Meridian Lossless Packing
{{Short description|Audio file format}}
Image:AdvancedResolution logo.svg
Meridian Lossless Packing, also known as Packed PCM (PPCM),{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}} is a lossless compression technique for PCM audio data developed by Meridian Audio, Ltd. MLP is the standard lossless compression method for DVD-Audio content{{cite web |title=It's Official: DVD-Audio Version 1.0 Finally Set |url=https://www.stereophile.com/news/10379/index.html |website=Stereophile |access-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040825103643/https://www.stereophile.com/news/10379/index.html |archive-date=25 August 2004 |date=14 February 1999}} (often advertised with the Advanced Resolution logo) and typically provides about 1.5:1 compression on most music material. All DVD-Audio players are equipped with MLP decoding,{{cite press release |date=27 February 1999 |title=MLP mandatory for DVD-Audio players |url=https://www.meridian-audio.info/public/mlp_pr_11%5B2522%5D.pdf |location=Huntingdon |publisher=Meridian Audio |access-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512105007/https://www.meridian-audio.info/public/mlp_pr_11[2522].pdf |archive-date=12 May 2021}} while its use on the discs themselves is at their producers' discretion.
Dolby TrueHD, used in Archival Disc Blu-ray and HD DVD, employs the MLP codec, but compared with DVD-Audio, adds higher bit rates, 32 full-range channels, extensive metadata, and custom speaker placements (as specified by SMPTE).
Dolby Laboratories.
[https://developer.dolby.com/globalassets/technology/dolby-truehd/dolbytruehdhighlevelbitstreamdescription.pdf "Dolby TrueHD (MLP) high-level bitstream description"].
2018 p. 6.
Standard DVD has a maximum transfer rate of 9.6 Mbit/s, around 70 percent of the bit rate needed to store 6 uncompressed audio channels of 24-bit/96 kHz. Should MLP not be able to compress the stream below the maximum transfer rate – or in case there is a need to reduce the size to fit overall disc capacity – it can exploit (lossy) pre-quantification zeroing out least significant bits when necessary.
[http://www.hometheaterhifi.com/volume_8_4/dvd-benchmark-part-6-dvd-audio-11-2001.html#Meridian%20Lossless%20Packing%20(MLP)%20in%20a%20Nutshell Meridian Lossless Packing (MLP) in a Nutshell].
[https://web.archive.org/web/20010810061610/http://www.meridian-audio.com/w_paper/mlp_jap_new.PDF "MLP Lossless Compression"] by Bob Stuart of Meridian Audio, Ltd.
[https://web.archive.org/web/20000820182419/http://www.meridian-audio.com/ara/ara13.pdf "A Proposal for the High-Quality Audio Application of High-Density CD Carriers"] proposal by Bob Stuart, 1996, Table 3. The MLP stream can also contain "substreams", like surround and stereo downmix, which need not be of the same bit depth or sampling frequency – this further enables (lossy) pre-processing to save space. TrueHD streams cannot do this[https://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Meridian_Lossless_Packing MLP on MultimediaWiki] (likely because Blu-Ray discs have higher storage capacity).
MLP is streamable: A decoder can pick up the stream and start decoding from that point on nearly instantly, where the encoder has inserted a "restart block" in the stream.Dolby Laboratories 2018, section 2.4 Typically, restart information is inserted approximately every 5 ms in the audio,
Robert C. Maher.
[https://www.montana.edu/rmaher/publications/maher_lossless_chapter_2003.pdf "Lossless Compression of Audio Data"].
p. 266. about the same as a typical 96 kHz FLAC stream.