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Messier 105

{{short description|Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Leo}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}

{{Infobox Galaxy

| name = Messier 105

| image = Messier105 - HST - Potw1901a.jpg

| image_size = 300px

| caption = M105, as viewed by the HST;
Credit: NASA/ESA

| epoch = J2000

| ra = {{RA|10|47|49.600}}

| dec = {{DEC|+12|34|53.87}}

| group_cluster = Leo I Group

| constellation name = Leo

| z =

| h_radial_v = {{Val|908|u=km/s}}

| dist_ly = {{Convert|11.22|Mpc|Mly|order=flip|abbr=on|lk=on}}

| type = E1

| appmag_v = 9.3{{cite web |url=https://messier.seds.org/m/m105.html |title=Messier 105 |access-date=30 April 2022 |website=SEDS Messier Catalog}}

| size_v = {{nowrap|5′.4 × 4′.8}}

| notes =

| names = M105, NGC 3379, PGC 32256, UGC 5902

}}

Messier 105 or M105, also known as NGC 3379, is an elliptical galaxy 36.6 million light-years away in the equatorial constellation of Leo. It is the biggest elliptical galaxy in the Messier catalogue that is not in the Virgo cluster.{{cite web |last1=Garner |first1=Rob |title=Messier 105 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/messier-105 |website=NASA |access-date=5 October 2021 |date=6 October 2017}} It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781, just a few days after he discovered the nearby galaxies Messier 95 and Messier 96.{{efn|Object found: on 24 March}} This galaxy is one of a few not object-verified by Messier so omitted in the editions of his Catalogue of his era. It was appended when Helen S. Hogg found a letter by Méchain locating and describing this object which matched those aspects under its first-published name, NGC 3379.

It has a morphological classification of E1, indicating a standard elliptical galaxy with a flattening of 10%. The major axis is aligned along a position angle of 71°. Isophotes of the galaxy are near perfect ellipses, twisting no more than 5° out of alignment, with changes in ellipticity of no more than 0.06. There is no fine structure apparent in the isophotes, such as ripples. Observation of giant stars in the halo indicate there are two general populations: a dominant metal-rich subpopulation and a weaker metal-poor group.

Messier 105 is known to have a supermassive black hole at its core whose mass is estimated to be between {{Val|1.4|e=8}} and {{Val|2|e=8|ul=solar mass}}. The galaxy has a weak active galactic nucleus of the LINER type with a spectral class of L2/T2, meaning no broad Hα line and intermediate emission line ratios between a LINER and a H II region. The galaxy also contains a few young stars and stellar clusters, suggesting some elliptical galaxies still form new stars, but very slowly.

This galaxy, along with its companion the barred lenticular galaxy NGC 3384, is surrounded by an enormous ring of neutral hydrogen with a radius of {{Convert|200|kpc|kly|abbr=off}} and a mass of {{Val|1.8|e=9|ul=solar mass}} where star formation has been detected. Messier 105 is one of several galaxies within the M96 Group (also known as the Leo I Group), a group of galaxies in the constellation Leo, the other Messier objects of which are M95 and M96. It is one of the richest group of galaxies in the Local Volume, and unlike the Local Group, it is dominated by not one but several galaxies.

See also

References and footnotes

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite simbad | title=M 105 | access-date=2009-12-19}}

{{cite web

| title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database

| work=Results for M105

| url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/

| access-date=2006-11-16 }}

{{cite journal

| title=Spectral Energy Distributions of Weak Active Galactic Nuclei Associated with Low-Ionization Nuclear Emission Regions

| last1=Eracleous | first1=Michael | last2=Hwang | first2=Jason A.

| last3=Flohic | first3=Hélène M. L. G. | display-authors=1

| journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement

| volume=187 | issue=1 | pages=135–148 | date=March 2010

| doi=10.1088/0067-0049/187/1/135

| bibcode=2010ApJS..187..135E | arxiv=1001.2924 | s2cid=118600750 }}

{{citation

| title=The intrinsic shape of NGC 3379

| last1=Statler | first1=Thomas S.

| journal=The Astronomical Journal

| volume=108 | issue=1 | pages=111–127 | date=July 1994

| doi=10.1086/117050 | bibcode=1994AJ....108..111S }}

{{cite journal

| title=Dual Stellar Halos in the Standard Elliptical Galaxy M105 and Formation of Massive Early-type Galaxies

| last1=Lee | first1=Myung Gyoon | last2=Jang | first2=In Sung

| journal=The Astrophysical Journal

| volume=822 | issue=2 | id=70 | pages=17 | date=May 2016

| doi=10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/70

| bibcode=2016ApJ...822...70L | arxiv=1601.06798 | s2cid=118372642 | doi-access=free }}

{{citation

| last1=Tian | first1=Yong | last2=Ko | first2=Chung-Ming

| title=Dynamics of elliptical galaxies with planetary nebulae in modified Newtonian dynamics

| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

| volume=462 | issue=1 | pages=1092–1100 | date=October 2016

| doi=10.1093/mnras/stw1697 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2016MNRAS.462.1092T

| arxiv=1606.06815 | s2cid=118600624 }}

{{citation

| last1=Tully | first1=R. Brent | last2=Courtois | first2=Hélène M.

| last3=Sorce | first3=Jenny G. | display-authors=1

| title=Cosmicflows-3 | journal=The Astronomical Journal

| volume=152 | issue=2 | id=50 | pages=21 | date=August 2016

| doi=10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50 | bibcode=2016AJ....152...50T

| arxiv=1605.01765 | s2cid=250737862 | postscript=. | doi-access=free }}

{{cite journal |doi=10.1086/498708 |last1=Skrutskie |first1=Michael F. |last2=Cutri |first2=Roc M. |last3=Stiening |first3=Rae |last4=Weinberg |first4=Martin D. |last5=Schneider |first5=Stephen E. |last6=Carpenter |first6=John M. |last7=Beichman |first7=Charles A. |last8=Capps |first8=Richard W. |last9=Chester |first9=Thomas |last10=Elias |first10=Jonathan H. |last11=Huchra |first11=John P. |last12=Liebert |first12=James W. |last13=Lonsdale |first13=Carol J. |last14=Monet |first14=David G. |last15=Price |first15=Stephan |last16=Seitzer |first16=Patrick |last17=Jarrett |first17=Thomas H. |last18=Kirkpatrick |first18=J. Davy |last19=Gizis |first19=John E. |last20=Howard |first20=Elizabeth V. |last21=Evans |first21=Tracey E. |last22=Fowler |first22=John W. |last23=Fullmer |first23=Linda |last24=Hurt |first24=Robert L. |last25=Light |first25=Robert M. |last26=Kopan |first26=Eugene L. |last27=Marsh |first27=Kenneth A. |last28=McCallon |first28=Howard L. |last29=Tam |first29=Robert |last30=Van Dyk |first30=Schuyler D. |last31=Wheelock |first31=Sherry L. |title=The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) |journal=The Astronomical Journal |date=1 February 2006 |volume=131 |issue=2 |pages=1163–1183 |bibcode=2006AJ....131.1163S |s2cid=18913331 |issn=0004-6256 |doi-access=free }}

{{cite book

| first1=K. G. | last1=Jones

| date=1991 | edition=2nd

| title=Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters

| publisher=Cambridge University Press

| isbn=978-0-521-37079-0 }}

{{cite journal

| last1=Shapiro | first1=Kristen L. | last2=Cappellari | first2=Michele

| last3=de Zeeuw | first3=Tim | last4=McDermid | first4=Richard M.

| last5=Gebhardt | first5=Karl | last6=van den Bosch | first6=Remco C. E.

| last7=Statler | first7=Thomas S. | display-authors=1

| title=The black hole in NGC 3379: a comparison of gas and stellar dynamical mass measurements with HST and integral-field data

| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

| volume=370 | issue=2 | pages=559–579 | date=2006

| bibcode=2006MNRAS.370..559S | arxiv=astro-ph/0605479

| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10537.x | doi-access=free | s2cid=16990276 }}

{{cite journal

| last1=Ford | first1=Alyson | last2=Bregman | first2=J. N.

| title=Detection of Ongoing, Low-Level Star Formation in Nearby Ellipticals

| journal=American Astronomical Society

| date=2012 | volume=219 | pages=102–03

| bibcode=2012AAS...21910203F }}

{{cite book

| first1=R. B. | last1=Tully | date=1988

| title=Nearby Galaxies Catalog

| publisher=Cambridge University Press

| isbn=978-0-521-35299-4 }}

{{cite journal

| first1=P. | last1=Fouque | last2=Gourgoulhon | first2=E.

| last3=Chamaraux | first3=P. | last4=Paturel | first4=G.

| title=Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II – The catalogue of groups and group members

| display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement

| date=1992 | volume=93 | pages=211–233

| bibcode=1992A&AS...93..211F }}

{{cite journal

| first1=A. | last1=Garcia

| title=General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups

| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement

| volume=100 | pages=47–90 | date=1993

| bibcode=1993A&AS..100...47G }}

{{cite journal

| first1=G. | last1=Giuricin | first2=C. | last2=Marinoni

| first3=L. | last3=Ceriani | first4=A. | last4=Pisani

| title=Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups

| display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal

| volume=543 | issue=1 | pages=178–194 | date=2000

| bibcode=2000ApJ...543..178G | doi=10.1086/317070

| arxiv=astro-ph/0001140 | s2cid=9618325 }}

{{cite journal

| last1=Thilker | first1=David A. | last2=Donovan | first2=Jennifer

| last3=Schiminovich | first3=David | last4=Bianchi | first4=Luciana

| last5=Boissier | first5=Samuel | last6=Gil de Paz | first6=Armando

| last7=Madore | first7=Barry F. | last8=Martin | first8=D. Christopher

| last9=Seibert | first9=Mark | display-authors=1

| title=Massive star formation within the Leo 'primordial' ring

| journal=Nature | volume=457

| issue=7232 | pages=990–993 | date=2009

| bibcode=2009Natur.457..990T

| doi=10.1038/nature07780 | pmid=19225520 | s2cid=4424307 }}

{{cite journal|doi=10.1093/mnras/stad593|arxiv=2302.10948 |bibcode=2023MNRAS.521..840K |doi-access=free |title=The pride of lions around Messier 105 |date=2023 |last1=Karachentsev |first1=Igor D. |last2=Kaisina |first2=Elena I. |last3=Karachentseva |first3=Valentina E. |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=521 |pages=840–849 }}

}}

{{notelist}}

External links

{{commons category}}

  • {{WikiSky}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722021440/http://blackholes.stardate.org/directory/factsheet.php?p=M105 "StarDate: M105 Fact Sheet"]
  • [http://messier.seds.org/m/m105.html SEDS: Elliptical Galaxy M105]
  • [http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/opo9701a.html ESA/Hubble image of M105] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930023920/http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/opo9701a.html |date=30 September 2007 }}
  • {{cite web|last=Gray|first=Meghan|title=M105 – Elliptical Galaxy|url=http://www.deepskyvideos.com/videos/messier/M105_elliptical_galaxy.html|work=Deep Sky Videos|publisher=Brady Haran|author2=Merrifield, Michael}}

{{Sky|10|47|49.6|+|12|34|54|32000000}}

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{{Messier objects}}

{{Ngc35}}

Category:Elliptical galaxies

Category:M96 Group

Category:Leo (constellation)

105

Messier 105

05902

32256

17810324

Category:Discoveries by Pierre Méchain