Meg Patterson

{{redirect|Margaret Patterson|the American artist|Margaret Jordan Patterson}}

{{Infobox medical person

| name = Meg Patterson

| honorific_suffix = MBE

| birth_name = Margaret Angus Ingram

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| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|11|09|df=y}}

| birth_place = Aberdeen, Scotland

| death_date = {{death date and age|2002|07|25|1922|11|09|df=y}}

| death_place = Lanark, Scotland{{Cite web|url=http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=60631&h=204141&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=ro81967502&_phstart=successSource|title=Scotland and Northern Ireland, Death Index, 1989-2013|website=www.ancestry.com|access-date=13 October 2017|url-access=subscription }}

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| nationality = Scottish

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| education = University of Aberdeen (MBChB)
University of Edinburgh (MD)

| occupation = surgeon

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| known_for = Neuro-electric therapy

| relations = George Patterson

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Margaret Angus Patterson MBE (9 November 1922 – 25 July 2002{{Cite web|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/11954745.Surgeon_who_helped_rock_stars_kick_drugs/|title=Surgeon who helped rock stars kick drugs|website=HeraldScotland|date=10 August 2002 |language=en|access-date=2018-06-11}}) was a Scottish surgeon and medical missionary in India and Hong Kong. She claimed to be able to treat drug addiction using electric shocks, something she called "neuro-electric therapy" (NET). The reputation gained by NET was based on celebrity endorsements, but there is no evidence that it is an effective treatment.{{cite journal |author=Sattuar O |journal=New Scientist |title=Cross currents in treating addiction |page=57 |date=16 January 1986 |issue=1491 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FcMOY6UfgaoC&pg=PA57}}{{citation |vauthors=Fingleton M, Matheson CI |date=December 2012 |title=NeuroElectric Therapy in Opiate Detoxification |type=Review}} – excerpted at [http://www.hello.nhs.uk/documents/lit_search_archive/2013/Electro%20Stimulation%20Therapy%20for%20Opioid%20Withdrawal-%20Archive.pdf Health Libraries in Lincolnshire Online]

Early life and education

Margaret Angus Ingram was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1922. The daughter of Alexander Ingram, she was the youngest of five children.{{Cite news|title=Eastern touch at Aberdeen wedding|date=12 September 1953|work=Aberdeen Evening Express}} Patterson started medical school at 21 during World War II, and qualified as a member Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons when she was 25, the only woman in the group.{{cite journal|last1=Patterson|first1=Lorne|title=Margaret Angus Patterson (nee Ingram)|journal=BMJ|date=7 September 2002|volume=325|issue=7363|pages=550|doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7363.550|pmc=1124070}}

Career

Patterson went to India as a medical missionary. While in India she met George Patterson in Kalimpong and they married in 1953; the couple were committed Christians. George Patterson had become famous through his involvement with the Dalai Lama, and his reporting on the 1959 Tibetan uprising and the subsequent events in China's annexation of Tibet.{{cite news|title=Obituary: George Patterson|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/medicine-obituaries/9799200/George-Patterson.html|accessdate=21 September 2017|work=Daily Telegraph|date=13 January 2013}} For her work establishing and expanding clinics in India she was awarded the MBE in 1961.

In 1964, she moved to Hong Kong with her husband, where she was appointed surgeon-in-charge at Tung Wah Hospital. They remained in Hong Kong until 1973.

In 1972, other doctors in Hong Kong, H.L. Wen and S.Y.C. Cheung, published their work on electroacupuncture for treatment of addiction. Patterson adopted their method, developing a technique called "neuro-electric therapy" (NET), replacing the acupuncture needles with electrodes, making this a form of cranial electrotherapy stimulation.{{cite journal|last1=Guleyupoglu|first1=B|last2=Schestatsky|first2=P|last3=Edwards|first3=D|last4=Fregni|first4=F|last5=Bikson|first5=M|title=Classification of methods in transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and evolving strategy from historical approaches to contemporary innovations.|journal=Journal of Neuroscience Methods|date=15 October 2013|volume=219|issue=2|pages=297–311|doi=10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.07.016|pmid=23954780|pmc=3833074}}{{cite book|last1=Platt|first1=Jerome J.|title=Cocaine Addiction: Theory, Research, and Treatment|date=2000|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674001787|page=242|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5tZqyz2i-cwC&pg=PA242|language=en}} On returning to the UK she and her husband collaborated to popularise the technique, which became popular with rock and pop stars.{{cite magazine|last1=Norton|first1=Quinn|title=Neuroelectric Therapy: Addiction cure or quakery?|url=https://www.wired.com/2007/03/neuroelectric_t/|magazine=Wired|date=20 March 2007}}{{cite news|title=Howson backs electric heroin cure|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/howson-backs-electric-heroin-cure-1-1418078|work=The Scotsman|date=24 December 2006|language=en}}

The medical and scientific community was skeptical about the technique. Patterson found herself building clinics with minimal funding, much as she had in India.

In 1974, Patterson treated Eric Clapton for heroin addiction.{{Cite web|last=Burnside|first=Anna|date=2020-05-10|title=Scots doctor's pioneering treatment helped rock stars kick their addictions|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/new-documentary-sheds-light-electric-22001946|access-date=2021-01-19|website=Daily Record|language=en}}

In 1976, Patterson set up a clinic in Broadhurst Manor, East Sussex, funded by the Robert Stigwood Organisation. Donors misleadingly marketed the clinic as "a cure for heroin addiction", which it was not. In 1981, funding ran out and she moved the clinic to California.{{cite book|title=Waiting for the Man: The Story of Drugs and Popular Music|last=Shapiro|first=Harry|publisher=Quartet Books|year=1988|isbn=0-688-08961-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/waitingformansto00shap/page/234 234]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/waitingformansto00shap/page/234}}

A 1986 article in New Scientist said that the medical establishment viewed Patterson as a quack for trying to remove addiction with tiny electrical currents, and that one clinical trial found it to be ineffective. People magazine said there was "disbelief and even hostility from Britain's medical establishment and from the US medical world".{{Cite journal |last=Reed |first=Susan |date=11 August 1986 |title=Britain's Dr. Meg Patterson Helps Jolt Boy George Out of His Heroin Habit |url=http://people.com/archive/britains-dr-meg-patterson-helps-jolt-boy-george-out-of-his-heroin-habit-vol-26-no-6/ |journal=People |volume=26 |issue=6 |access-date=12 October 2017}}

Death and legacy

In 1999, Patterson had a major stroke a week after opening a clinic in Tijuana. In 2001, she and her husband returned to Scotland, where she died on 25 July 2002. She was survived by her husband, a daughter, two sons, and five grandchildren.

Her husband and one of her sons, Lorne, continued marketing the NET technique. As of 2012, evidence reviewed within NHS Scotland found no substantial evidence that neuro-electric therapy was helpful in treating opiate addiction.