Medical journal

The first medical journals were general medical journals. The first English-language general medical journal was Medicina Curiosa, established in 1684, but it ceased publication after only two issues.{{cite journal|last1=Ioannidis|first1=John P. A.|last2=Belbasis|first2=Lazaros|last3=Evangelou|first3=Evangelos|last4=Gupta|first4=Vineet|title=Fifty-Year Fate and Impact of General Medical Journals|journal=PLOS ONE|date=1 September 2010|volume=5|issue=9|pages=e12531|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0012531|pmid=20824146|pmc=2931710|bibcode=2010PLoSO...512531I|doi-access=free}} The first medical journal to be published in the United Kingdom was Medical Essays and Observations, established in 1731 and published in Edinburgh;{{Cite journal|last=Booth|first=C C|date=1982-07-10|title=Medical communication: the old and new. The development of medical journals in Britain.|journal=British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)|volume=285|issue=6335|pages=105–108|issn=0267-0623|pmc=1498905|pmid=6805825|doi=10.1136/bmj.285.6335.105}} the first to be published in the United States was The Medical Repository, established in 1797.{{Cite journal|title=The Medical Repository — The First U.S. Medical Journal (1797–1824)|journal = New England Journal of Medicine|volume = 337|issue = 26|pages = 1926–1930|last1=Kahn|first1=Richard J.|last2=Kahn|first2=Patricia G.|date=2009-08-20|language=EN|doi=10.1056/nejm199712253372617|pmid = 9407162}}

Among the oldest general medical journals that are still in publication today are The Lancet, established in 1823, and the New England Journal of Medicine, established in 1812. Specialty-specific medical journals were first introduced in the early 20th century.{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=R.|title=The trouble with medical journals|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine|volume=99|issue=3|pages=115–119|doi=10.1177/014107680609900311|pmid=16508048|year=2006|pmc=1383755}}

In 1999, Medscape launched Medscape General Medicine, which became the world's first online-only general medical journal.{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9905/07/medsite.idg/ | title=Online journal could shake up medical breakthrough news | work=CNN | date=7 May 1999 | access-date=6 September 2015 | author=Woody, Todd}}

Journals that are recognized as general medical journals include The Lancet, the New England Journal of Medicine, and the Annals of Internal Medicine.{{cite journal|last1=Ray|first1=Joel|last2=Berkwits|first2=Michael|last3=Davidoff|first3=Frank|title=The fate of manuscripts rejected by a general medical journal|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|date=August 2000|volume=109|issue=2|pages=131–135|doi=10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00450-2|pmid=10967154}} In 2009, the three highest-ranked general medical journals by impact factor were JAMA, The Lancet, and the New England Journal of Medicine.{{cite journal|last1=Kulkarni|first1=Abhaya V.|title=Comparisons of Citations in Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar for Articles Published in General Medical Journals|journal=JAMA|date=9 September 2009|volume=302|issue=10|pages=1092–6|doi=10.1001/jama.2009.1307|pmid=19738094|doi-access=}} The BMJ{{'}}s web editor, Tony Delamothe, has described the BMJ as a general medical journal.{{cite journal|last1=Delamothe|first1=T|title=How political should a general medical journal be?|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=21 December 2002|volume=325|issue=7378|pages=1431–2|pmid=12493649|doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7378.1431|pmc=1124893}} The Medical Journal of Australia is the only general medical journal in Australia,{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/may/07/backlash-over-stephen-leeder-sacking-puts-medical-journal-of-australia-in-peril | title=Backlash over Stephen Leeder sacking puts Medical Journal of Australia in peril | work=The Guardian | date=7 May 2015 | access-date=6 September 2015 | author=Davey, Melissa}} and the Canadian Medical Association Journal has been called the leading general medical journal in Canada.{{cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/65-going-on-16-medical-journal-proposes-new-rules-for-elderly-drivers/article4097799/ | title=65 going on 16: Medical journal proposes new rules for elderly drivers | work=The Globe and Mail | date=4 April 2012 | access-date=6 September 2015 | author=Mehta, Diana}}

Richard Smith, the former editor of the medical journal the BMJ, has been critical of many of the aspects of modern-day medical journal publishing.{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Richard|date=2005-05-17|title=Medical Journals Are an Extension of the Marketing Arm of Pharmaceutical Companies|journal=PLOS Medicine|volume=2|issue=5|pages=e138|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020138|pmid=15916457|issn=1549-1676|pmc=1140949 |doi-access=free }} Critics of medical publishing have argued that problems related to gaming of citation and authorship are prevalent in the field, as many authors did not actually contribute to the articles that their names are on, many contributors to the articles are excluded from authorship, and strategic and unnecessary citations are prevalent to boost scores.{{Cite journal |last=MacDonald |first=Stuart |date=2023 |title=The gaming of citation and authorship in academic journals: a warning from medicine |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/05390184221142218 |journal=Social Science Information|volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=457–480 |doi=10.1177/05390184221142218 |s2cid=256710783 }}

• List of medical journals
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Medical journal

Category:Medical literature