Max Reisel
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Max Reisel (Amsterdam, April 25, 1913 - Jerusalem, 1989) was a Dutch semiticist (of Jewish descent) and a teacher at the Montessori Lyceum Rotterdam. He strove in the dissemination of knowledge about Judaism in general and Hebrew language in particular. He played an important role in the field of education in the Netherlands.{{cite book|title=Pinkas Geschiedenis van de joodse gemeenschap in Nederland|author1=Jozeph Michman|author2=Hartog Beem|author3=Dan Mikhman|edition=2|publisher=Uitgeverij Contact|year=1999|isbn=9789025495138|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SxItAQAAIAAJ|pages=531}}
Life
M. Reisel was born on April 25, 1913, in Amsterdam.{{cite web|url=https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/scans/5009/1.3.21.8/start/80/limit/10/highlight/1|title=Inventarissen|access-date=2021-07-12|website=archief.amsterdam}}{{cite web|title=Hiigkeraren en gepromoveerden van 1632 tot Heden|publisher=Album Academicum|url=http://albumacademicum.uva.nl/id/id042558|access-date=2021-04-05}} Reisel was the son of Wolf Pinchas Reisel (1881–1943), a well-known chief Hazzan of the Neie Sjoel (New Synagogue in Amsterdam), and Sonja Wigdorowitz (1884–1943).{{cite book|title=Herinnering aan Joods Amsterdam|author=Mr. M. J. Cohen|editor1=Philo Bregstein|editor2=Salvador Bloemgarten|edition=3|publisher=Bezige Bij|year=2004|isbn=9789023415565}}{{cite web|title=Max Reisel|date=25 July 1908 |publisher=Joodserfgoedrotterdam. Joodse sporen in Rotterdam en omgeving|access-date=2021-04-05|url=https://www.joodserfgoedrotterdam.nl/max-reisel/}}{{cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=KBNRC01:000026277:mpeg21:a0196|title=Gevonden in Delpher - NRC Handelsblad|access-date=2021-07-11|newspaper=NRC Handelsblad|date=21 October 1978 |language=nl}}{{cite web|url=https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/pinchas-wolf-reisel/|title=Pinchas Wolf Reisel|access-date=2021-07-12|date=2019-09-24|website=joodsamsterdam}} They would eventually have eight children, namely; Barend (1908–1943), Lilly (1909–1945), Slata (1910, died shortly after birth), Ellie (1911–1999), Max himself, Jacques (1915–1976), Rudolf (1920–1998) and Mirjam (1925–1943).
In his youth, Max attended Hendrik Wester School, a public school on Weesperplein.{{Cite web|url=https://joodsbw.nl/cgi/b/bib/bib-idx?type=boolean;lang=nl;c=jbw;rgn1=entirerecordexcl;q1=Max;op1=And;q2=Reisel;op2=And;rgn2=entirerecordexcl;cc=jbw;view=reslist;sort=naam;fmt=long;page=reslist;start=2;size=1|title=Joods Biografisch Woordenboek|access-date=2021-07-15|website=joodsbw.nl}}
He later became department chairman of the Jewish Youth Organization and wrote a thesis on its guidelines.{{Cite web|url=https://joodsbw.nl/id/P-4234|title=Reisel, Max 1913 - 1989|access-date=2021-05-09|publisher=Database Joods Biografisch Woordenboek. Joden in Nederland in de twintigste eeuw}}
In 1930, Reisel began his teacher training in Amsterdam. He was still rejected for military service in 1932, and in 1937 he passed the examination for Israel's religious headteacher position,{{Cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:110577651:mpeg21:a0231|title=Gevonden in Delpher - De Telegraaf|access-date=2021-07-11|newspaper=De Telegraaf|date=26 October 1937 |language=nl}} but he was not able to do so.
= War years =
Reisel continued his studies, graduating in pedagogy in 1941 and Dutch language and literature in 1942,{{Cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:011062836:mpeg21:a0086|title=Gevonden in Delpher - De residentiebode|access-date=2021-07-14|newspaper=De Residentiebode|date=10 July 1942 |language=nl}} but Reisel would not practice teaching until after the war, and would not be able to do so until the war ended.{{Cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010859942:mpeg21:a0083|title=Gevonden in Delpher - Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad|access-date=2021-07-13|newspaper=Nieuw Israelietisch Weekblad|date=10 February 1989 |language=nl}}
Max Reisel married Clara Frederika Levie (1920–2000) during the war, in 1942,{{Cite web|url=https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/persons?ss=%7B%22q%22:%22Max%20Reisel%22%7D|title=Indexen|access-date=2021-07-12|website=archief.amsterdam}}Van den Beukel et al (ed.) 2016) [https://sjoa-drenthe.nl/archief/documenten/Totaaloverzicht11.pdf De Drentse Sjoa - Joodse oorlogsslachtoffers in de provincie Drenthe], uitgegeven door Sjoa-Drenthe, p.133{{Cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010318332:mpeg21:a0021|title=Gevonden in Delpher - Het joodsche weekblad : uitgave van den Joodschen Raad voor Amsterdam|access-date=2021-07-14|newspaper=Het Joodsche Weekblad : Uitgave van den Joodschen Raad voor Amsterdam|date=14 August 1942 |language=nl}} This followed Jewish tradition: the chuppah took place at his parents' home. Max had a daughter with Clara, the same year he became a cultural contributor to Het Joodsch Weekblad.{{Cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010858975:mpeg21:a0009|title=Gevonden in Delpher - Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad|access-date=2021-07-13|newspaper=Nieuw Israelietisch Weekblad|date=22 June 1979 |language=nl}}
He applied to be on the Barneveld list during the war, but had been rejected,{{Cite web|url=https://www.jodeninnederland.nl/cgi/b/bib/bib-idx?type=boolean;lang=nl;c=jbw;rgn1=entirerecordexcl;q1=Reisel;op1=And;cc=jbw;view=reslist;sort=naam;fmt=long;page=reslist;start=3;size=1|title=Joods Biografisch Woordenboek|access-date=2021-07-14|website=www.jodeninnederland.nl}} though his brother Jacques, though then only a simple physician's assistant, did get on that list,{{Cite web|url=https://www.domcast.nl/pages/13/de-familie-muller|title=Het verhaal van de familie Muller|access-date=2021-07-14|last=Gabreels|first=Luka|date=2020|website=www.domcast.nl}} yet Max survived the war. Of his parental family, besides himself, only his sister Rachel (Ellie) and brothers Jacques and Rudolf eventually survived the war. Both parents,[https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/536527/over-pinchas-wolf-reisel 'Over Pinchas Wolf Reisel' (Joods monument)][https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/124786/sonie-reisel-wigdorowitz 'Sonie Reisel-Wigdorowitz' (Joods monument)] his brother Barend (Benno)[https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/124784/barend-reisel 'Barend Reisel' (Joods monument)] and his sisters Lina (Lilly)[https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/172421/lina-meijer-reisel 'Lina Meijer-Reisel' (Joods monument)] and Mirjam[https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/124785/mirjam-reisel 'Mirjam Reisel' (Joods monument)] perished in the Holocaust, and they were all killed.{{Cite web|url=http://jacques.reisel.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20&Itemid=135&lang=nl|title=Jacques Reisel - Familie geschiedenis|access-date=2021-07-12|website=jacques.reisel.net}}
= After the war =
In 1946, Reisel became a teacher of Dutch at the Montessori Lyceum in Rotterdam. From 1946 to 1964 he was secretary of the Nederlands-Israëlitische Gemeente and a member of the central education committee of the Nederlands Israëlitisch Kerkgenootschap (NIK).{{cite book|author=Eddy van Amerongen|title=Nog slechts herinnering--: mijn vooroorlogs Joods Amsterdam|publisher=Amphora Books|year=2002|isbn=9789064460296}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010872037:mpeg21:a0051|title=De Centrale Commissie vergaderde....|newspaper=Nieuw Israelietisch Weekblad |date=1948-04-09|publisher=N.I.W.}}
Reisel also studied Semitic languages and received his Ph.D. in Literature and Philosophy from the University of Amsterdam in 1957, with the thesis Observations on אהיה אשר אהיה, הואהא and שם המפורש, or Observations on the Tetragrammaton{{Cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=MMKB19:000347051:mpeg21:a00034|title=Gevonden in Delpher - Algemeen Dagblad|access-date=2021-07-14|newspaper=Algemeen Dagblad|date=31 May 1957 |language=nl}} (Observations on Ehyeh aéser ehyeh, Hûhâ and éSēm ham-mefôrāés). This thesis was published that same year in book form with the title The mysterious name of Y.H.W.H. The English translation was done by Henriëtte Boas.{{cite web|title=Observations on the Tetragrammaton / Max Reisel; [transl. from the Dutch by Henriette Boas]|url=https://opc-kb.oclc.org/DB=1/XMLPRS=Y/PPN?PPN=079107087|publisher=Koninklijke Nationale Bibliotheek}} Reisel's work is considered one of the most profound studies on the Tetragrammaton by far in 2014.André H. Roosma (2014), [https://studylibnl.com/doc/718471/de-wonderbare-en-liefelijke-naam-van-de-god-die-er-was De wonderbare en liefelijke naam van de God die er was, die er is, en die er zijn zal], Zoetermeer. p.5{{Cite web|url=http://www.hallelu-jah.nl/Gods-veelzeggende-Naam-03.html|title=Hallelu-Jah - De veelzeggende Naam van God (3) - De namen van mensen die verwezen naar de grote Naam|access-date=2021-07-14|last=Roosma|first=André|date=2014-11-14|website=www.hallelu-jah.nl}}
That same year, the School voor Hebreeuwse Taal- en Letterkunde en Judaïca (School for Hebrew Language and Literature and Judaica) was founded in Rotterdam, which was headed by Reisel from the beginning. The aim of this school was to meet the then growing interest in the Jewish language and literature.{{Cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=KBNRC01:000035794:mpeg21:a0087|title=Gevonden in Delpher - Algemeen Handelsblad|access-date=2021-07-11|newspaper=Algemeen Handelsblad|date=15 September 1962 |language=nl}}
Over the years he wrote several books, including a biography of Maimonides, Judaism in Modern Society, and the translation of the Book of Genesis.
Reisel emigrated to Israel in the late 1970s,{{Cite web|url=https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/LLC/1979-06-30/edition/0/page/20|title=Leidse Courant {{!}} 30 juni 1979 {{!}} pagina 20|access-date=2021-07-14|website=Historische Kranten, Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken|date=30 June 1979 |language=nl}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010858975:mpeg21:a0009|title=Gevonden in Delpher - Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad|access-date=2021-07-14|newspaper=Nieuw Israelietisch Weekblad|date=22 June 1979 |language=nl}} where he died on January 26, 1989, in Jerusalem.
Selected works
Reisel wrote several books, including a biography on Maimonides, Judaism in Modern Society and a translation of the Book of Genesis.{{cite web|title=Reisel, Max 1913 - 1989|website=Database Joods Biografisch Woordenboek. Joden in Nederland in de twintigste eeuw|access-date=2021-05-09|url=https://joodsbw.nl/id/P-4234}}
= Thesis =
- {{cite thesis|title=Observations on Ehyeh aéser ehyeh, Hûhâ and éSēm ham-mefôrāés|first=Max|last=Reisel|publisher=Assen van Gorcum|year=1957|type=Zugl.: Amsterdam, Univ., PhD Diss.|oclc=839780182}}
= Books =
- {{cite book|last=Reisel|first=M.|title=The mysterious name of Y.H.W.H.: the tetragrammaton in connection with the names of EHYEH ašer EHYEH-Hūhā-and S̈̌em Hammephôrǎs|publisher=Assen: Van Gorcum|year=1957|series=Studia Semitica Neerlandica|volume=2|oclc=1276166|doi=10.1163/9789004354876|isbn=9789004354876}}
- {{cite book|last=Reisel|first=M.|title=Observations on Eheyeh asher eheyeh|publisher=Assen: Van Gorcum, G.A. Hak & Prakke|year=1957|oclc=11396285}}
- {{cite book|last=Reisel|first=M.|title=Het Jodendom in de moderne samenleving; enige feiten typerend voor het Jodendom in het licht van de herrezen Staat Israël|language=nl|publisher='s-Gravenhage, L.J.C. Boucher|date=1959|oclc=9881539}}
- {{cite book|last1=Reisel|first1=M.|last2=Mūsā b ʿUbayd Ibn Maymūn|title=Maimonides|publisher=Den Haag: Kruseman|date=1963|series=Helden van de geest|volume=30|oclc=781135612}}
- {{cite book|last1=Reisel|first1=M.|last2=Stichting voor Hebreeuwse taal- en letterkunde (Rotterdam)|title=Genesis = Bere·šît: transcriptie, verklaring, vertaling|publisher=Den Haag: Kruseman|date=1966|oclc=63413768}}
Varia
Max Reisel is uncle of Wanda Reisel, a Dutch writer.
References
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Category:Jewish translators of the Bible
Category:Translators of the Bible into Dutch