/Speakers/SortedByLastname.php|title=ICM Plenary and Invited Speakers since 1897|publisher=International Mathematical Union|accessdate=2015-10-01}}. In 1930–1931 he donated his model collection to Heidelberg University, and the university in turn gave him an honorary doctorate in 1931.
Bibliography
- Die Elemente der vierdimensionalen Geometrie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Polytope, Jahresbericht des Vereins für Naturkunde zu Zwickau 1893
- Vielecke und Vielflache – Theorie und Geschichte, Teubner, Leipzig, 1900
- Über die gleicheckig-gleichflächigen, diskontinuierlichen und nichtkonvexen Polyeder. dans: Abhandlungen der kaiserlichen leopoldinisch-carolinischen deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher, vol. 86, p. 1–348, Halle 1906.
- Ueber die Ableitung der allgemeinen Polytope und die nach Isomorphismus verschiedenen Typen der allgemeinen Achtzelle (Oktatope), Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam 1909
References
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Category:19th-century German mathematicians
Category:Leipzig University alumni
Category:20th-century German mathematicians
Category:Heidelberg University alumni