Microsoft Small Basic#Language

Microsoft announced Small Basic in October 2008, and released the first stable version for distribution on July 12, 2011, on a Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) website, together with a teaching curriculum{{cite web

|first= Ed |last=Price

|url=http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/16299.small-basic-curriculum.aspx

|title=Small Basic Curriculum

|date= 29 April 2014|access-date=9 February 2014

|work=TechNet |publisher=Microsoft}} and an introductory guide.{{cite web

|url=http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/16059.small-basic-getting-started-guide.aspx

|title=Small Basic Getting Started Guide

|date= 25 February 2014|access-date=12 February 2015

|first1= Ed |last1=Price |first2=Nonki |last2=Takahashi

|work=TechNet |publisher=Microsoft}} Between announcement and stable release, a number of Community Technology Preview (CTP) releases were made.

On March 27, 2015, Microsoft released Small Basic version 1.1, which fixed a bug and upgraded the targeted .NET Framework version from version 3.5 to version 4.5, making it the first version incompatible with Windows XP.

Microsoft released Small Basic version 1.2 on October 1, 2015. Version 1.2 was the first update after a four-year hiatus to introduce new features to Small Basic. The update added classes for working with Microsoft's Kinect motion sensors, increased the number of languages supported by the included Dictionary object, and fixed a number of bugs.

On February 19, 2019, Microsoft announced Small Basic Online (SBO). It is open source software released under MIT License on GitHub.{{Cite web|url=https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/Small-Basic-Blog/Announcing-Small-Basic-Online-1-0-Public-Preview/ba-p/353682|title = Announcing Small Basic Online 1.0 – Public Preview|date = 20 February 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/52801.microsoft-small-basic-online-v1-0-cs-installation-guide.aspx|title=TechNet Wiki|date=17 January 2024 }}

In Small Basic, one writes the illustrative "Hello, World!" program as follows:

TextWindow.WriteLine("Hello, World!")

Microsoft Small Basic is Turing complete. It supports conditional branching, loop structures, and subroutines for event handling. Variables are weakly typed and dynamic with no scoping rules.

The following example demonstrates conditional branching. It ask the user for Celsius or Fahrenheit and then comments on the answer in the appropriate temperature unit.

' A Program that gives advice at a requested temperature.

TextWindow.WriteLine("Do you use 'C'elsius or 'F'ahrenheit for temperature?")

TextWindow.WriteLine("Enter C for Celsius and F for Fahrenheit:")

question_temp: ' Label to jump back to input if wrong input was given

tempunit = TextWindow.Read()

' Temperature Definitions in Celsius:

tempArray["hot"] = 30 ' 30 °C equals 86 °F

tempArray["pretty"] = 20 ' 20 °C equals 68 °F

tempArray["cold"]= 15 ' 15 °C equals 59 °F

If tempunit = "C" OR tempunit = "c" Then

TextWindow.WriteLine("Celsius selected!")

tempunit = "C" ' Could be lowercase, thus make it uppercase

ElseIf tempunit = "F" OR tempunit = "f" Then

TextWindow.WriteLine("Fahrenheit selected!")

' We calculate the temperature values for Fahrenheit based on the Celsius values

tempArray["hot"] = ((tempArray["hot"] * 9)/5) + 32

tempArray["pretty"] = ((tempArray["pretty"] * 9)/5) + 32

tempArray["cold"] = ((tempArray["cold"] * 9)/5) + 32

tempunit = "F" ' Could be lowercase, thus make it uppercase

Else

GOTO question_temp ' Wrong input, jump back to label "question_temp"

EndIf

TextWindow.Write("Enter the temperature today (in " + tempunit +"): ")

temp = TextWindow.ReadNumber()

If temp >= tempArray["hot"] Then

TextWindow.WriteLine("It is pretty hot.")

ElseIf temp >= tempArray["pretty"] Then

TextWindow.WriteLine("It is pretty nice.")

ElseIf temp >= tempArray["cold"] Then

TextWindow.WriteLine("Don't forget your coat.")

Else

TextWindow.WriteLine("Stay home.")

EndIf

Small Basic does not support an inline If statement as does Visual Basic, for example: If temp > 50 Then TextWindow.WriteLine("It is pretty nice.")

This example demonstrates a loop. Starting from one and ending with ten, it multiplies each number by four and displays the result of the multiplication.

TextWindow.WriteLine("Multiplication Tables")

For i = 1 To 10

TextWindow.Write(i * 4)

EndFor

While loops are also supported, and the demonstrated For loop can be augmented through the use of the Step keyword. The Step keyword is used in setting the value by which the counter variable, i, is incremented each iteration.

Small Basic supports basic data types, like strings, integers and decimals, and will readily convert one type to another as required by the situation. In the example, both the Read and ReadNumber methods read a string from the command line, but ReadNumber rejects any non-numeric characters. This allows the string to be converted to a numeric type and treated as a number rather than a string by the + operator.

TextWindow.WriteLine("Enter your name: ")

name = TextWindow.Read()

TextWindow.Write("Enter your age: ")

age = TextWindow.ReadNumber()

TextWindow.WriteLine("Hello, " + name + "!")

TextWindow.WriteLine("In 5 years, you shall be " + ( age + 5 ) + " years old!")

As Small Basic will readily convert among data types, numbers can be manipulated as strings and numeric strings as numbers. This is demonstrated through the second example.

TextWindow.WriteLine(Math.log("100")) 'Prints 2

TextWindow.WriteLine("100" + "3000") ' Prints 3100

TextWindow.WriteLine("Windows " + 8) ' Prints Windows 8

TextWindow.WriteLine(Text.GetLength(1023.42)) ' Prints 7 (length of decimal representation including decimal point)

In the second example, both strings are treated as numbers and added together, producing the output 3100. To concatenate the two values, producing the output 1003000, it is necessary to use the Text.Append(text1, text2) method.

The Small Basic standard library includes basic classes for mathematics, string handling, and input/output, as well as more exotic classes that are intended to make using the language more fun for learners. Examples of these include a Turtle graphics class, a class for retrieving photos from Flickr, and classes for interacting with Microsoft Kinect sensors.{{cite web |title=System Requirements Kinect for Small Basic |url=https://ininet.org/system-requirements.html |website=ininet.org}}

To make the classes easier to use for learners, they have been simplified. This simplification is demonstrated through the code used to retrieve a random mountain-themed image from Flickr:

For i = 1 To 10

pic = Flickr.GetRandomPicture("mountains")

Desktop.SetWallPaper(pic)

Program.Delay(10000)

EndFor

Small Basic includes a "Turtle" graphics library that borrows from the Logo family of programming languages. For example, to draw a square using the turtle, the turtle is moved forward by a given number of pixels and rotated 90 degrees in a given direction. This action is then repeated four times to draw the four sides of the square.

For i = 1 to 4

Turtle.Move(100) ' Forward 100 pixels

Turtle.Turn(90) ' Turn 90 degrees right

EndFor

More complex drawings are possible by altering the turning angle of the turtle and the number of iterations of the loop. For example, one can draw a hexagon by setting the turn angle to 60 degrees and the number of iterations to six.

Small Basic allows the use of third-party libraries. These libraries must be written in a CLR-compatible language, and the compiled binaries must target a compatible .NET Framework version. The classes provided by the library are required to be static, flagged with a specific attribute, and must use a specific data type.

An example of a class to be used in Small Basic is provided below, written in C#.

[SmallBasicType]

public static class ExampleClass

{

public static Primitive Add(Primitive A, Primitive B) => A + B;

public static Primitive SomeProperty

{

get;

set;

}

public static Primitive Pi => (Primitive)3.14159;

}

If available, the Small Basic development environment will display documentation for third-party libraries. The development environment accepts documentation in the form of an XML file, which can be automatically generated from source code comments by tools such as Microsoft Visual Studio and MonoDevelop.{{cite web |last1=Protalinski |first1=Emil |title=Yet another programming language from Microsoft: Small Basic |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2008/11/yet-another-programming-language-from-microsoft-small-basic/ |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |date=17 November 2008}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{Cite book|author1-first=Majed|author1-last=Marji|author2-first=Ed|author2-last=Price|year=2016|title=Learn to Program with Small Basic: An Introduction to Programming with Games, Art, Science, and Math|publisher=No Starch Press|isbn=978-1593277024|url=https://nostarch.com/smallbasic}}
• {{Cite book|author1-first=Edward H|author1-last=Carlson|author2-first=Philip|author2-last=Philip Conrod|author3-first=Lou|author3-last=Tylee Conrod|year=2013|title=Small Basic For Kids: A Computer Programming Tutorial|publisher=Kidware Software|isbn=978-1937161828|url=https://kidware-software.e-junkie.com/product/233-V2-DL/Small-Basic-For-Kids---Second-Edition---Single-User---PDF-E-Book}}
• [http://channel9.msdn.com/posts/Charles/Expert-to-Expert-The-Basics-of-SmallBasic/ The Basics of Small Basic] discussion with Vijaye Raji and Erik Meijer on SmallBasic
• [http://channel9.msdn.com/shows/the%20knowledge%20chamber/intro-to-small-basic-with-vijaye-raji/ Introduction to Small Basic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711084516/http://channel9.msdn.com/shows/the%20knowledge%20chamber/intro-to-small-basic-with-vijaye-raji/ |date=2010-07-11 }} discussion with Vijaye Raji and Robert Hess on SmallBasic
• [http://www.simple-talk.com/dotnet/.net-tools/microsoft-small-basic-for-.net/ Microsoft Small Basic for .NET] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413043657/http://www.simple-talk.com/dotnet/.net-tools/microsoft-small-basic-for-.net/ |date=2016-04-13 }} Review of Microsoft Small Basic, with sample application
• [http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Category:Microsoft_Small_Basic Category:Microsoft Small Basic] Tasks implemented in Microsoft Small Basic on [http://rosettacode.org rosettacode.org]

{{Wikibooks|Windows Programming}}

• {{Official website|http://www.smallbasic.com}}
• {{GitHub|sb|Microsoft Small Basic}}

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