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Messier 49

{{Short description|Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}}

{{Infobox galaxy

| name = Messier 49

| image = 300px

| caption = Galaxy Messier 49 in Virgo

| epoch = J2000

| constellation name = Virgo

| ra = {{RA|12|29|46.7}}

| dec = {{DEC|+08|00|02}}

| size_v = 10.2 × 8.3 moa

| appmag_v = 8.4{{cite web |url=https://messier.seds.org/m/m049.html |title=Messier 49 |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=SEDS Messier Catalog}}

| type = E2, LINER

| h_radial_v = {{val|997|7|u=km/s}}

| z = {{val|0.003326|0.000022}}

| gal_v = {{val|929|7|u=km/s}}

| dist_ly = {{convert|55.9|+/-|2.3|Mly|Mpc|2|lk=on|abbr=on}}

| size = {{convert|47.81|kpc|ly|sigfig=3|abbr=off|lk=on}}
(diameter; 25.0 mag/arcsec2 B-band isophote)

| names = NGC 4472, UGC 7629, PGC 41220, Arp 134

| references = SIMBAD: [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=M49 Search M49]

}}

Messier 49 (also known as M49 or NGC 4472) is a giant elliptical galaxy about {{nowrap|56 million light-years}} away in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. This galaxy was discovered by astronomer Charles Messier in 1777.{{efn|On February 16}}

As an elliptical galaxy, Messier 49 has the physical form of a radio galaxy, but it only has the radio emission of a normal galaxy. From the detected radio emission, the core region has roughly 1053 erg (1046 J or 1022 YJ) of synchrotron energy. The nucleus of this galaxy is emitting X-rays, suggesting the likely presence of a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of {{nowrap|5.65 × 108 solar masses}}, or 565 million times the mass of the Sun ({{solar mass}}).{{efn|As is normal in extra-solar system astronomic general dimensions, these are all mid-range estimates}} X-ray emissions shows a structure to the north of Messier 49 that resembles a bow shock. To the southwest of the core, the luminous outline of the galaxy can be traced out to a distance of 260 kpc.

This galaxy has many globular clusters: estimated to be about 5,900. This is far more than the roughly 200 orbiting the Milky Way, but dwarfed by the 13,450 orbiting the supergiant elliptical galaxy Messier 87. On average, the globular clusters of M49 are about 10 billion years old. Between 2000 and 2009, strong evidence for a stellar mass black hole was discovered in one. A second candidate was announced in 2011.

Messier 49 was the first member of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies to be discovered. It is the most luminous member of that cluster and more luminous than any galaxy closer to the Earth. This galaxy forms part of the smaller Virgo B subcluster 4.5° away from the dynamic center of the Virgo Cluster, centered on Messier 87. Messier 49 is gravitationally interacting with the dwarf irregular galaxy UGC 7636. The dwarf shows a trail of debris spanning roughly 1 × 5 arcminutes, which corresponds to a physical dimension of {{nowrap|6 × 30 kpc}}.

One supernova has been observed in M49: SN 1969Q (type unknown, mag. 13) was discovered by Evans on 12 June 1969.{{cite web | url = http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/IAUCs/IAUC2153.jpg

| title = Circular No. 2153

| last = Marsden

| first = Brian G.

| date = 13 June 1969

| website = Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams

| publisher = Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

| access-date = 2 December 2024

}}{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1969Q | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1969Q | publisher = IAU | access-date=2 December 2024}} [Note: some sources incorrectly report the discovery date as 1 June 1969.]

See also

References and footnotes

{{reflist|refs=

{{citation | title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database | work=Results for NGC 4472 | url= http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=Messier+49&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES| access-date=2006-09-26 | postscript=. }}

{{citation | first1=Robert Bruce | last1=Thompson | first2=Barbara Fritchman | last2=Thompson | title=Illustrated guide to astronomical wonders | series=DIY science | publisher=O'Reilly Media, Inc. | date=2007 | isbn=978-0-596-52685-6 | page=492 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ymt9nj_uPhwC&pg=PA492 | postscript=. }}

{{citation | title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database | work=Results for supernova search near name "NGC 4472" | url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/ | access-date=2007-02-12 | postscript=. }}

{{citation | first1=A. | last1=Sandage | first2=J. | last2=Bedke | date=1994 | title=Carnegie Atlas of Galaxies | publisher=Carnegie Institution of Washington | isbn=978-0-87279-667-6 | postscript=. }}

{{citation | last1=Cohen | first1=Judith G. | last2=Blakeslee | first2=J. P. | last3=Côté | first3=P. | title=The Ages and Abundances of a Sample of Globular Clusters in M49 (NGC 4472) | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=592 | issue=2 | pages=866–883 |date=August 2003 | doi=10.1086/375865 | bibcode=2003ApJ...592..866C | postscript=. |arxiv = astro-ph/0304333 | s2cid=118909977 }}

{{citation | display-authors=1 | first1=R. | last1=Barbon | first2=E. | last2=Cappellaro | first3=F. | last3=Ciatti | first4=M. | last4=Turatto | first5=C. T. | last5=Kowal | date=1984 | title=A revised supernova catalogue | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series | volume=58 | pages=735–750 | bibcode=1984A&AS...58..735B | postscript=. }}

{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Maccarone | first1=Thomas J. | last2=Kundu | first2=Arunav | last3=Zepf | first3=Stephen E. | last4=Rhode | first4=Katherine L. | title=A new globular cluster black hole in NGC 4472 | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=410 | issue=3 | pages=1655–1659 |date=January 2011 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17547.x | doi-access=free | bibcode=2011MNRAS.410.1655M | postscript=. |arxiv = 1008.2896 | s2cid=119089679 }}

{{citation | last1=Irwin | first1=Jimmy A. | last2=Sarazin | first2=Craig L. | title=X-Ray Evidence for the Interaction of the Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4472 with Its Virgo Cluster Environment | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=471 | issue=2 | page=683 |date=November 1996 | doi=10.1086/177998 | bibcode=1996ApJ...471..683I | s2cid=121141029 | postscript=. | doi-access=free }}

{{citation | last1=Ekers | first1=R. D. | last2=Kotanyi | first2=C. G. | title=NGC 4472 – A very weak radio galaxy | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=67 | issue=1 | pages=47–50 |date=June 1978 | bibcode=1978A&A....67...47E | postscript=. }}

{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=McNamara | first1=Brian R. | last2=Sancisi | first2=Renzo | last3=Henning | first3=Patricia A. | last4=Junor | first4=William | title=A violent interaction between the dwarf galaxy UGC 7636 and the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4472 | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=108 | issue=3 | pages=844–850 |date=September 1994 | doi=10.1086/117116 | bibcode=1994AJ....108..844M | postscript=. | doi-access=free }}

{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Loewenstein | first1=Michael | last2=Mushotzky | first2=Richard F. | last3=Angelini | first3=Lorella | last4=Arnaud | first4=Keith A. | last5=Quataert | first5=Eliot | title=Chandra Limits on X-Ray Emission Associated with the Supermassive Black Holes in Three Giant Elliptical Galaxies | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=555 | issue=1 | pages=L21–L24 |date=July 2001 | doi=10.1086/323157 | bibcode=2001ApJ...555L..21L | postscript=. |arxiv = astro-ph/0106326 | s2cid=14873290 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235686 }}

}}

{{notelist}}

External links

  • {{commonscat-inline}}
  • [http://messier.seds.org/m/m049.html SEDS: Elliptical Galaxy M49]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303111252/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16456987/ Black hole found in a star cluster in M49]
  • {{WikiSky}}

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{{Messier objects}}

{{Ngc45}}

{{Sky|12|29|46.7|+|08|00|02|49400000}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Messier 49}}

Messier 049

Messier 049

Messier 049

049

Messier 049

07629

41220

134

17710219

Category:Discoveries by Charles Messier