Michael Pack

Pack was born in New York City. He attended Yale University from Fall 1972 to Fall 1973, but did not graduate. From Fall 1974 to Spring 1975, Pack studied English at UC Berkeley. School records show that he withdrew without obtaining a degree.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} Pack attended New York University in the Summer of 1975 as a visiting student.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

Early in his career, Pack worked for Radiotelevisione Italiana and the U.S. Information Agency.{{cite web|title=Michael Pack|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/author/michael-pack|website=Huffington Post|accessdate=June 3, 2017}} He founded Manifold Productions, Inc., an independent film production company, in 1977. Through Manifold Productions, Pack has written, directed and produced 13 documentary films on a range of topics.{{Cite web|url=http://www.manifoldproductions.com/films.html|title=Manifold Productions - Films|website=www.manifoldproductions.com|access-date=2020-02-11}}

In 1993, Pack served as Co-Chair of the International TV Council at the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. In 2002, President Bush nominated and the Senate confirmed Pack to serve on the National Council on the Humanities, which oversees the National Endowment for the Humanities.{{Cite web|url=https://www.neh.gov/news/press-release/2002-08-06-0|title=National Endowment for the Humanities Advisory Board Gains Five New Members|website=National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH)|language=en|access-date=2020-02-11}} He served from July 2002 to February 2005. From 2003 to 2006, Pack served as Senior Vice President for Television Programming at the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.{{Cite web|url=https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/cpb/cpb0304pack.html|title=Current.org {{!}} Michael Pack named CPB program chief, 2003|website=current.org|access-date=2020-02-11}}

From 2015 to 2017, Pack served as President and CEO of the Claremont Institute in Upland, California, and Publisher of its Claremont Review of Books.{{Cite web|url=https://www.claremont.org/scholar-bio/michael-pack/|title=Claremont Institute {{!}} Recovering the American Idea|website=www.claremont.org|access-date=2020-02-11}}

Pack has collaborated with Stephen Bannon, a former Trump advisor and co-founder of the conservative website Breitbart News. In 2019, Pack produced and directed a documentary about the Supreme Court justice Clarence Thomas.

In January 2021, District of Columbia Attorney General Karl Racine sued Public Media Lab and Manifold Productions, alleging that they funneled $4.1 million in tax-protected nonprofit funds to Pack.{{Cite news|title=Voice of America CEO Accused Of Fraud, Misuse of Office All in One Week|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/01/08/953999556/voice-of-america-ceo-accused-of-fraud-misuse-of-office-all-in-one-week|access-date=2021-01-09|website=NPR News|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=AG Racine Sues Public Media Lab and Manifold Productions for Funneling Over $4 Million in Nonprofit Funds to Michael Pack|url=https://oag.dc.gov/release/ag-racine-sues-public-media-lab-and-manifold|access-date=2021-01-09|website=oag.dc.gov}} A settlement was reached in August 2022 with the production company transferring $210,000 back to the nonprofit which then distributed the restitution funds to nonprofit entities and dissolved.{{Cite web |last=Wyllie |first=Julian |date=2022-08-31 |title=Michael Pack settles lawsuit over use of donations, agrees to pay restitution and dissolve nonprofit |url=https://current.org/2022/08/michael-pack-settles-lawsuit-over-use-of-nonprofit-donations-agrees-to-pay-restitution-and-dissolve-public-media-lab/ |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=Current |language=en-US}}

File:MPack hearing closeup.jpg

In 2016, President Barack Obama signed legislation abolishing the Broadcasting Board of Governors, the independent oversight board that had previously controlled several government-sponsored media agencies, including Voice of America and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.{{cite news |title=Obama Signs New Law Restructuring U.S. International Media |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/obama-signs-law-restructuring-us-international-media-voa-rferl-board-governors/28194511.html |access-date=December 11, 2020 |work=RFE/RL |date=December 24, 2016}} The role of the board was replaced by a single agency executive appointed by the White House augmented by advisory boards with no decision-making powers.

In June 2018, the White House announced that President Donald Trump intended to nominate Pack as the chief executive officer of the U.S. Agency for Global Media,{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-to-nominate-michael-pack-as-next-bbg-ceo/4422155.html |publisher=NPR News |title=Trump to Nominate Michael Pack as Next BBG CEO |date=June 3, 2018 |quote=President Donald Trump plans to nominate conservative filmmaker and documentarian Michael Pack as the next head of the Broadcasting Board of Governors, the White House says. |access-date=June 5, 2018}} making him the first CEO nominated to head the newly created USAGM since the 2016 reforms.{{cite news |last1=Buble |first1=Courtney |title=Global Media Agency CEO Revokes Regulation Clarifying 'Firewall' Protecting Journalistic Integrity |url=https://www.govexec.com/management/2020/10/global-media-agency-ceo-revokes-regulation-clarifying-firewall-protecting-journalistic-integrity/169596/ |access-date=December 11, 2020 |work=Government Executive Magazine |date=October 27, 2020}}

Pack's first confirmation hearing took place on September 19, 2019.{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/20/trump-nominee-michael-pack-used-nonprofit-donations-to-fund-media-firm.html|title=Trump's nominee to lead federal media agency funded a private company with donations from his nonprofit|first=Brian|last=Schwartz|date=September 20, 2019|work=CNBC}} On May 8, 2020, Senator Jim Risch moved to schedule a committee confirmation hearing for Pack for the following week.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/08/us/politics/michael-pack-voa.html|title=With Push From Trump, Senate Moves to Install Contentious Filmmaker at U.S. Media Agency|first1=Catie|last1=Edmondson|first2=Edward|last2=Wong|date=May 8, 2020|work=The New York Times}} Pack's nomination was contentious, with critics arguing that the mission of VOA would be compromised by installing a CEO whom they considered a conservative partisan.

On May 12, 2020, Democratic Senator Robert Menendez raised with District of Columbia Attorney General Karl Racine the question of whether Pack unlawfully directed funds from the non-profit charitable organization he ran – Public Media Lab – to his profit-making company Manifold Productions. According to CNBC, at least $1.6 million in donations received by the nonprofit had been sent to Manifold. In response, Racine indicated that he initiated an investigation.{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/did-trumps-pick-to-lead-the-voa-misuse-nonprofit-funds-dcs-ag-is-on-it/2020/05/15/e7926e64-95f9-11ea-82b4-c8db161ff6e5_story.html|date=2020-05-15|access-date=2020-05-15|title=Did Trump's pick to lead the VOA misuse nonprofit funds? D.C.'s AG is on it|first=Colbert|last=King|newspaper=The Washington Post}} A request by Democratic members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee to delay a vote until the investigation was complete was overruled by Risch, with the committee recommending Pack's nomination on a 12-10 party-line vote.{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Seung Min |title=Senate committee approves nominee to oversee U.S. media agency criticized by Trump |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/micahel-pack-voice-of-america-senate-foreign-relatoins/2020/05/21/3a93851c-9b77-11ea-ac72-3841fcc9b35f_story.html |access-date=December 11, 2020 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=May 21, 2020}}

The Senate invoked cloture on Pack's nomination on June 4, 2020, by a vote of 53–39,{{Cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=116&session=2&vote=00112|title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 116th Congress - 2nd Session|website=www.senate.gov}} and it confirmed him the same day{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-broadcasting-idUSKBN23B337|title=Republican-led Senate confirms divisive Trump broadcasting nominee Pack|date=June 4, 2020|work=Reuters}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/04/us/politics/senate-confirms-michael-pack-voa.html|title=Senate Confirms Conservative Filmmaker to Lead U.S. Media Agency|first=Catie|last=Edmondson|date=June 4, 2020|work=The New York Times}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/senate-confirms-trump-nominee-to-lead-agency-overseeing-voa-despite-investigation/2020/06/04/05765cf8-a606-11ea-bb20-ebf0921f3bbd_story.html|title=Senate confirms Trump nominee to lead agency overseeing VOA despite investigation|first=Donna|last=Cassata|newspaper=Washington Post}}{{Cite news|url=https://apnews.com/89038a2e403eae3c5b2f72c1468117ec|title=Senate confirms Trump's pick to lead Voice of America|date=June 4, 2020|work=AP News}} by a vote of 53–38.{{Cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=116&session=2&vote=00113|title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 116th Congress - 2nd Session|website=www.senate.gov}}

Pack assumed office over a week after his confirmation partially so his office could be swept for covert listening devices.{{cite news |last1=Ellison |first1=Sarah | title=How Trump's obsessions with media and loyalty coalesced in a battle for Voice of America |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/media/how-trumps-obsessions-with-media-and-loyalty-coalesced-in-a-battle-for-voice-of-america/2020/06/19/f57dcfe0-b1b1-11ea-8758-bfd1d045525a_story.html | date=June 19, 2020 | newspaper=The Washington Post | access-date=June 20, 2020}} One of his first actions as USAGM CEO was to fire the heads of the outlets under his purview – among them Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Middle East Broadcasting Networks (MBN), and the Open Technology Fund{{cite news | last1=Lee | first1=Matthew | title=US broadcasting chief fires agency heads in major reshuffle |url=https://apnews.com/a07aacec4d546143091556539ee181e5 | date=June 17, 2020 | work=Associated Press | access-date=June 18, 2020}}{{cite news | last1=Kelly | first1=Laura | title=Trump appointee ousts multiple officials within US media agency: reports |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/503365-trump-appointee-ousts-multiple-officials-within-us-media-agency-report | date=June 18, 2020 | work=The Hill | access-date=June 18, 2020}}{{cite news | last1=Folkenflik | first1=David | title=Trump's New Foreign Broadcasting CEO Fires News Chiefs, Raising Fears Of Meddling |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/18/879873926/trumps-new-foreign-broadcasting-ceo-fires-news-chiefs-raising-fears-of-meddling | date=June 18, 2020 | work=NPR News | access-date=June 20, 2020}}{{Cite news|title=Trump administration purges news execs from U.S. agency meant to counter disinformation, leaving staff fearing more to come|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/michael-pack-steve-bannon-trump-administration-purges-news-execs-from-u-s-agency-meant-to-counter-disinformation/|access-date=2020-06-22|work=CBS News|language=en-US}} – including certain officials favored by conservatives.{{cite news | last1=Lee | first1=Matthew | title=Trump global media chief faces GOP backlash over firings |url=https://apnews.com/8a7a8fd14606460af1061fe8153f1639 | date=June 18, 2020 | work=Associated Press | access-date=June 20, 2020}}{{cite news | last1=Kelly | first1=Laura | title=Trump's new head of US media agency under fire from both sides |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/503676-trump-pick-to-lead-us-media-agency-under-fire-from-both-sides | date=June 20, 2020 | work=The Hill | access-date=June 20, 2020}} Pack also installed Trump loyalists in leadership positions within the organization and disbanded a bipartisan board that oversees the USAGM.{{Cite news|last=Schwartz|first=Brian|date=2020-06-17|title=Federal media chief Michael Pack installs Trump loyalists to leadership posts, memo says|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/17/federal-media-chief-michael-pack-installs-trump-loyalists-to-leadership-posts-memo-says.html|access-date=2020-06-17|work=CNBC|language=en}}{{Cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=2020-06-17|title=New Conservative Media Chief Dismisses Heads of U.S.-Funded News Outlets|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/17/us/politics/michael-pack-media-agency.html|access-date=2020-06-18|issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite news|last=Schwartz|first=Brian|date=2020-06-19|title=New directors at federal media agency have ties to anti-LGBT groups, fought pro-transgender policies|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/19/new-directors-at-federal-media-agency-have-ties-to-anti-lgbt-groups.html|access-date=2020-06-22|work=CNBC|language=en}} He planned for editorials to be read and posted on the website in various languages that would present administration policy as set by the president.{{Cite news|last=Ward|first=Alex|date=2020-06-25|title=The head of US broadcasting is leaning toward pro-Trump propaganda. Biden would fire him.|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/6/25/21302625/joe-biden-president-voice-america-fire-michael-pack|access-date=2020-11-24|work=Vox|language=en}}

Pack continued a purge of USAGM, firing at least seven longstanding agency officials,{{cite news | last1=Lippman | first1=Daniel | title=U.S. global media agency hires shock jock who called Obama 'Kenyan' |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/13/frank-wuco-us-global-media-agency-hiring-394997 | date=August 12, 2020 | work=Politico | access-date=August 16, 2020}} including chief financial officer Grant Turner and general counsel David Kligerman.{{cite news | last1=Lee | first1=Matthew | title=Undaunted, US global media chief plows ahead with changes |url=https://apnews.com/70f6c2b89d0f345d31410f324142f4e2 | date=July 13, 2020 | work=Associated Press | access-date=July 15, 2020}}{{cite news | last1=Lippman | first1=Daniel | title=Trump appointee deepens purge of U.S. global media agency |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/12/trump-purge-us-agency-global-media-394403 | date=August 12, 2020 | work=Politico | accessdate=August 16, 2020}} Kligerman and Turner said that their removals were retaliation against CEO; Turner said that he had been removed for calling Pack and his team "to account for gross mismanagement of the agency" and Kligerman said, "There is no other conclusion to draw, except that it is in retaliation for attempting to do my job in an apolitical manner and to speak truth to power." Kligerman was fired days after questioning the legality of Pack's mass firings. Under Pack, USAGM hired Frank Wuco, a former conservative talk radio "shock jock" known for spreading conspiracy theories and calling President Barack Obama a "Kenyan." It was reported in July 2020 that the USAGM under Pack would not extend visas for foreign VOA journalists.{{cite news | last1=Bernal | first1=Rafael | title=Voice of America not extending foreign journalists' visas: report |url=https://thehill.com/latino/506561-voice-of-america-not-extending-foreign-journalists-visas-report | date=July 9, 2020 | work=The Hill | access-date=July 15, 2020}}{{cite news | last1=Folkenflik | first1=David | title=U.S. Broadcasting Agency Will Not Extend Visas For Its Foreign Journalists |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/07/09/889301025/u-s-broadcasting-agency-will-not-extend-visas-for-its-foreign-journalists | date=July 9, 2020 | work=NPR News | access-date=July 15, 2020}} In late July 2020, Pack announced an investigation of a VOA video that purportedly promoted Joe Biden's presidential campaign.{{cite news | last1=Lippman | first1=Daniel | title=Deleted Biden video sets off a crisis at Voice of America |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/30/deleted-biden-video-sets-off-a-crisis-at-voice-of-america-388571 | date=July 30, 2020 | work=Politico | access-date=August 2, 2020}}{{cite news | last1=Lee | first1=Matthew | title=Trump global media chief probes pro-Biden VOA content |url=https://apnews.com/65fdc3c24cea9e106642aeee3a663666 | date=July 30, 2020 | work=Associated Press | access-date=August 2, 2020}} In August 2020, USAGM required several of its outlets to return money allocated for internet freedom projects for the agency to reallocate for other internet freedom uses.{{cite news | last1=Lippman | first1=Daniel | title=U.S. global media agency demanded outlets return money for internet freedom projects |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/13/us-global-media-agency-return-money-395147 | date=August 13, 2020 | work=Politico | access-date=August 16, 2020}}

In August 2020, Pack suspended top executives at USAGM, reportedly angry at them for telling him that some of his plans might be illegal. In an apparent attempt to get the executives fired, he hired a private law firm, McGuireWoods, to investigate them, though it found no malfeasance, and the executives were later reinstated.{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/04/973765185/trump-appointee-at-voa-parent-paid-law-firm-millions-to-investigate-his-own-staf |title=Trump Appointee at VOA Parent Paid Law Firm Millions To Investigate His Own Staff |date=4 March 2021 |work=NPR News |author=David Folkenflik}}

On October 26, 2020, Pack rescinded rules at USAGM that protected journalists at VOA and other affiliates from political interference.{{Cite news|last=Folkenflik|first=David|date=October 27, 2020|title=U.S. Agency Targets Its Own Journalists' Independence|language=en|work=NPR News|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/10/27/928118147/u-s-agency-targets-its-own-journalists-independence|access-date=2020-10-27}}{{cite news | last1=Fischer | first1=Sara | title=Trump-appointed USAGM CEO removes agency's firewall protections |url=https://www.axios.com/trump-usagm-ceo-agency-firewall-f9627dc5-bc9e-4337-abef-8b61d1464807.html | date=October 28, 2020 | work=Axios | access-date=November 1, 2020}} Career employees at Voice of America accused Pack of seeking influence over the outlet's reporting{{cite news | last1=Folkenflik | first1=David | title=At Voice of America, Trump Appointee Sought Political Influence Over Coverage |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/09/02/907984631/at-voice-of-america-trump-appointee-sought-political-influence-over-coverage | date=September 2, 2020 | work=NPR | access-date=November 1, 2020}} and filed suit in federal court, seeking injunctions that prevent Pack from making personnel decisions about journalists employed by the agency, directly communicating with them and conducting any investigations into editorial content or individual journalists. On November 20, 2020, Judge Beryl Howell of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia granted the injunctions. "The court confirmed that the First Amendment forbids Mr. Pack and his team from attempting to take control of these journalistic outlets, from investigating their journalists for purported 'bias,' and from attempting to influence or control their reporting content," Lee Crain, a lawyer for the plaintiffs, said in a statement.{{Cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-media-michael-pack-9ca230e0602376144a73786bb9f6cc69|title=Judge rules against Trump global media chief after firings|date=November 21, 2020|work=AP NEWS}}

The U.S. Office of Special Counsel revealed on December 2, 2020, that it had found "a substantial likelihood of wrongdoing" at USAGM, including "gross mismanagement" by Pack and violations of the legal firewall meant to protect Voice of America's journalistic integrity. It demanded that the USAGM investigate allegations by whistleblowers. The Government Accountability Project, a public interest law firm, told NPR that it was representing more than 20 whistleblowers at USAGM.{{Cite news|title='Substantial Likelihood Of Wrongdoing' By VOA Parent Agency, Government Watchdog Says|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/12/02/941673587/substantial-likelihood-of-wrongdoing-by-voa-parent-agency-government-watchdog-sa|access-date=2020-12-03|work=NPR News|first=David|last=Folkenflik |language=en}}

Among other appointments,{{cite news | last1=Lee | first1=Matthew | title=Pro-Trump shakeups continue at VOA's parent agency |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-donald-trump-michael-pack-f779133aeb9ab6d3abdec63e104f1c4c | date=December 18, 2020 | work=Associated Press | access-date=December 29, 2020}} Pack appointed Robert R. Reilly to lead VOA on December 9, 2020,{{cite news | last1=Lee | first1=Matthew | title=Appointment of new VOA chief raises fears for US broadcaster |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-donald-trump-michael-pack-623856130b19e53b9c8cdc841ef4e15f | date=December 9, 2020 | work=Associated Press | access-date=December 12, 2020}}{{cite news | last1=Jerreat | first1=Jessica | title=USAGM Says Robert Reilly to Return as VOA Director |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/usa_usagm-says-robert-reilly-return-voa-director/6199376.html | date=December 9, 2020 | work=Voice of America | access-date=December 12, 2020}} and Victoria Coates to lead MBN on December 22.{{cite news | last1=Lee | first1=Matthew | title=Falsely accused "Anonymous" re-emerges at VOA sister network |url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-media-middle-east-michael-pack-13298e5e3af901dc0a94313300c60fb7 | date=December 22, 2020 | work=Associated Press | access-date=December 29, 2020}}

On January 14, 2021, six days before Joe Biden's inauguration as president, a group of Voice of America journalists signed a letter demanding the resignation of the director of VOA and his deputy.{{cite news | last1=DeLuce | first1=Dan | title=Voice of America journalists demand resignation of top officials, protest sidelining of two staffers |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/voice-america-journalists-demand-resignation-top-officials-protest-sidelining-two-n1254280 | date=January 14, 2021 | work=NBC News | access-date=January 14, 2021}} The controversy concerned the reassignment of reporters Patsy Widakuswara and News Director Yolanda Lopez after the journalists questioned outgoing Secretary of State Mike Pompeo.[https://beta.documentcloud.org/documents/20454442-voa-letter "petition"], January 14, 2021. Accessed January 14, 2021.

On January 20, 2021, the day Biden took office, Pack resigned at Biden's request, effective at 2:00 p.m., two hours after Biden took office.{{Cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=2021-01-21|title=Trump media chief who oversaw Voice of America purge resigns|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/jan/21/trump-media-chief-who-oversaw-voice-of-america-purge-resigns|access-date=2021-01-21|work=The Guardian|language=en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/controversial-trump-appointee-overseeing-voa-resigns-biden-s-request-n1255004|title=Trump appointee overseeing VOA resigns at Biden's request|first=Dan De LuceDan De Luce is a reporter for the NBC News Investigative|last=Unit|website=NBC News|date=20 January 2021 }}{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/535306-biden-outs-controversial-head-of-us-agency-for-global-media|title = Biden ousts controversial head of US Agency for Global Media|date = 21 January 2021}}

NPR conducted scores of interviews over the controversies Pack's actions engendered.{{Cite news |last=Folkenflik |first=David |date=May 21, 2023 |title=Federal inquiry details abuses of power by Trump's CEO over Voice of America |work=NPR News |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/05/21/1177208862/usagm-michael-pack-voa-voice-of-america-investigation-trump-abuse-of-power}} And few at the agency or its broadcasters agreed with Pack's characterization of his mission or performance, instead characterizing him as seeking political control over their coverage.{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/inauguration-day-live-updates/2021/01/20/958875488/voice-of-america-ceo-pack-defined-by-scandal-resigns-at-bidens-request|title=Defined by Scandal at Voice of America, CEO Resigns at Biden's Request|website=NPR|date=20 January 2021|last1=Folkenflik|first1=David}}

In February 2023, three independent experts released a review of Pack's management actions at USAGM from June 2020 to January 2021. The review concluded Pack repeatedly “abused his authority” and “engaged in gross mismanagement and gross waste.”{{cite book |url=https://osc.gov/Documents/Public%20Files/FY23/DI-20-1086/Redacted%20Agency%20Report%20of%20Investigation%20DI-20-1086%20et%20al_.pdf |title=Review of Management Actions |date=February 2023 |publisher=U.S. Agency for Global Media |access-date=8 June 2023}}

Pack has collaborated to Project 2025; he is thanked for his contribution to Chapter 8: "Media Agencies / Corporation for Public Broadcasting".{{Cite book| publisher=The Heritage Foundation| isbn=978-0-89195-174-2| editor-first1=Paul| editor-last1=Dans| editor-first2=Steven| editor-last2=Groves| title=Mandate for leadership: the conservative promise 2025| location=Washington, DC| date = 2023 |url=https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/24088042/project-2025s-mandate-for-leadership-the-conservative-promise.pdf}}

Pack has written, directed, and produced numerous documentaries, principally for PBS, as well as corporate and educational films. His major credits include:

• Hollywood's Favorite Heavy: Businessmen on Prime Time TV, hosted by Eli Wallach (1987)
• Campus Culture Wars: Five Stories about Political Correctness, narrated by Lindsay Crouse (1993)
• Hollywood vs. Religion, hosted by Michael Medved (1995)
• Inside the Republican Revolution: The First Hundred Days, hosted by Don Lambro (1995)
• The Rodney King Incident: Race and Justice in America, narrated by Robert Prosky (1998)
• The Fall of Newt Gingrich, narrated by Blair Brown (2000)
• Rediscovering George Washington, hosted by Richard Brookhiser (2002)
• God and the Inner City, narrated by Phylicia Rashad (2003)
• Rediscovering Alexander Hamilton, hosted by Richard Brookhiser (2011)
• RICKOVER: The Birth of Nuclear Power, narrated by Joan Allen (2014)
• Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in his Own Words (2020)
• The Last 600 Meters (2020), a documentary about "the two biggest battles of the Iraqi war"

{{reflist}}

{{Commons Category|Michael Pack}}

• {{IMDb name|1530434}}
• {{C-SPAN|134449}}
• [https://www.usagm.gov/who-we-are/management-team/michael-pack/ USAGM biography]

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Category:American documentary film producers

Category:First Trump administration personnel

Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni

Category:Living people

Category:1954 births