Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg

Born the son of Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg (who was of Huguenot descent), and Johanna Elizabeth de Schomberg (née von Schönberg), Meinhardt Schomberg joined his father in the service of the English Expeditionary brigade to Portugal and served as a lieutenant-colonel and then as a colonel.{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/24825?docPos=9 |title=Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/24825|access-date=13 May 2012}} He then settled in La Rochelle with his father and became a French subject. He attained the rank of brigadier and, afterwards, maréchal de camp (major general), during the Franco-Dutch War in 1678. He fought under Marshal François de Créquy at the Battle of Kochersburg in October 1677, the Battle of Freiburg im Breisgau on 14 November 1677, at the Battle of Rheinfelden in July 1678 and at the Battle of Kinzing later that month, before serving under Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg as a general of cavalry.

He travelled to England in Spring 1689 and was made colonel of Lord Cavendish's Regiment of Horse on 10 April 1690{{cite web|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/britishcavalry/7dg.htm|title=7th Dragoon Guards|publisher=British Empire|access-date=13 May 2012}} and commissioned a general of the horse on 19 April 1690.

He served under his father during the Williamite War in Ireland, fighting against the Jacobite Irish Army. Frederick Schomberg was second in command of William's army at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690.{{cite web|url=http://www.grandorangelodge.co.uk/parades/schomberg_house.html|title=Schomberg House|publisher=The Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland|access-date=13 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903060354/http://www.grandorangelodge.co.uk/parades/schomberg_house.html|archive-date=3 September 2011}} Meanwhile, Meinhardt Schomberg commanded the right wing of William's army during the battle and led the crucial crossing of the River Boyne at Roughgrange near Rosnaree{{cite web|url=http://www.rossnaree.ie/history|title=Rosnaree: history|access-date=13 May 2012}} on the Jacobites' flank, the turning point in the confrontation, despite a gallant defence by Sir Neil O'Neill, a Jacobite general.{{cite web|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/ulster/vol4chap7.htm|title=The Battle of the Boyne|publisher=Electric Scotland|access-date=13 May 2012}} Schomberg then engaged in a pursuit of the retreating troops towards Duleek: there were no casualties amongst his regiment's soldiers. Schomberg's father died during the latter stages of the Battle which resulted in a decisive Williamite victory.

{{anchor|Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg#Naturalization of Meinhardt, Duke of Leinster Act 1691}}

{{Infobox UK legislation

| short_title = Naturalization of Meinhardt, Duke of Leinster Act 1691

| type = Act

| parliament = Parliament of England

| long_title = An Act for naturalizing of Mainhardt Duke of Leinster, and others.

| year = 1691

| citation = 3 Will. & Mar. c. 24

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| royal_assent = 24 February 1692

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Meinhardt Schomberg was created Duke of Leinster for his part in the Battle on 30 June 1690Noble, p.180 and, after taking part in the abortive Siege of Limerick in August 1690, he became a British subject through naturalization by Act of Parliament on 25 April 1691.Cruickshank, p.498 From May 1691 he was also made Commander-in-Chief of the Forces during the King's travels in Flanders. In Spring 1693 Schomberg was placed in command of the abortive descent on Saint-Malo and in October 1693 he inherited the title of Duke of Schomberg following the death of his younger brother Charles Schomberg at the Battle of Marsaglia. In 1698 he moved into Schomberg House, a new mansion specially commissioned for him on the south side of Pall Mall, London.{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage-explorer.co.uk/web/he/searchdetail.aspx?id=8372&start=1&crit=artist|title=Schomberg House, Pall Mall, Westminster, Greater London|publisher=Heritage Explorer|access-date=13 May 2012}}

In 1703, he was created Knight of the Garter{{cite web|url=http://www.europeanheraldry.org/knights_1714.html|title=Knights of the Garter at the accession of George I in 1714|publisher=European Heraldry|access-date=13 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429015515/http://www.europeanheraldry.org/knights_1714.html|archive-date=29 April 2012}} and Queen Anne appointed him Commander-in-Chief of the British forces sent to Portugal for the War of the Spanish Succession. Once in Portugal Schomberg was ineffective, simply allowing the Spanish General Tserclaes de Tilly to pass by unchallenged. Moreover, Schomberg had a dreadful temper which attracted universal disgust: neither Peter II, King of Portugal, nor Charles, claimant to the throne of Spain, were prepared to accept his turbulent behaviour and he was sent home in disgrace.

Meinhardt Schomberg had an interest in naval matters and registered a patent concerning inspecting the fishing for wrecks.Shaw, p.509-518 He commissioned the construction of Hillingdon House in 1717 as his hunting lodgeSherwood, p.97 and died there on {{OldStyleDate|16 July|1719|5 July}}. He had no surviving male issue so all of his titles (Duke of Schomberg, Duke of Leinster, Marquess of Harwich, Earl of Brentford, Earl of Bangor, Baron Teyes and Count of Mértola) except Count of Mértola died with him.

The town of Schomberg, Ontario was renamed to commemorate the 3rd Duke of Schomberg in 1862.{{cite web|url=http://www.ruralroutes.com/6609.html|title=Schomberg|publisher=Rural Routes|access-date=13 May 2012}}

File:Hillingdon House - June 2011.jpg

On 3 August 1667 Schomberg married Piedmontese Barbara Luisa Rizzi in La Rochelle.{{Cite web |title=Biography of Meinrad II von Schoenburg, 1st Duke of Leinster, etc. (1641-1719) |url=http://brigittegastelancestry.com/royal/bio/meinrad2schoenburgbio.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923065223/http://brigittegastelancestry.com/royal/bio/meinrad2schoenburgbio.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=23 September 2022 |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=brigittegastelancestry.com}} The couple did not have any children, although some sources suggest that shortly after the marriage he abandoned his wife when she was seven months pregnant after she refused to divorce.

On 4 January 1682 Schomberg married for the second time, to Raugravine Caroline Elisabeth (a daughter of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine) and together they had four children:

• Charles Louis Schomberg, Marquess of Harwich (15 December 1683 – 14 October 1713), died from tuberculosis.{{London Gazette|issue=5162|page=2|date=6 October 1713}}
• Lady Caroline Schomberg (1686 – 18 June 1710)
• Lady Frederica Schomberg (c. 1688–1751) married (1) Robert Darcy, 3rd Earl of Holderness, and (2) Benjamin Mildmay, 1st Earl FitzWalter
• Lady Mary Schomberg (bap. 16 March 1692 – 29 April 1762) married Christoph Martin von Degenfeld-Schonburg

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{{reflist}}

• {{cite book|title=The House of Commons, 1690–1715, Volume 1|last=Cruickshank|first=Eveline|publisher=Cambridge|year=2002|isbn= 0-521-77221-4}}
• {{cite book|title=A biographical history of England, from the Revolution to the end of George I's reign|publisher=W. Richardson|last=Noble|first=Mark|year=1806|url=https://archive.org/details/abiographicalhi02noblgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/abiographicalhi02noblgoog/page/n191 179]|quote=Meinhardt schomberg.}}
• {{cite book|title=Index of persons and Places: S', Calendar of Treasury Books, Volume 14: 1698–1699|last=Shaw|first=William|year=1934| url= http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=83036}}
• {{cite book|title=Around Uxbridge Past & Present |last=Sherwood |first=Philip |year=2007 |publisher=Sutton Publishing |location=Stroud |isbn=978-0-7509-4794-7}}

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{{s-ttl| title=Duke of Leinster| years=1691–1719}}

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{{succession box | title=Count of Mértola | before=Frederick Schomberg | after=Frederica Darcy | years=1690–1719}}

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Category:1641 births

Category:1719 deaths

Category:English generals

Category:British Army generals

Category:Counts of Mértola

Category:English people of German descent

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101

Category:Peers of Ireland created by William III

Category:Garter Knights appointed by Anne

Category:Williamite military personnel of the Williamite War in Ireland

Category:Dutch generals