Microgenia

Microgenia is the medical term for an unusually small or deformed chin.{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/microchinia|title=microchinia - Definition from Merriam Webster's Medical Dictionary|access-date = 2009-07-22}}

The contrasting condition, an enlarged chin, is called "macrogenia".{{cite journal |vauthors=Hohl TH, Epker BN |title=Macrogenia: a study of treatment results, with surgical recommendations |journal=Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=545–67 |date=May 1976 |pmid=1063958 |doi= 10.1016/0030-4220(76)90307-8}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Guyuron B, Michelow BJ, Willis L |title=Practical classification of chin deformities |journal=Aesthetic Plast Surg |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=257–64 |year=1995 |pmid=7668174 |doi= 10.1007/BF00451101|s2cid=25623758 }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Zide BM, Warren SM, Spector JA |title=Chin surgery IV: the large chin--key parameters for successful chin reduction |journal=Plast. Reconstr. Surg. |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=530–7 |date=August 2007 |pmid=17632360 |doi=10.1097/01.prs.0000267636.25672.81 |s2cid=22341339 }}

There are seven different chin deformities:

Class I: Macrogenia (chin excess)
Class II: Microgenia (chin deficiency)
Class III: Combined excesses and deficiencies
Class IV: Assymmetric deformity
Class V: Witch's chin
Class VI: Pseudomacrogenia
Class VII: Pseudoretrogenia

Class II microgenia is the most commonly encountered chin deformity, followed by class II macrogenia.{{Cite book |last1=Thorne |first1=Charles H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ITeUDwAAQBAJ&dq=Microgenia&pg=PT1700 |title=Operative Techniques in Facial Aesthetic Surgery |last2=Sinno |first2=Sammy |date=2019-04-23 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-1-4963-5043-5 |language=en}}

Causes

Can occur in anyone, but is often a sign of Down syndrome.{{cite web |date = 1980|page = 343|author=Myron Belfer, M.D.|others=Book by Gottfried Lemperie, M.D., and Dorin Radu, M.D.|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=info:Nt6asksVAiYJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&output=viewport| title=Facial Plastic Surgery in Children with Down's Syndrome (preview page, with link to full content on plasreconsurg.com)|access-date = 2009-07-22}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bcm.edu/oto/grand/52892.html |title=Macroglossia |author=Warren E. Morgan, M.D. |date=1992-05-28 |access-date=2009-07-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709011601/http://www.bcm.edu/oto/grand/52892.html |archive-date=July 9, 2008 }} Microchinia mentioned among other characteristics of Down's Syndrome about halfway down the page.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a62J5GPHd3cC&q=%22down%27s+syndrome%22+chin+face&pg=PA94| title=Conditional love: parents' attitudes toward handicapped children|author=Meira Weiss| year=1994|page=94| publisher=Bloomsbury Academic| isbn=9780897893244|access-date = 2009-07-22}}

References

Category:Congenital disorders of eye, ear, face and neck