Medical cybernetics

{{Short description | Branch of cybernetics applying systems theory in medicine}}

Medical cybernetics is a branch of cybernetics which has been heavily affected by the development of the computer,Brian H. Rudall (2000). "Cybernetics and systems in the 1980s". In: Kybernetes. Vol 29. Issue 5/6 p.595-611. which applies the concepts of cybernetics to medical research and practice. At the intersection of systems biology, systems medicine and clinical applications it covers an emerging working program for the application of systems- and communication theory, connectionism and decision theory on biomedical research and health related questions.

Overview

Medical cybernetics searches for quantitative descriptions of biological dynamics.J.W. Dietrich (2004), [http://www.medical-cybernetics.de/definition.html Medical Cybernetics – A Definition], Medizinische Kybernetik, 2004. Released under creative commons 2.0 attribution licence. It investigates intercausal networks in human biology, medical decision making and information processing structures in the living organism.

Approaches of medical cybernetics include:

Systems theory in medical sciences: The scope of systems theory in the medical sciences is searching for and modelling of physiological dynamics in the intact and diseased organism.{{cite journal |last1=Fricke |first1=O |last2=Lehmkuhl |first2=G |last3=Schoenau |first3=E |title=The principle of regulation in biology--from bone to eating behavior. |journal=Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes|date=April 2006 |volume=114 |issue=4 |pages=197–203 |doi=10.1055/s-2006-924068 |pmid=16705553}}{{cite journal |last1=Fricke |first1=O |last2=Lehmkuhl |first2=G |last3=Pfaff |first3=DW |title=Cybernetic principles in the systematic concept of hypothalamic feeding control. |journal=European Journal of Endocrinology |date=February 2006 |volume=154 |issue=2 |pages=167–73 |doi=10.1530/eje.1.02081 |pmid=16452529}}{{cite journal |last1=Midgley |first1=JE |last2=Hoermann |first2=R |last3=Larisch |first3=R |last4=Dietrich |first4=JW |title=Physiological states and functional relation between thyrotropin and free thyroxine in thyroid health and disease: in vivo and in silico data suggest a hierarchical model. |journal=Journal of Clinical Pathology |date=April 2013 |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=335–42 |doi=10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201213 |pmid=23423518}} Its aim is to arrive at deeper insights into the organizational principles of life and its perturbations.{{cite journal |last1=Tretter |first1=F |last2=Wolkenhauer |first2=O |last3=Meyer-Hermann |first3=M |last4=Dietrich |first4=JW |last5=Green |first5=S |last6=Marcum |first6=J |last7=Weckwerth |first7=W |title=The Quest for System-Theoretical Medicine in the COVID-19 Era. |journal=Frontiers in Medicine |date=2021 |volume=8 |pages=640974 |doi=10.3389/fmed.2021.640974 |pmid=33855036|pmc=8039135 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Hoermann |first1=R |last2=Midgley |first2=JEM |last3=Larisch |first3=R |last4=Dietrich |first4=JW |title=Recent Advances in Thyroid Hormone Regulation: Toward a New Paradigm for Optimal Diagnosis and Treatment. |journal=Frontiers in Endocrinology |date=2017 |volume=8 |pages=364 |doi=10.3389/fendo.2017.00364 |doi-access=free |pmid=29375474|pmc=5763098 }} Based on cybernetic models, improved diagnostical strategies{{cite journal |last1=Dietrich |first1=JW |last2=Landgrafe-Mende |first2=G |last3=Wiora |first3=E |last4=Chatzitomaris |first4=A |last5=Klein |first5=HH |last6=Midgley |first6=JE |last7=Hoermann |first7=R |title=Calculated Parameters of Thyroid Homeostasis: Emerging Tools for Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Research. |journal=Frontiers in Endocrinology |date=2016 |volume=7 |pages=57 |doi=10.3389/fendo.2016.00057 |doi-access=free |pmid=27375554|pmc=4899439 }}{{cite journal |last1=Dietrich |first1=JW |last2=Dasgupta |first2=R |last3=Anoop |first3=S |last4=Jebasingh |first4=F |last5=Kurian |first5=ME |last6=Inbakumari |first6=M |last7=Boehm |first7=BO |last8=Thomas |first8=N |title=SPINA Carb: a simple mathematical model supporting fast in-vivo estimation of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. |journal=Scientific Reports |date=21 October 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=17659 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-22531-3 |pmid=36271244|pmc=9587026 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1217659D }}{{cite journal |last1=Dietrich |first1=JW |last2=Abood |first2=A |last3=Dasgupta |first3=R |last4=Anoop |first4=S |last5=Jebasingh |first5=FK |last6=Spurgeon |first6=R |last7=Thomas |first7=N |last8=Boehm |first8=BO |title=A novel simple disposition index (SPINA-DI) from fasting insulin and glucose concentration as a robust measure of carbohydrate homeostasis. |journal=Journal of Diabetes |date=September 2024 |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=e13525 |doi=10.1111/1753-0407.13525 |pmid=38169110|pmc=11418405 }} and methods for personalised therapy of chronic diseases have been developed.{{cite journal |last1=Goede |first1=SL |last2=Leow |first2=MK |last3=Smit |first3=JW |last4=Dietrich |first4=JW |title=A novel minimal mathematical model of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis validated for individualized clinical applications. |journal=Mathematical Biosciences |date=March 2014 |volume=249 |pages=1–7 |doi=10.1016/j.mbs.2014.01.001 |pmid=24480737}}{{cite journal |last1=Goede |first1=SL |last2=Leow |first2=MK |last3=Smit |first3=JW |last4=Klein |first4=HH |last5=Dietrich |first5=JW |title=Hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid feedback control: implications of mathematical modeling and consequences for thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) reference ranges. |journal=Bulletin of Mathematical Biology |date=June 2014 |volume=76 |issue=6 |pages=1270–87 |doi=10.1007/s11538-014-9955-5 |pmid=24789568}}{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=E |last2=Yen |first2=PM |last3=Dietrich |first3=JW |last4=Leow |first4=MK |title=Profiling retrospective thyroid function data in complete thyroidectomy patients to investigate the HPT axis set point (PREDICT-IT). |journal=Journal of Endocrinological Investigation |date=May 2021 |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=969–977 |doi=10.1007/s40618-020-01390-7 |pmid=32808162}}{{cite journal |last1=Wolff |first1=TM |last2=Dietrich |first2=JW |last3=Müller |first3=MA |title=Optimal Hormone Replacement Therapy in Hypothyroidism - A Model Predictive Control Approach. |journal=Frontiers in Endocrinology |date=2022 |volume=13 |pages=884018 |doi=10.3389/fendo.2022.884018 |doi-access=free |pmid=35813623|pmc=9263720 }}{{cite journal |last1=Dietrich |first1=Johannes W. |title=P4-Endokrinologie – Kybernetische Perspektiven eines neuen Ansatzes |journal=Leibniz Online |date=2024 |volume=54 |doi=10.53201/LEIBNIZONLINE54 |url=https://leibnizsozietaet.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/03_03_Kybernetik-2024_DietrichLeibniz-Online-Fachbeitrag.pdf |language=de}} With focus on medical application this field is also referred to as systems medicine.{{cite book |last1=Alon |first1=Uri |title=Systems medicine: physiological circuits and the dynamics of disease |date=2024 |publisher=CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group |location=Boca Rato London New York |isbn=9781032411859 |edition=First}}
Medical information and communication theory: Motivated by the awareness of information being an essential principle of life, the application of communication theory to biomedicine aims at a mathematical description of signalling processes and information storage in different physiological layers. This attempt also includes theories on the information theory of the genetic code.{{cite journal |last1=Tsukamoto |first1=Y |title=An information theory of the genetic code. |journal=Journal of Theoretical Biology |date=21 June 1979 |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=451–98 |doi=10.1016/0022-5193(79)90187-5 |pmid=513794|bibcode=1979JThBi..78..451T }}{{cite journal |last1=Figureau |first1=A |title=Information theory and the genetic code. |journal=Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres |date=1987 |volume=17 |issue=3–4 |pages=439–49 |doi=10.1007/BF02386481 |pmid=3627775|bibcode=1987OrLi...17..439F |s2cid=25129093 }}{{cite journal |last1=Battail |first1=Gérard |title=Information Theory and Error-Correcting Codes In Genetics and Biological Evolution |journal=Introduction to Biosemiotics |date=2007 |pages=299–345 |doi=10.1007/1-4020-4814-9_13|isbn=978-1-4020-4813-5 }}{{cite journal |last1=Kuruoglu |first1=EE |last2=Arndt |first2=PF |title=The information capacity of the genetic code: Is the natural code optimal? |journal=Journal of Theoretical Biology |date=21 April 2017 |volume=419 |pages=227–237 |doi=10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.01.046 |pmid=28163008|bibcode=2017JThBi.419..227K |hdl=21.11116/0000-0000-7D7E-8 |hdl-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Ramakrishnan |first1=Nithya |last2=Bose |first2=R. |title=Dipole entropy based techniques for segmentation of introns and exons in DNA |journal=Applied Physics Letters |date=20 August 2012 |volume=101 |issue=8 |pages=083701 |doi=10.1063/1.4747205|bibcode=2012ApPhL.101h3701R }}
Connectionism: Connectionistic models describe information processing in neural networks – thus forming a bridge between biological and technological research.
Medical decision theory (MDT): The Goal of MDT is to gather evidence based foundations for decision making in the clinical setting.

References

External links

[http://www.ai.meduniwien.ac.at/ Institute for Medical Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Medical University Vienna, Austria]
[http://open-site.org/Science/Mathematics/Applied/Cybernetics/K3_-_Applied_Cybernetics/Medical/ Medical Cybernetics in the Open Encyclopedia Project]
[http://www.medizinische-kybernetik.de/ Portal Server Medizinische Kybernetik | Medical Cybernetics]
[http://biocyb.cs.ucla.edu/ UCLA Biocybernetics Laboratory, Los Angeles, Ca, USA]

Category:Biomedical cybernetics

Medical cybernetics

Overview

See also

References

Further reading

External links