Mbone

Mbone was created by Van Jacobson, Steve Deering and Stephen Casner in 1992 based on a suggestion by Allison Mankin.{{cite journal|last1=Casner|first1=Stephen|last2=Deering|first2=Stephen|title=First IETF Internet Audiocast|journal=ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review|date=July 1992|volume=22|issue=3|pages=92–97|doi=10.1145/142267.142338|s2cid=8746059 }}

During March 16–20, 1992 the first significant use of the MBONE took place from the [https://www.ietf.org/proceedings/23.pdf Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) meeting in San Diego] with [https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~almeroth/classes/S99.290I/art1.html 20 sites listening.]

On May 23, 1993, Wax or the Discovery of Television Among the Bees was streamed over the Mbone,{{Cite web |title=Wax, or the Discovery of Television among the Bees {{!}} transmediale |url=https://archive.transmediale.de/content/wax-or-the-discovery-of-television-among-the-bees-0 |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=archive.transmediale.de}} becoming "the first movie to be transmitted on the Internet."{{Cite news |last=Markoff |first=John |date=1993-05-24 |title=Cult Film Is a First On Internet |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/24/business/cult-film-is-a-first-on-internet.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |issn=0362-4331}}

On June 24, 1993, the band Severe Tire Damage was the first to perform live on the Mbone.

On November 11, 1993 Sky Cries Mary performed on the Mbone from Bellevue, WA sponsored by Starwave.{{cite web | url=https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Net-Gain-Seattle-s-Sky-Cries-Mary-gets-more-3021420.php | title=Net Gain / Seattle's Sky Cries Mary gets more than a little help from Microsoft founders | work=SFGATE | date=29 October 1995 }}

On August 23, 1994, the band Deth Specula broadcast the first live concert over the Mbone.[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/22/arts/rolling-stones-live-on-internet-both-a-big-deal-and-a-little-deal.html&scp=1&sq=deth+specula&st=nyt Strauss, Neil, "Rolling Stones Live on Internet: Both a Big Deal and a Little Deal", New York Times, Nov 22, 1994, p. C15.][http://www.newsweek.com/id/112498?tid=relatedcl Hafner, Katie, "The MBone: Can't You Hear It Knocking", Newsweek, Dec 5, 1994.]

{{cite web

|url=http://www.deth.com/forum-gig.html

|title=S.F. BAY AREA BAND DETH SPECULA ROCKS THE INTERNET WITH LIVE, COMPUTER NETWORK BROADCAST

|access-date= 2008-03-30

|author=Malcom McCameron

|date= 1994-08-23

|publisher=Deth Specula (http://www.deth.com)

}}

{{cite web

|url=http://www.iuma.com/deth-mbone/

|title=Deth Specula Live at the SCO Forum

|access-date= 2008-04-19

|author=Internet Underground Music Archive

|author-link=Internet Underground Music Archive

|date= 1994-08-23

|publisher=Internet Underground Music Archive

|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/19990202093957/http://www.iuma.com/deth-mbone/

|archive-date= 1999-02-02

}}

{{cite web

|url=http://www.mediacast.com/Company/

|title=MediaCast Company Information

|access-date= 2008-03-30

|author=Jon R. Luini

|date= 1994-08-23

|publisher=MediaCast (http://www.mediacast.com)

}}

{{cite web

|url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/music-livestreaming-coronavirus/

|title=How Livestreaming Is Bridging the Gap Between Bands and Fans During the Coronavirus Outbreak

|access-date= 2020-07-24

|author=Cherie Hu

|date= 2020-03-17

|publisher=Pitchfork

}}

A November 1994 Rolling Stones concert at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas with 50,000 fans was the "first major cyberspace multicast concert." Mick Jagger opened the concert by saying, "I wanna say a special welcome to everyone that's, uh, climbed into the Internet tonight and, uh, has got into the M-bone. And I hope it doesn't all collapse."

A year later the Mbone was used, this time symmetrically (simultaneous transmission and reception without hierarchy among participants), for a first experience of real-time graphical interaction without the intermediary of any Center (Poietic Generator"gp" IP Multicast version of the Poietic Generator, developed for the Internet Mbone (1995): ([http://www.infres.enst.fr/~dax/guides/multicast/mdownload.html Telecom ParisTech server])Announcement of a session on the Mbone (February 1996). Screenshot of the "session directory" (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory): (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poietic_Generator#/media/File:Annonce_d%27une_session_Poietic_Generator_sur_le_Mbone_(_f%C3%A9vrier_1996).png)).

By 1995, there were M-bone links in Russia, as well as at the McMurdo Sound research station in Antarctica. Mbone was predominantly used by research and scientific entities, including NASA. {{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

Mbone was used for shared communication such as video teleconferences or shared collaborative workspaces. It was not generally connected to commercial Internet service providers, but often to universities and research institutions. Some other projects and network testbeds, such as Internet2's Abilene Network, made Mbone obsolete.

A "virtual room video conferencing system" (VRVS) started operation in 1997 using the Mbone, and was in operation through 2008.{{Cite web |title= VRVS Frequently Asked Questions |url= http://www.vrvs.org/Documentation/faq.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080222145753/http://www.vrvs.org/Documentation/faq.html |archivedate= February 22, 2008 |accessdate= May 25, 2013 }}

A revived mboned (mbone deployment) working group was chartered by the Internet Engineering Task Force in 2014, as a forum to coordinate and document multicast deployment challenges and best practices.{{Cite web |title=MBONE Deployment |url=https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/charter-ietf-mboned/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=datatracker.ietf.org |language=en}}

The purpose of Mbone was to minimize the amount of data required for multipoint audio/video-conferencing.

Mbone was free and it used a network of routers that support IP multicast, and it enables access to real-time interactive multimedia on the Internet. Many older routers do not support IP multicast. To cope with this, tunnels must be set up on both ends: multicast packets are encapsulated in unicast packets and sent through a tunnel. Mbone uses a small subset of the class D IP address space (224.0.0.0–239.255.255.255) assigned for multicast traffic. Mbone uses 224.2.0.0 for multimedia conferencing.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

• topology: a combination of mesh and star networks
• IP addresses: 224.2.0.0
• routing schemes: DVMRP, MOSPF
• session registration: IGMP
• traffic requirement: audio 32-64 kbit/s, video 120 kbit/s

• Videoconferencing: vic -t ttl destination-host/port (supports: NV, H.261, CellB, MPEG, mJPEG)
• Audioconferencing: vat -t ttl destination-host/port (supports: LPC, PCMU, DVI4, GSM)
• Whiteboard: wb destination-host/port/ttl
• Session Directory: sdr
• Collective art : gp (Poietic Generator)

• CastGate—an attempt at providing connectivity to the multicast network for hosts which have none

{{Portal|1990s}}

• [http://www.savetz.com/mbone/ MBONE: Multicasting Tomorrow's Internet]: Classic book about MBONE, by Kevin Savetz, Neil Randall, and Yves Lepage, complete on-line
• [https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/mboned/about/ IETF MBONE Deployment working group]
• [http://www.live555.com/mbone/ How to connect to the MBone]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20190607072610/http://www.AccessGrid.org/ AccessGrid.org]
• [http://www.isoc.org/inet95/proceedings/PAPER/227/html/paper.html Making the MBone Real]—Ajit S. Thyagarajan, Stephen L. Casner, and Stephen E. Deering, Proc. INET '95. Internet Society. May 10, 1995

• [http://www-nrg.ee.lbl.gov/ LBNL's tools]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100615053705/http://www-mice.cs.ucl.ac.uk/multimedia/software/ MICE's tools]
• [http://www.infres.enst.fr/~dax/guides/multicast/mdownload.html Telecom Paristech (ex-ENST Paris)]

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Category:Internet architecture