Michael Signer

Signer is the son of Marjorie B. Signer, a communications director, and Robert Signer, a newspaper assignment editor.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/fashion/weddings/emily-blout-michael-signer-weddings.html|title=Emily Blout and Michael Signer|date=April 1, 2012|website=The New York Times}} He graduated from Washington-Lee High School in Arlington, Virginia,{{cite news|title=3 Dem Gubernatorial Candidates Clash in Richmond |newspaper=Falls Church News-Press|date=2009-02-15|url=http://www.fcnp.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4119:3-dem-gubernatorial-candidates-clash-in-richmond&catid=13:news-stories&Itemid=76|accessdate=2009-02-12|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716093445/http://www.fcnp.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4119%3A3-dem-gubernatorial-candidates-clash-in-richmond&catid=13%3Anews-stories&Itemid=76|archive-date=2011-07-16}} and magna cum laude from Princeton University, where he edited the Progressive Review.{{Cite news | url= https://paw.princeton.edu/article/mike-signer-95-lawyer-scholar-author-and-mayor |last = Thrasher |first = Cat |title=Mike Signer '95, Lawyer, Scholar, Author, and Mayor |work=Princeton Alumni Weekly |date=March 16, 2016 |access-date=January 13, 2021}}

He earned a Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, Berkeley, and a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law, where he was a Clerk at the Legal Aid Justice Center and Research Assistant to Professors A.E. Dick Howard and Michael Klarman. He was president of the Law Democrats, and co-founder of the UVA Chapter of the American Constitution Society. At UVA, he founded the UVA Coalition for Progress on Race, and went on to co-found the Center for the Study of Race and Law.{{cite web|url=https://www.law.virginia.edu/news/201803/built-alums-15-years-center-study-race-and-law|title=Built by Alums: 15 Years of the Center for the Study of Race and Law|date=March 19, 2018|website=University of Virginia School of Law}}

Signer is the author of Cry Havoc: Charlottesville and American Democracy under Siege (PublicAffairs, 2020).{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Signer|title=Cry Havoc: Charlottesville and American Democracy under Siege|publisher=PublicAffairs|date=2020|isbn=978-1-5417-3615-3}} The book is a first-person account of events before, during, and after the deadly "Unite the Right" rally in Charlottesville, Virginia in August 2017, as a microcosm of the challenges facing American democracy today.{{cite book|url=https://www.publicaffairsbooks.com/titles/michael-signer/cry-havoc/9781541736139/|title=Cry Havoc: Charlottesville and American Democracy under Siege|publisher=PublicAffairs|date=2019|isbn=978-1541736139|accessdate=August 6, 2020|last1=Signer|first1=Michael}} NPR's "All Things Considered" featured an interview with Signer about "Cry Havoc," where Signer said the "deepest theme of what Charlottesville is about" was "do we have the ability to have debate on the hardest issues or is one faction basically going to terrorize another into submission?" and that "the consequence of stepping out of the arena, of giving up — that's what allows societies, democracies to tilt toward authoritarianism."{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/06/815838267/in-cry-havoc-former-charlottesville-mayor-details-a-tragic-day|title=In 'Cry Havoc,' Former Charlottesville Mayor Details a Tragic Day|newspaper=NPR.org|publisher=National Public Radio|accessdate=June 6, 2020}}

Signer is the author of Becoming Madison: The Extraordinary Origins of the Least Likely Founding Father (PublicAffairs, 2015).{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Signer|title=Becoming Madison: The Extraordinary Origins of the Least Likely Founding Father|publisher=PublicAffairs|date=2015|isbn=978-1-61039-295-2}} The book is about leadership and statesmanship that is also an intellectual and psychological biography of young James Madison and his rivalry with his nemesis Patrick Henry in the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.{{cite web|url=https://www.richmond.com/opinion/their-opinion/guest-columnists/a-conversation-with-michael-signer-the-making-of-an-indispensable/article_450ec164-2c36-5105-a838-ed348d63634f.html|title=A Conversation with Michael Signer: The Making of an Indispensable Founding Father|work=The Richmond Times-Dispatch|date=16 May 2015 |accessdate=May 16, 2015}} Signer presented a public lecture on the book at the Library of Congress in 2016.{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=7687|title=Becoming Madison|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=December 6, 2016}}

He is also the author of Demagogue: The Fight to Save Democracy from Its Worst Enemies (St. Martin's Press, 2009).{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Signer|title=Demagogue: The Fight to Save Democracy from Its Worst Enemies|publisher=St. Martin's Press|date=2009|isbn=978-0-230-60624-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/demagoguefightto00sign}} The book chronicles democracy's historic struggle with the problem of demagogues, examines how political thinkers have grappled with the demagogue problem, and argues that constitutionalism, a robust culture of democratic norms and values embraced by ordinary citizens, is the best antidote to demagogues.{{cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/books/people-power-1.500933?videoId=5766484581001|title=People Power|work=The National|date=April 10, 2009}} He has written about the topic of demagoguery in connection with Donald Trump for The Washington Post,{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/02/29/heres-what-demagogues-like-trump-do-to-their-countries-when-they-take-power/|title=Here's What Demagogues Like Trump Do To Their Countries When They Take Power|newspaper=The Washington Post|accessdate=February 29, 2016}} and The Atlantic.{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/08/is-passion-meant-for-politics/402457/|title=Trump and the Danger of Passionate Politics|work=The Atlantic|accessdate=August 17, 2015}} and been interviewed on the topic by NPR's Morning Edition{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2015/12/09/459026263/democratic-activist-says-donald-trump-fits-the-mold-of-a-demagogue|title=Democratic Activist Says Donald Trump Fits the Mold of a Demagogue|work=National Public Radio|accessdate=December 9, 2015}} and WNYC's On the Media.{{cite web|url=https://www.wnyc.org/story/so-youve-got-demagogue/|title=So You've Got a Demagogue|work=On the Media|accessdate=December 11, 2015}}

He has published articles, essays, and book reviews in the New York Times,{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/18/opinion/charlottesville-mayor-mike-signer.html|title=Charlottesville Will Move On|work=The New York Times|date=August 18, 2017}} The Washington Post,{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/this-legal-tactic-can-keep-neo-nazi-protests-out-of-your-city/2018/08/10/c80bc240-9c07-11e8-8d5e-c6c594024954_story.html?noredirect=on|title=This Legal Tactic Can Keep Neo-Nazi Protests Out of Your City|newspaper=The Washington Post|accessdate=August 18, 2018}} Time Magazine,{{cite web|url=https://time.com/4575119/electoral-college-demagogues/|title=The Electoral College Was Created to Stop Demagogues Like Trump|work=Time Magazine|date=17 November 2016 |access-date=November 17, 2016}}

University of Richmond Law Review,{{cite web|url=http://lawreview.richmond.edu/constitutional-crisis-in-the-commonwealth|title=Constitutional Crisis in the Commonwealth: Resolving the Conflict Between Governors and Attorneys General|work=University of Richmond Law Review|accessdate=2014-06-12|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605220955/http://lawreview.richmond.edu/constitutional-crisis-in-the-commonwealth|archive-date=2014-06-05}} The Washington Post,{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/bourbon-a-history-of-the-american-spirit-by-dane-huckelbridge/2014/04/11/017df29c-a89b-11e3-8599-ce7295b6851c_story.html|title='Bourbon: A History of the American Spirit' by Dane Huckelbridge|newspaper=Washington Post|accessdate=February 23, 2015}} The New Republic,{{cite magazine|url=https://newrepublic.com/book/review/where-they-stand-american-presidents-eyes-voters-historians-robert-merry|title=Michael Signer Reviews Robert W. Merry's "Where They Stand: The American Presidents in the Eyes of Voters and Historians"|author=Michael Signer|magazine=The New Republic|date=11 September 2012|accessdate=February 23, 2015}}{{cite magazine|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/politics/97115/herman-cain-populist-huey-long-joseph-mccarthy|title=The Ironic Populist: How Herman Cain's Insurgency Marks the Beginning of a New Political Era|author=Michael Signer|magazine=The New Republic|date=7 November 2011|accessdate=February 23, 2015}} and the Daily Beast.{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/04/23/why-the-tea-party-won-t-go-away-and-more-wisdom-from-matt-kibbe.html|title=Why The Tea Party Won't Go Away And More Wisdom From Matt Kibbe|work=The Daily Beast|date=23 April 2014|accessdate=February 23, 2015|last1=Signer|first1=Michael}}{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2010/03/27/how-to-beat-the-demagogues.html|title=How to Beat the Demagogues|work=The Daily Beast|date=27 March 2010|accessdate=February 23, 2015|last1=Signer|first1=Michael}}

In 2006, he wrote an article advocating for a doctrine of "exemplarism" as a version of progressive American exceptionalism, titled "City on a Hill" in the inaugural issue of Democracy: A Journal of Ideas.{{cite web|url=http://www.democracyjournal.org/1/6470.php?page=all|title=Michael Signer for Democracy Journal: A City on a Hill|work=Democracy Journal|accessdate=February 23, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223233902/http://www.democracyjournal.org/1/6470.php?page=all|archive-date=February 23, 2015}}

File:Michael Signer (127960213).jpg

File:Michael Signer, Mayor of Charlottesville, Virginia.jpg

Signer is an executive and general counsel at a Virginia-based technology firm.{{cite web|title=Michael Signer|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-signer-4868785/|work=LinkedIn|accessdate=February 23, 2019}} He served as counsel to then-Governor Mark Warner of Virginia.{{cite web|url=https://www.law.virginia.edu/news/201602/charlottesvilles-new-mayor-mike-signer-04-takes-madisonian-approach-law-and-life|title=Charlottesville's New Mayor Mike Signer '04 Takes Madisonian Approach to Law and Life|work=Virginia Magazine|accessdate=February 4, 2016}} He was founder and managing principal of Madison Law & Strategy Group, PLLC.{{cite web|url=http://www.madisonpllc.com/team/michael-signer|title=Madison Law & Strategy – Michael Signer|work=madisonpllc.com|accessdate=February 23, 2015}} He previously served as co-chair of the Business Law Section of the Charlottesville-Albemarle Bar Association and chaired the Pro Bono Committee of the Young Lawyers Conference of the Virginia State Bar.{{cite web|title=About Mike|url=https://www.michaelsigner.com/bio|work=MichaelSigner.com|accessdate=February 23, 2019}}

A voting rights attorney, he was statewide director for the 2004 election protection program directed by the Democratic National Committee. In 2010, he traveled to Panjshir Province, Afghanistan, as a member of a USAID-sponsored mission to monitor Afghanistan's parliamentary elections.{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mike-signer/election-protection-in-af_b_711050.html|work=Huffington Post|first=Mike|last=Signer|title=Election Protection in Afghanistan|date=2010-09-09}} He founded and co-chaired the New Electoral Reform Alliance for Virginia.{{cite news|last=The Washington Post|title=A. Michael Signer|url=http://projects.washingtonpost.com/2009/elections/va/lieutenant-governor/1317/a-michael-signer|accessdate=February 28, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004080115/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/2009/elections/va/lieutenant-governor/1317/a-michael-signer|archive-date=October 4, 2012}}

In 2018, Signer founded Communities Overcoming Extremism, a project designed to increase capacity among both public and private sectors leaders for confronting extremism.{{cite web|title=Communities Overcoming Extremism: the After Charlottesville Project|url=https://www.adl.org/overcoming-extremism|work=Anti-Defamation League|accessdate=May 15, 2019}}

Signer has served as chair of the Emergency Food Network, president of the Fifeville Neighborhood Association, and a member of the steering committee of the West Main Street Redevelopment Project in Charlottesville. He is a former member of the Board of Directors of the Center for National Policy. He is a principal and former board member of the Truman National Security Project.

In the 2008 elections, Signer was foreign policy advisor to the John Edwards for President campaign.{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/22/AR2008022202378.html|title=It's a Scary World. Don't Campaign Reporters Care?|work=washingtonpost.com|accessdate=February 23, 2015}} He was later senior strategist on the 2008 Congressional campaign of Tom Perriello. Signer was senior policy advisor at the Center for American Progress, and later that year worked with John Podesta on President-Elect Barack Obama's State Department Transition Team.{{cite news|last=Shipman|first=Tim|title=Barack Obama's team is briefed by Bush staff after warnings about a terrorist attack|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/barackobama/3224481/Barack-Obamas-team-is-briefed-by-Bush-staff-on-after-warnings-about-a-terrorist-attack.html|accessdate=February 28, 2011|location=London|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=2008-10-18}}

In 2009, Signer was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, receiving 21% of the vote.Virginia Elections: [https://www.voterinfo.sbe.virginia.gov/election/DATA/2009/B19D959E-A4DD-4C27-BC08-30C8F2FF2F92/Official/3_s.shtml Results] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713155504/https://www.voterinfo.sbe.virginia.gov/election/DATA/2009/B19D959E-A4DD-4C27-BC08-30C8F2FF2F92/Official/3_s.shtml|date=2009-07-13}}; accessed February 17, 2015.

From 2009 to 2013, Signer was an appointee by Governor Tim Kaine to Virginia's Board of Medicine. He was a member of the finance committee for Terry McAuliffe for governor, and later served as chair of Governor-elect McAuliffe's Transition Council on Homeland Security. Earlier in his career, he was legislative aide to then-Delegate Creigh Deeds. Governor Terry McAuliffe appointed him to the Council on Virginia's Future.{{cite web|url=http://www.nbc29.com/story/32471007/mayor-signer-appointed-to-council-on-virginias-future|title=Mayor Signer Appointed to Council on Virginia's Future|publisher=NBC29|date=July 8, 2016}}

On January 4, 2016, Charlottesville City Council elected Signer as the city's new mayor, succeeding outgoing mayor Satyendra Huja.{{cite news |title=Charlottesville City Council Elects Mike Signer as New Mayor |url=http://www.nbc29.com/story/30882861/charlottesville-city-council-elects-mike-signer-as-new-mayor |publisher=WVIR-TV |date=2016-01-04 |accessdate=2017-08-19}} Signer took office the same evening.

As mayor, Signer's four main priorities were innovation, infrastructure, governance, and equity. He led the city to rehabilitate the historic African-American Daughters of Zion cemetery with a special allocation of $80,000 from Council's Strategic Fund.{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/daughters-of-zion-cemetery-in-charlottesville-rededicated/article_878b723a-25fb-11e6-8d08-ab02c1cc553d.html|title=Daughters of Zion Cemetery in Charlottesville Rededicated|publisher=The Daily Progress|date=May 29, 2016}}

He worked with the city council to create a Blue Ribbon Commission on Race, Memorials, and Public Spaces to address controversies over Confederate statues in Charlottesville.{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/09/virginia-civil-war-monuments-new-south-214248|title=Monuments to the Battle for the New South|newspaper=Politico |accessdate=August 16, 2017}} Charlottesville also hired the city's first African-American police chief during Signer's tenure.{{cite web|url=http://www.c-ville.com/historic-hire-al-thomas-charlottesvilles-first-black-police-chief|title=Al Thomas is Charlottesville's first black police chief|date=April 20, 2016|publisher=c-ville.com|accessdate=August 16, 2017}}

In the wake of President Donald Trump's first announcement of the "Muslim Ban", Signer declared Charlottesville a "capital of the resistance" to Trump's administration. He held a rally bringing together leaders including Khizr Khan, as well as local faith and University leaders, to declare opposition to religious intolerance and to propose support for immigrants and refugees.{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyprogress.com/news/politics/signer-declares-city-a-capital-of-resistance-against-trump/article_12108161-fccd-53bb-89e4-b7d5dc8494e0.html|title=Signer Declares City a Capital of Resistance against Trump|publisher=The Daily Progress|date=January 31, 2017}} Signer helped create Welcoming Greater Charlottesville,{{cite web|url=https://www.wgcville.org/|title=Welcoming Greater Charlottesville|accessdate=February 23, 2019}} and Council later enacted Signer's proposal to allocate $10,000 to the Legal Aid Justice Center to represent immigrants and helped create Welcoming Greater Charlottesville.{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/city-council-seeking-to-create-a-welcoming-community-for-immigrants/article_9b502506-27b5-11e7-8724-dbe55b015473.html|title=City Council Seeking to Create a Welcoming Community for Immigrants|publisher=The Daily Progress|date=April 22, 2017}}

Signer created a Mayor's Advisory Council on Innovation and Technology to link stakeholders in the Charlottesville technology sector.{{cite news|url=https://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/in-local-stop-warner-discusses-entrepreneurial-ecosystems/article_6326a2ce-4af5-11e6-8ea2-63e50eb5610f.html|title=Warner Discusses Entrepreneurial Ecosystems|newspaper=The Daily Progress|date=July 15, 2016}} The Council enacted Signer's proposal to double Charlottesville's spending on affordable housing, expanded the technology tax credit from five to seven years, increased public school investment by $2 million, and enacted protections for historic neighborhoods.

{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/signer-points-to-successes-in-state-of-the-city-address/article_92ccf098-4eea-5b08-8f2a-1e2b3f63594c.html|title=Signer Points to Successes in State of the City Address|publisher=The Daily Progress|date=January 17, 2017}}

{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/just-another-portfolio/stacy-pethia-charlottesvilles-advocate-for-affordable-housing-8e5ed2e60bbf|title=Stacy Pethia: Charlottesville's Advocate for Affordable Housing|publisher=Medium.com|date=November 18, 2018}}

During Signer's tenure, the city council also created an Open Data policy,{{cite web|url=http://www.cvilletomorrow.org/news/article/25034-charlottesville-city-council-endorses-open-data/|title=Charlottesville City Council endorses open data goal|website=Charlottesville Tomorrow|date=20 September 2016 }} and required agencies to register voters to vote online.{{cite web|url=http://www.newsplex.com/content/news/Charlottesville-council-votes-for-online-voter-registration-393307891.html|title=Charlottesville council votes for online voter registration|publisher=newsplex.com|accessdate=August 16, 2017}}

In the wake of the violent "Unite the Right" event of August 2017, the city, under Signer's tenure, collaborated with Georgetown University's Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection to successfully sue over a dozen paramilitary groups under a provision of the Virginia Constitution to prevent them from entering the city again.{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/this-legal-tactic-can-keep-neo-nazi-protests-out-of-your-city/2018/08/10/c80bc240-9c07-11e8-8d5e-c6c594024954_story.html?noredirect=on|title=This Legal Tactic Can Keep Neo-Nazi Protests Out of Your City|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=August 10, 2018}}

During Signer's tenure as mayor, Charlottesville was named by Entrepreneur as the #4 City in the U.S. for entrepreneurship.{{cite web|url=https://news.virginia.edu/content/charlottesville-named-no-4-us-entrepreneurship|title=Charlottesville Named No. 4 in the U.S. for Entrepreneurship|date=July 27, 2016|publisher=University of Virginia|accessdate=August 16, 2017}}

Signer received the annual Levenson Family Defender of Democracy Award from the Anti-Defamation League in 2017.{{cite web|url=https://dc.adl.org/adl-in-concert-against-hate/|title=ADL In Concert Against Hate|publisher=Anti-Defamation League|date=November 16, 2018}} He is a member of the 2017 Class of Aspen Institute Rodel Fellows.{{cite web|url=https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/rodel-fellowships-public-leadership/aspen-institute-rodel-fellowship-class-2016-3-2/|title=Aspen Institute Rodel Fellowship Class of 2017|publisher=Aspen Institute|accessdate=March 13, 2019}} He was recognized by Forward Magazine in its "Forward 50" 2017 list of the 50 most influential Jewish leaders in America.{{cite web|url=https://forward.com/series/forward-50/2017/politics/|title=Forward 50: Finding Inspiration in the Year of Trump|publisher=The Forward|accessdate=March 13, 2019}} In 2018, he received the annual "Distinguished Alumnus" Award from the University of California Alumni Club of Washington, D.C.{{cite web|url=http://dccalalumni.nationbuilder.com/jun2018reception|title=9th Annual DC Cal Cal Alumni Club Annual Reception Featuring Michael Signer|publisher=University of California Alumni Club of D.C.|date=June 14, 2018|accessdate=March 21, 2019}} In 2019, he was given the Courage in Political Leadership Award by the American Society for Yad Vashem,{{cite web|url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/american_society_for_yad_vashem_world_holocaust_remembrance_center_to_host_2019_benefit_gala/prweb16309498.htm|title=American Society for Yad Vashem to Host 2019 Benefit Gala|date=May 14, 2019|accessdate=June 10, 2019}} the Rob DeBree and David O'Malley Award for Community Response to Hatred Award from the Matthew Shepard Foundation,{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/MatthewShepardFoundation/posts/we-are-pleased-to-announce-our-expert-panelist-mike-signer-former-mayor-of-charl/2514971815231644/|title=2019 Rob DeBree and David O'Malley Award for Community Response to Hatred Award|website=Facebook |date=August 28, 2019|accessdate=January 20, 2020}} and the Jerold L. Solovy Freedom Award from the Anti-Defamation League Midwest.{{cite web|url=https://chicago.adl.org/freedom-award-dinner-2019/|title=Jerold S. Solovy Freedom Award Dinner|date=December 4, 2019|accessdate=June 10, 2019}}

Signer is Jewish and lives in Charlottesville with his wife and their twin sons.{{cite web|url=http://people.com/politics/charlottesville-mayor-mike-signer-slammed-anti-semitic-hate-following-rally-save-confederate-statue|title=Virginia Mayor Deluged with Anti-Semitic Hate After Speaking Out Against Rally Led by White Supremacist|date=May 16, 2017|publisher=People }}{{cite web|url=http://www.jta.org/2017/05/15/news-opinion/united-states/jewish-mayor-in-virginia-faces-anti-semitic-tweets-in-aftermath-of-white-supremacist-protests|title=Jewish mayor in Virginia faces anti-Semitic tweets in aftermath of white supremacist protests|date=15 May 2017|publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Michael Signer}}

• {{official website|http://michaelsigner.com/}}
• {{URL|http://www.charlottesville.org/departments-and-services/departments-a-g/city-council/council-members/mike-signer|Official biography}}, City of Charlottesville, Virginia
• {{C-SPAN}}
• [https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/12/02/donald-trump-wasnt-a-textbook-demagogue-until-now/ Washington Post article by Michael Signer about Donald Trump]

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