Mexican mud turtle
{{Short description|Species of turtle}}
{{Distinguish|Rough-footed mud turtle}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Kinosternon integrum 444696523 (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = In Jalisco
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Kinosternon
| species = integrum
| authority = (Le Conte, 1854)
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true|title=List
| Kinosternum integrum LeConte, 1854
| Cinosternum integrum Agassiz, 1857
| Thyrosternum integrum Agassiz, 1857
| Thyrosternon integrum Gray, 1858
| Cinosternon integrum Strauch, 1862
| Kinosternon integrum Müller, 1865
| Swanka integra Gray, 1870
| Cinosternon rostellum Bocourt, 1876
| Cinosternon guanajuatense Dugès, 1888
| Cinosternum rostellum Boulenger, 1889
| Cinosternum scorpioides integrum Siebenrock, 1904
| Kinosternon scorpioides integrum Ahl, 1934
| Kinosternon intergrum Dixon, 1960 (ex errore)
| Cinosetum integrum Gillet, 1995
| Kinosternon ingegrum Rogner, 1996 (ex errore)
}}
}}
The Mexican mud turtle (Kinosternon integrum),Liner, Ernest A. and Gustavo Casas-Andreu. 2008. Standard Spanish, English and scientific names of the amphibians and reptiles of Mexico. Society for the Study Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular 38: iv, 162 pp. (page 157){{ISBN|978-0-916984-75-5}} is a species of mud turtle in the family Kinosternidae. Endemic to Mexico, they inhabit moist environments, such as shallow ponds, lakes, rivers or intermediate temp. tropical forest areas.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}
Distribution
In Mexico, it is found in Aguascalientes, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, México, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas and Zacatecas.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}
File:Kinosternon integrum 410788948.jpg|Guanajuato
File:Kinosternon integrum IrGtMx 03.jpg|Guanajuato
File:Kinosternon integrum 416915370.jpg|Querétaro
File:Plastrón de Kinosternon integrum (Kinosternidae).jpg|Guanajuato
File:Kinosternon integrum - Shell.jpg|Guanajuato
File:Kinosternon integrum IraGtMx 10.jpg|Guanajuato
Reproduction
File:Kinosternon integrum, Mexican Mud Turtle, Tamaulipas.jpg, Mexico.]]
The Mexican mud turtle's nesting season lasts from early May to September, beginning just prior to the summer rainy season.{{Cite journal|last=Iverson|first=John B.|date=1999|title=Reproduction in the Mexican Mud Turtle Kinosternon integrum|journal=Journal of Herpetology|volume=33|issue=1|pages=144–148|doi=10.2307/1565557|issn=0022-1511|jstor=1565557}} A typical clutch size for each female is 2 to 4 eggs, but can range between 1 and 8.{{Cite journal|last1=Casas-Andreu|first1=Gustavo|last2=Aguilar-Miguel|first2=Xochitl S.|last3=Cisneros|first3=Maria de Lourdes Arias|last4=Macip-Ríos|first4=Rodrigo|date=December 2009|title=Population Ecology and Reproduction of the Mexican Mud Turtle (Kinosternon integrum) in Tonatico, Estado de México|journal=Western North American Naturalist|volume=69|issue=4|pages=501–510|doi=10.3398/064.069.0410|s2cid=59423562|issn=1527-0904|url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss4/10|url-access=subscription}}{{Cite journal|last1=Sustaita-Rodríguez|first1=Víctor Hugo|last2=Arias-Cisneros|first2=María de Lourdes|last3=Casas-Andreu|first3=Gustavo|last4=Brauer-Robleda|first4=Pablo|last5=Macip-Ríos|first5=Rodrigo|date=January 2012|title=Evidence for the Morphological Constraint Hypothesis and Optimal Offspring Size Theory in the Mexican Mud Turtle (Kinosternon integrum)|journal=Zoological Science|volume=29|issue=1|pages=60–65|doi=10.2108/zsj.29.60|pmid=22233498|s2cid=15192149|issn=0289-0003}}
Another distinctive feature within the species is the nostrils on male and female turtles. The females have a more rounded nostril and the nostril is more brownish as to yellow like the male.
The Mexican mud turtle is an organism that "bet hedges" meaning that its organism fitness varies depending on the condition it is in. When in a relaxed, every-day state, its fitness levels are low, however when stressed its fitness level increases. Bet hedging affects this organism's reproductive window as well, allowing it to only reproduce every two to three seasons.{{Cite journal|last1=Macip-Ríos|first1=Rodrigo|last2=Cisneros|first2=Maria de Lourdes Arias|last3=Aguilar-Miguel|first3=Xochitl S.|last4=Casas-Andreu|first4=Gustavo|date=December 2009|title=Population Ecology and Reproduction of the Mexican Mud Turtle (Kinosternon integrum) in Tonatico, Estado de México|journal=Western North American Naturalist|volume=69|issue=4|pages=501–510|doi=10.3398/064.069.0410|s2cid=59423562|issn=1527-0904|url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss4/10|url-access=subscription}}
Diet
Mexican mud turtles are omnivores. Some of the plants consumed include: Filamentous algae, grass seeds, guava seeds, etcetera. Some of the animals consumed include: Ants, wasps, bees, etcetera. It has been found that during the dry seasons, females tend to eat more plant matter than males.{{Cite journal|last1=Macip-Ríos|first1=Rodrigo|last2=Sustaita-Rodríguez|first2=Victor|last3=Barrios-Quiroz|first3=Gabriel|last4=Casas-Andreu|first4=Gustavo|date=December 2009|title=Population Ecology and Reproduction of the Mexican Mud Turtle (Kinosternon integrum) in Tonatico, Estado de México|journal=Chelonian Conservation and Biology|volume=9|issue=1|pages=90–97|doi=10.2744/CCB-0782.1|s2cid=85867435 |url=https://www.academia.edu/1444736}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Sources
- Le Conte, 1854: [https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofac07acaduoft "Description of four new species of Kinosternum"]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 7: 180–190.
- {{cite journal|jstor=1565557|title=Reproduction in the Mexican Mud Turtle Kinosternon integrum|journal=Journal of Herpetology|volume=33|issue=1|pages=144–148|last1=Iverson|first1=John B.|year=1999|doi=10.2307/1565557}}
- {{cite journal|doi=10.3398/064.069.0410|title=Population Ecology and Reproduction of the Mexican Mud Turtle (Kinosternon integrum) in Tonatico, Estado de México|journal=Western North American Naturalist|volume=69|issue=4|pages=501–510|year=2009|last1=Macip-Ríos|first1=Rodrigo|last2=Cisneros|first2=Maria de Lourdes Arias|last3=Aguilar-Miguel|first3=Xochitl S.|last4=Casas-Andreu|first4=Gustavo|s2cid=59423562|url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol69/iss4/10|url-access=subscription}}
- {{cite journal|doi=10.2744/CCB-1305.1|title=Ecological Observations of the Mexican Mud Turtle (Kinosternon integrum) in the Pátzcuaro Basin, Michoacán, México|journal=Chelonian Conservation and Biology|volume=17|issue=2|pages=284|year=2018|last1=Aparicio|first1=Ángeles|last2=Mercado|first2=Ivette Enríquez|last3=Ugalde|first3=Alejandro Montiel|last4=Gaona-Murillo|first4=Eder|last5=Butterfield|first5=Taggert|last6=Macip-Ríos|first6=Rodrigo|s2cid=92499132}}
- {{cite journal|doi=10.2744/CCB-0782.1|title=Alimentary Habits of the Mexican Mud Turtle (Kinosternon integrum) in Tonatico, Estado de México|journal=Chelonian Conservation and Biology|volume=9|pages=90–97|year=2010|last1=Macip-Ríos|first1=Rodrigo|last2=Sustaita-Rodríguez|first2=Víctor Hugo|last3=Barrios-Quiroz|first3=Gabriel|last4=Casas-Andreu|first4=Gustavo|s2cid=85867435}}
- Macip-Ríos, Rodrigo & Zuñiga Vega, Jaime & Brauer Robleda, Pablo & Casas-Andreu, Gustavo (2011). "Demography of two populations of the Mexican mud turtle (Kinosternon integrum) in central Mexico". Herpetological Journal. 21.
{{Kinosternidae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2009022}}
Category:Turtles of North America
Category:Endemic reptiles of Mexico
Category:Least concern biota of Mexico
Category:Reptiles described in 1854
Category:Taxa named by John Eatton Le Conte
{{Turtle-stub}}