Mediaset#History

{{Infobox company

| name = Mediaset S.p.A.

| logo = Mediaset Logo.png

| logo_size = 250px

| former_names = Mediaset Italia S.p.A. (2019-2022)

| image = Mediaset production center, Cologno Monzese, metropolitan city of Milan, Italy.jpg

| image_caption = Headquarters in Cologno Monzese (Milan)

| type = Subsidiary

| traded_as =

| founder = Silvio Berlusconi

| foundation = {{start date and age|1978}} (as Telemilano)
{{Start date and age|1993|12|15}} (as Gruppo Mediaset)
{{Start date and age|2019}} (as Mediaset Italia)

| predecessor =

| location = Cologno Monzese, Milan, Italy

| key_people = Pier Silvio Berlusconi (CEO)

| industry = Mass media

| products = Free-to-air and
subscription
television broadcasting
Radio
Television Production

| revenue = {{increase}} €2.801 billion

| revenue_year = 2022

| operating_income =

| income_year =

| net_income = {{Increase}} €471 million

| net_income_year = 2018

| num_employees = {{increase}} 4,858

| num_employees_year = 2022

| subsid = Reti Televisive Italiane
Publitalia '80

| owner = MFE – MediaForEurope

| homepage = {{URL|www.mediaset.it}}

}}

Mediaset S.p.A. is an Italian mass media and television production and distribution company that is the largest commercial broadcaster in the country. The company is controlled by the holding company MFE – MediaForEurope (the original iteration of Mediaset S.p.A., {{Aka}} the Mediaset Group), which is majority-owned by the Berlusconi family's Fininvest Group. Stemming from a business founded in 1987 by entrepreneur and later Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi, Mediaset competes primarily against the public broadcaster RAI, the privately owned La7 and (through Sky Group Limited) Comcast's Sky Italia.

Mediaset's headquarters are in Milan, Lombardy. Many of its studios are located in the Milano 2 area of Segrate, a municipality bordering Milan, where broadcasts of local station TeleMilano (now airing nationally as Mediaset's Canale 5) began in 1978. After merging with various local broadcasters to form the Canale 5 syndication, much production was moved to Cologno Monzese, where the infrastructure of the former Telealtomilanese was present. The company currently has three main television production centres, in Milan (Segrate, Cologno Monzese) and Rome.{{cite web|url=http://www.mediaset.it/corporate/sedi_en.shtml|title=Offices|publisher=Mediaset|access-date=31 December 2009|archive-date=21 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221003857/http://www.mediaset.it/corporate/sedi_en.shtml|url-status=live}}

In 2019, Mediaset transferred its corporate functions to the Netherlands and as a result, the Italian operations were taken over by a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mediaset which began operations that year.

History

= Starting in late 1970s =

Silvio Berlusconi's involvement in the television industry began in 1978, with Telemilano, a local Milan-based broadcaster that became Canale 5 two years later and began broadcasting nationally. Canale 5 was subsequently joined by Italia 1 (bought from the publishing group Rusconi in 1982) and Rete 4 (acquired from Arnoldo Mondadori Editore in 1984). The television area was called RTI and became established with three national analogue networks, supported by an advertising sales company, Publitalia '80, that exclusively collects advertising for all three channels and two other companies, Videotime, that manages TV technology and production activities, and Elettronica Industriale that guarantees signal distribution through the management of the broadcasting infrastructure. In 1987, it bought out Italian's leading home video distributor Domovideo, in a seesaw contest with Vincenzo Romangoli.{{Cite news |date=29 April 1987 |title=Berlusconi Buys Italian Distributor |pages=39–40 |work=Variety}}

In the 1980s, Berlusconi's company Fininvest was contracted to operate TV Koper-Capodistria, a TV station which was intended to serve Italian-speaking audiences in the region of Istria, Slovenia, Yugoslavia, but was widely available in Italy through cable systems. Under Fininvest's control, the station mainly operated as a sports channel. This arrangement ended in 1990.{{cite web |last1=Bartolj |first1=Jaka |title=The Olive Grove Revolution |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2006/04/30/the_olive_grove/ |website=Transdiffusion |access-date=10 April 2023 |language=en-UK |date=30 April 2006}}{{cite web |title=Chi siamo |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/tv-capodistria/chi-siamo/523801 |publisher=Radiotelevizija Slovenija |access-date=10 April 2023 |language=it}}

In 1990, Silvio Berlusconi Communications entered into a partnership with DIC Enterprises and having SBC subsidiary {{Interlanguage link|Reteitalia|it|lt=Reteitalia S.p.A.}} and Spanish TV channel Telecinco (which SBC held a stake) to co-produce shows,{{Cite news|date=14 May 1990|title=DiC Enterprises gets animated with new tour|work=Broadcasting|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/90-OCR/BC-1990-05-14-OCR-Page-0038.pdf|access-date=16 October 2021|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016001915/https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/90-OCR/BC-1990-05-14-OCR-Page-0038.pdf|url-status=live}} a relationship that lasted until 1994.

= 2010s =

Eutelsat's Hotbird satellite on Canale 5, Italia 1 and Rete 4 channels are fully encrypted as of 7 September 2015. To continue watching, you will need to purchase the Tivùsat decoder and smartcard, which do not require a monthly subscription, only in Italy. Before 7 September 2015, the 3 Mediaset free channels were encrypted via satellite due to some copyrighted programs and sports events.{{Cite web|url=https://advanced-television.com/2015/08/25/mediaset-to-encrypt-all-satellite-channels/|title=Mediaset to encrypt all satellite channels|date=25 August 2015}} Mediaset's news channel TGcom24 continues to broadcast free-to-air via satellite.

= 2020s =

In October 2021, the headquarters of Mediaset S.p.A. was relocated to Amsterdam, becoming Mediaset N.V.{{Cite web |title=Mediaset, le siège social déménage aux Pays-Bas et la société change de nom : l'accord a été finalisé |url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2021/09/18/mediaset-la-sede-legale-trasloca-in-olanda-e-la-societa-cambia-nome-perfezionato-laccordo/6324797/ |website=ilfatto quotidiano}}

In November 2021, Mediaset announced a major restructuring, under which it would form a new parent company, MFE – MediaForEurope N.V., which would be domiciled in the Netherlands.{{Cite web|date=26 November 2021|title=Mediaset becomes MFE-MediaForEurope|url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2021/11/26/mediaset-becomes-mfe-mediaforeurope/|access-date=15 February 2022|website=Digital TV Europe|language=en-GB|archive-date=15 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215232301/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2021/11/26/mediaset-becomes-mfe-mediaforeurope/|url-status=live}}

Holdings

= Premium-tier channels =

class="wikitable" ; text-align:center"

!Channel

!LCN on DVB-T

!LCN on Sky

!Launched

!Closed

!Description

Premium Action

|459

| –

|1 April 2013

| rowspan="13" |10 January 2022

| rowspan="6" |Television series

Premium Action HD

| –

|125

|23 June 2015

Premium Crime

|503

| –

|1 July 2011

Premium Crime HD

| –

|10

| rowspan="2" |23 June 2015

Premium Stories

|462

| –

Premium Stories HD

| –

|14

|4 June 2018

Premium Cinema 1

|463

| –

| rowspan="7" |1 July 2020

| rowspan="7" |Films

Premium Cinema 1 HD

| –

|313

Premium Cinema 1 +24 HD

| –

|314

Premium Cinema 2

|464

| –

Premium Cinema 2 HD

| –

|315

Premium Cinema 3

|465

| –

Premium Cinema 3 HD

| –

|316

= Radio =

On 1 July 2016, the radio activities were merged into the new company RadioMediaset, whose presidency Paolo Salvaderi was appointed.{{cite web|url=http://www.primaonline.it/2016/07/01/239841/|title=Mediaset accorpa le attività radiofoniche (R101, 105 e Virgin) sotto la controllata RadioMediaset guidata da Paolo Salvaderi|language=it|accessdate=4 July 2016}} The company deals with the editorial activities of: Radio Monte Carlo, R101, Radio 105 Network, Virgin Radio, Radio Subasio and their respective television networks.{{cite web|url=https://mediasetinfinity.mediaset.it/video/tg5/rmc-con-radiomediaset-lavventura-continua_F308717201991C06 |title=RMC con RadioMediaset "l'avventura continua"- TG5 Video|language=it|date=13 February 2019}}

= Streaming service =

Mediaset Infinity

= International service =

Mediaset Italia

Impact

A 2019 study in The American Economic Review examined the impact of Mediaset on Italy during its rollout in the 1980s. The study compared the voting habits of people who grew up in towns and regions that got early access to Mediaset against ones who only got late access to Mediaset. The study noted that Mediaset's programming, especially during the 80s & 90s, was far more slanted toward entertainment and contained far less news and educational content than its competitor, the RAI. It also concluded that "individuals with early access to Mediaset all-entertainment content were more likely to vote for Berlusconi's party in 1994 when he first ran for office... we find that individuals exposed to entertainment TV as children were less cognitively sophisticated and civic-minded as adults, and ultimately more vulnerable to Berlusconi's populist rhetoric."{{Cite journal|last1=Tesei|first1=Andrea|last2=Pinotti|first2=Paolo|last3=Durante|first3=Ruben|date=2019|title=The Political Legacy of Entertainment TV|journal=American Economic Review|language=en|volume=109|issue=7|pages=2497–2530|doi=10.1257/aer.20150958|issn=0002-8282|doi-access=free|hdl=10419/130776|hdl-access=free}} The study said the effect included populist parties in general that offered simple slogans and easy cure-alls, including non-Berlusconi populist parties such as the Five Star Movement.{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/07/20/how-trashy-tv-made-children-dumber-enabled-wave-populist-leaders/ |title=How trashy TV made children dumber and enabled a wave of populist leaders |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=21 July 2019 |archive-date=21 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721083622/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/07/20/how-trashy-tv-made-children-dumber-enabled-wave-populist-leaders/ |url-status=live }}

= Criticism =

The network has been heavily criticized over the years by other media and journalists in Italy because of the direct link to politic person of Berlusconi and of the content of some shows: the broadcaster was repeatedly cited as "Merdaset" (rephrasing with the word merda, the Italian for "shit") by some journalists.{{Cite news|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/in-edicola/articoli/2020/07/04/merdaset/5856918/|title=Merdaset|work=il Fatto Quotidiano|first=Marco|last=Travaglio|access-date=4 July 2020|language=en}}

Lawsuits

= Europa 7 =

In January 2008, the European Court of Justice ruled that the TV frequencies used by Mediaset to broadcast Rete 4 were shared out unfairly. They should have been given to Europa 7, a competitor channel, the judges maintain, and Rete 4 should be broadcast via satellite instead. Although the Italian Council of State, the highest court on administrative matters, has confirmed that the Italian government should abide by this European ruling, Rete 4 continues its operation on analogue frequencies and on DVB-T.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/rbssTechMediaTelecomNews/idUSL3142399220080531|title=Italy court rejects Mediaset appeal to EU ruling|date=31 May 2008|work=Reuters|first=Giuseppe|last=Fonte|access-date=2 July 2017|archive-date=13 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913112211/https://www.reuters.com/article/rbssTechMediaTelecomNews/idUSL3142399220080531|url-status=live}}

= Google =

On 30 July 2008, Mediaset filed a lawsuit against Google for €500 million (US$779 million) charging copyright infringement. The company stated that 325 hours worth of material was uploaded to YouTube and the result was the loss of 315,672 viewing days and ad revenue.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/idg/IDG_852573C400693880002574960063ABD7.html|title=Mediaset Files EUR500 Million Suit Vs Google's YouTube|date=30 July 2008|work=IDG|first1=Stephen|last1=Lawson|access-date=12 May 2010|archive-date=10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110135112/http://www.nytimes.com/idg/IDG_852573C400693880002574960063ABD7.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/djf500/200807301025DOWJONESDJONLINE000654_FORTUNE5.htm|title=Italian Media Company Sues YouTube|date=30 July 2008|access-date=13 September 2008|work=Dow Jones Newswires|publisher=CNNMoney.com|archive-date=8 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908122120/http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/djf500/200807301025DOWJONESDJONLINE000654_FORTUNE5.htm|url-status=live}}

= Sky Italia =

On 16 September 2009, Sky Italia (owned by the original News Corporation at the time) filed a lawsuit to the Court of Milan, Italy, against Reti Televisive Italiane and Publitalia '80 for a violation of Article 82 of European Treaty that regulates free economic competition between companies, in particular for refusing to allow Sky Italia to purchase advertising on the three main Mediaset television channels (Canale 5, Italia 1 and Rete 4),{{cite press release|url=http://www.newscorp.com/news/news_427.html|title=News Corporation's Sky Italia Files Lawsuit Against Mediaset Companies For Antitrust Violations|date=16 September 2009|publisher=News Corporation|access-date=16 September 2009|archive-date=24 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924000954/http://www.newscorp.com/news/news_427.html|url-status=live}} exercising Article 700 of the Italian Civil Procedural Code who permit to require an urgent action.{{cite news|url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/SoleOnLine4/dossier/Tecnologia%20e%20Business/digitale-terrestre/copertura-broadcasting/Sky-Mediaset-tribunale.shtml?uuid=79bf94d0-a356-11de-9cb7-ea7a81dfc3bd&DocRulesView=Libero|title=Sky porta Mediaset in tribunale|language=it|date=17 September 2009|newspaper=Il Sole 24 Ore|access-date=17 September 2009|archive-date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716175153/http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/SoleOnLine4/dossier/Tecnologia%20e%20Business/digitale-terrestre/copertura-broadcasting/Sky-Mediaset-tribunale.shtml?uuid=79bf94d0-a356-11de-9cb7-ea7a81dfc3bd&DocRulesView=Libero|url-status=live}} Mediaset has rejected the charge of antitrust violations, stating that in 2009 it had broadcast Sky Italia commercials 3107 times on its channels, whereas Sky Italia has always refused to broadcast Mediaset commercials.{{cite news|url=http://www.mediaset.it/corporate/salastampa/2009/comunicatostampa_5162_en.shtml|title=Mediaset respinge accuse infondate del concorrente SKY|date=16 September 2009|publisher=Mediaset Group press release|access-date=16 September 2009|archive-date=18 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718182952/http://www.mediaset.it/corporate/salastampa/2009/comunicatostampa_5162_en.shtml|url-status=live}}