Middelaldercentret

{{Infobox museum

| name = Middelaldercentret

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| native_name_lang = Danish

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| image = Blide middelaldercentret.jpg

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| caption = The trebuchet at the Middle Ages Center

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| coordinates = {{coord|54.777|11.84|display=inline,title}}

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| established = {{Start date|1989}}

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| location = Middelaldercentret, Ved Hamborgskoven 2, Sundby. 4800 Nykøbing Falster

| type = Open-air museum

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| visitors = 44.968 (2016){{cite web | url=https://www.visitdenmark.dk/sites/default/files/VDK_Website_images/Pdf_other_files/Analyser/2017/attraktionslisten_top_300.pdf | title=VisitDenmarks Attraktionsliste 2017 - Top 300 | publisher=VisitDenmark | accessdate=2017-07-15 | archive-date= 2 July 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702204838/https://www.visitdenmark.dk/sites/default/files/VDK_Website_images/Pdf_other_files/Analyser/2017/attraktionslisten_top_300.pdf }}

| founder = Peter Vemming

| director = Poul Schreiner Hansen (interim director)

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| curator = Thit Birk Petersen{{cite web | url = http://www.middelaldercentret.dk/Ommiddelaldercentret/medarbejderne.html | title = Medarbejdere | accessdate = 2013-08-05 | publisher = Middelaldercentret | archive-date = 4 September 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140904063249/http://www.middelaldercentret.dk/Ommiddelaldercentret/medarbejderne.html }}

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| website = {{URL|https://middelaldercentret.dk/}}

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Middelaldercentret ({{Langx|en|The Medieval Centre}}) is an experimental living history archaeological open-air museum in Denmark, which depicts the Middle Ages in the Denmark of the late 14th and early 15th centuries. It is located in Sundby Lolland, some 4 km northwest of the centre of Nykøbing Falster on the waterfront of Guldborgsund.

It features a town built as part of a typical Danish market town with craftsmen, a harbour with ships and boats, and a market place. The employees are dressed in period costumes and live and work in the houses and do everyday activities such as craftmanship, cooking and weapon training. Furthermore, the museum has a variety of siege weapons of the period, such as trebuchets, a ballista and a cannon and smaller weapons such as handguns, longbows and crossbows. All of the items are built on site using period tools. Activities include live firing of the weapons daily, archery, knightly tournaments, and demonstrations of crafts and tasks from the late 14th century and early 15th centuries.

The employees are both permanent staff and unemployed people sent in job training from the municipality. In addition, a support association exists, from which a large group of volunteers participates in the daily work. All the involved people "live in the medieval period", which means that they do not know of modern things like television, cellphones and so on. The former curator of the centre was the historian, writer and lecturer Kåre Johannessen. By 2016, the curator was Thit Birk Petersen.{{cite web | url = http://www.middelaldercentret.dk/en/about-us | title = About Us | accessdate = 2015-05-29 | publisher = Middelaldercentret}} In 2021 Roeland Paardekooper took over as director{{cite news |last=Mogensen|first=Niki Treumer |url=https://folketidende.dk/Guldborgsund/Middelaldercentret-faar-ny-direktoer/artikel/573667 |title=Middelaldercentret får ny direktør |work=Lolland-Falsters Folketidende |publisher=Folketidende Gruppen |date=2021-01-30 |accessdate=2021-05-05 |archive-date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505085703/https://folketidende.dk/Guldborgsund/Middelaldercentret-faar-ny-direktoer/artikel/573667|url-status=unfit }}[https://exarc.net/history/exarc-director-moves-denmark EXARC Director moves to Denmark]. EXARC. Accessed 26/1-2021 He left the position in December 2023[https://folketidende.dk/guldborgsund/oenskede-som-direktoer-at-vaere-en-i-flokken ØNSKEDE SOM DIREKTØR AT VÆRE EN I FLOKKEN]. Lolland-Falsters Folketidende. Accessed 23/1-2023[https://folketidende.dk/guldborgsund/direktoeren-stopper Direktør stopper]. Lolland-Falsters Folketidende. Accessed 23/1-2023 allegedly because he was dismissed.[https://folketidende.dk/guldborgsund/mister-naesten-1-million-middelaldercenteret-i-kritisk-situation Middelaldercentret i "kritisk" situation]. Lolland-Falsters Folketidende. Accessed 10/10-2023 Poul Schreiner Hansen was installed as interim director after this.

Besides normal museum activities, the Middle Ages Centre does extensive research within the middle ages and different medieval technologies, and the museum has reconstructed weapons, ships, clothing and diving equipment among others. The museum has a reputation of being the most authentic place in Europe within the medieval period.{{cite web | url = http://www.kes.org.uk/living-history.html | title = Living History | accessdate = 2013-09-17 | publisher = King Edwards School | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130929130133/http://www.kes.org.uk/living-history.html | archive-date = 2013-09-29 | url-status = dead }} Due to the authenticity the medieval town has been used as a setting for many movies, documentaries and TV series.

History

File:Jousting at Middelaldercentret2.jpg at the museum]]

The Middle Ages Centre started with the reconstruction of a medieval siege weapon, called a trebuchet, built to mark the 700th anniversary of Nykøbing Falster in 1989. The local museum reconstructed the trebuchet and the experiment ran for three weeks in which 15000{{cite web | url = http://www.middelaldercentret.dk/Ommiddelaldercentret/lidthistorie.html | title = Lidt historie | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | publisher = www.Middelaldercentret.dk | language = Danish | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121115082148/http://www.middelaldercentret.dk/Ommiddelaldercentret/lidthistorie.html | archivedate = 2012-11-15 }}–30000{{cite web | url = http://politiken.dk/incoming/ECE214732/jagt-paa-krudt-til-perfekte-vaaben/ | title = Jagt på krudt til perfekte våben | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | last = Schmidt | first = Anders Legarth | date = 2006-01-26 | work = Politiken | language = Danish}} people visited the site. Given the considerable interest in the trebuchet, a scoping project, "Medieval Technology Centre", was conducted for two months in the summer of 1991. The project consisted of a series of workshops and a kitchen tent set up around the trebuchet. As a private institution, The Middle Ages Centre was founded in 1992. Two years later, in 1994, a donation from Arbejdsmarkedets Feriefond (a non-profit foundation) made it possible to build an entire settlement with houses, tournament lists, a harbour, and a new entrance building.{{cite web |date=June 14, 2005 |title=Reconstructing Medieval Artillery |url=http://archive.archaeology.org/online/interviews/vemming/index.html |accessdate=2013-01-30 |publisher=archive.archaeology.org}} Since then, more houses have been built and one major new project is carried out each year.

{{multiple image

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| footer = Wind powered lift, an example from the technology park

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| caption1 = Illustration from the manuscript of Hans Talhoffer

| image2 = Teknologipark - vinddreven elevator.jpg

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| caption2 = Reconstruction in full size

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In 2013 the museum opened a technology park where inventions and technologies from the medieval period have been built full size for the audience to try. Many of these have not been built before and have only been an idea on a paper and some would never work in reality such a perpetual motion machine and the world's first car built from a drawing from the Italian engineer Giovanni Fontana.{{cite web | url = http://www.dr.dk/P4/Sjaelland/Nyheder/Guldborgsund/2012/05/25/143444.htm | title = Middelaldercenter får en teknologi-park | accessdate = 2013-09-17 | last = Palm | first = Kim | date = 2012-05-25 | publisher = Danmarks Radio | language = Danish}}{{cite web | url = http://www.tv2east.dk/artikler/verdens-aeldste-bil | title = Verdens ældste bil | accessdate = 2013-09-18 | date = 2012-12-29 | publisher = Tv2 øst | language = Danish}} In 2014 a new war wagon was introduced and added to the daily display of siege engines. It is made from a depiction from the manuscript Hausbuch at Schloss Wolfegg and is said to be the first tank in history.{{cite news |last=Drejer |first=Katja |title=Verdens første kampvogn genskabt |work=Ugebladet Sydsjælland og Møn |publisher=Sjællandske Medier |date=2014-04-15 | language = Danish}}{{cite web |url=http://guldborgsundgildet.dk/ViewNew.aspx?id=39 |title=Sæsonen er igang |publisher=Guldborgsund Gildet |date=2014-05-01 |accessdate=2014-05-10 | language = Danish}}{{cite news |last=Hovgaard |first=Lars |title=Middelaldercentret åbnede med et brag |work=Lolland-Falsters Folketidende |location=Nykøbing Falster |publisher=Folketidende Gruppen |date=2014-05-02 | language = Danish}}

In 2020 the museum opened a new attraction called Griffenholm which is an area with treetop houses with a steampunk like interior and elements from Jules Verne and Harry Potter where a fictional professor is investigating the area for mythical creatures from the middle ages.{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/centret/posts/2588699274533559?__xts__%5B0%5D=68.ARA4Fx2mY5fH-RK8pFceL6ujrFSIDmXBSp8UmIjhylerzFWJgUWIXijBqfJY7G-kfgM0FxfrWZ2Z9RQ-n_Ngulw_tCTlwW_dgQ0RU44aK1p1zlyQjkfhjepFK_O4sO_IUnlqptJrt3B8ax8FtyIQffnfUaPEhxWy7m9abQ4HX_Zf7xMZnWTOmcY6mBnlBuY3Bc8uAaewW_0NkYu5dFjry0ml0uZOxa5vQS6gihH-an94bBskhMJS_DtO4FClyBW3EDCXGSZXehUknk1nPL09dzsEYBJg97zgJ9i5tlIxRxpWGHKoK9I8UACPznK1FH2oi4SC1ZfxUoTkK6rBKRfnPi53Rw&__tn__=-R |title=Langt, langt væk fra civilisationen |publisher=Middelaldercentret |date=2019-04-01 |accessdate=2019-04-29 }} [https://www.facebook.com/centret/posts/2588699274533559?__xts__%5B0%5D=68.ARA4Fx2mY5fH-RK8pFceL6ujrFSIDmXBSp8UmIjhylerzFWJgUWIXijBqfJY7G-kfgM0FxfrWZ2Z9RQ-n_Ngulw_tCTlwW_dgQ0RU44aK1p1zlyQjkfhjepFK_O4sO_IUnlqptJrt3B8ax8FtyIQffnfUaPEhxWy7m9abQ4HX_Zf7xMZnWTOmcY6mBnlBuY3Bc8uAaewW_0NkYu5dFjry0ml0uZOxa5vQS6gihH-an94bBskhMJS_DtO4FClyBW3EDCXGSZXehUknk1nPL09dzsEYBJg97zgJ9i5tlIxRxpWGHKoK9I8UACPznK1FH2oi4SC1ZfxUoTkK6rBKRfnPi53Rw&__tn__=-R Arkiveret]{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/centret/videos/1995430794086847/?__xts__%5B0%5D=68.ARDdHi7sznIWKcbu4_DHDcCcij8nt9ey0aQJG1Y0vmZDIteaLP5odJDgKndNEfNqKcaAIGK1kHvCtbQRYxmsVjrwm4egTqliY76AJKAwM1lRkVnRfT7bJOxPGYUo6T0ACD2aCZhNpWMZciQLmysLsMFxY5l0zxPoF0D7EbyQJCiIv_YK3HI81vui3LID5mEjeCTfV_XmHq9-XvKwxAKopq4bBy1Yel3962dRLJn1hmul7YiRvWqrmDu_RRy4sGZByzvq37FVCDqvH42_3nwkLzjsm3ZkRpkWg8pHLzCyexVQsBRS3qeJZTJH4HAoP79LUlZEyqgSdFKROonKWY9G6iks2xMyroFM_-k&__tn__=-R |title=På et isoleret område på centret |publisher=Middelaldercentret |date=2019-03-05 |accessdate=2019-04-29 |archive-date=29 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429130259/https://www.facebook.com/centret/videos/1995430794086847/?__xts__%5B0%5D=68.ARDdHi7sznIWKcbu4_DHDcCcij8nt9ey0aQJG1Y0vmZDIteaLP5odJDgKndNEfNqKcaAIGK1kHvCtbQRYxmsVjrwm4egTqliY76AJKAwM1lRkVnRfT7bJOxPGYUo6T0ACD2aCZhNpWMZciQLmysLsMFxY5l0zxPoF0D7EbyQJCiIv_YK3HI81vui3LID5mEjeCTfV_XmHq9-XvKwxAKopq4bBy1Yel3962dRLJn1hmul7YiRvWqrmDu_RRy4sGZByzvq37FVCDqvH42_3nwkLzjsm3ZkRpkWg8pHLzCyexVQsBRS3qeJZTJH4HAoP79LUlZEyqgSdFKROonKWY9G6iks2xMyroFM_-k&__tn__=-R |url-status=unfit }}{{cite news |last=Friis |first=Niels |url=https://ekstrabladet.dk/ferie/ny-miniby-aabner-i-traeerne/7633405 |title=Ny miniby åbner i træernen |work=Ekstra Bladet |publisher=JP/Politikens Hus |date=2019-05-15 |accessdate=2019-11-21 |archive-date=21 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121120324/https://ekstrabladet.dk/ferie/ny-miniby-aabner-i-traeerne/7633405 |url-status=unfit }} The area is mostly for schools but is also used for escape rooms.

Concept

Living history is central to The Middle Ages Centre and the focus is a Danish market town in the period around the year 1400. The centre follows the current calendar, but offset by 610 years – in 2014 the year 1404 is depicted and so on.

The centre's work is based on thorough research. The purpose of the work is partly dissemination, but also academic research, especially in the form of so-called experimental archaeology where ancient tools and technology is reconstructed on the basis of extant sources and objects in exhibitions around the world, and then tested in practice.

Staff and volunteers dress in period costume, and live in the opening hours just as they would have 610 years ago. Both volunteers and employees are thoroughly trained so as to make sure that they are professionally equipped to assume the role of medieval people.{{cite web | url = http://middelaldercentret.dk/Engelsk/volounteers.html | title = Becoming volunteer at the Medieval Centre | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | publisher = Middelaldercentret.dk}}{{cite web | url = http://guldborgsundgildet.dk/ViewSubPage.aspx?id=4 | title = Frivillig på feltet | accessdate = 2013-03-07 | publisher = Guldborgsundgildet.dk | language = Danish}} Neither glasses nor piercings are allowed and the inhabitants don't know about mobile phones, TV or other modern things, as these are not a part of the concept.{{cite web | url = http://middelaldercentret.dk/Ommiddelaldercentret/formidlingen.html | title = En særlig formidlingsform: Vi er i Det Herrens År ... | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | publisher = Middelaldercentret.dk | language = Danish | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121116153637/http://www.middelaldercentret.dk/Ommiddelaldercentret/formidlingen.html | archivedate = 2012-11-16 }} Volunteers are co-ordinated by the Guldborgsund Guild (Guldborgsund Gildet).[http://guldborgsundgildet.dk/ViewContentPage.aspx?id=1 Guldborgsund Gildet]. Official Website of the Volunteer community

The museum has a restaurant called The Golden Swann, which is furnished as a dining hall at a major Danish castle around 1400. It serves authentic medieval food by candlelight. The restaurant is independent but meets the same requirements regarding authenticity as the rest of the centre.{{cite web | url = http://middelaldercentret.dk/Engelsk/placestoeat.html | title = Are you in need of a refreshment | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | publisher = Middelaldercentret.dk}}

Research and reconstructions

File:Trebuchet at Warwick Castle, 2009.jpg build by Middelaldercentret]]

The centre was the first in the world to reconstruct an actual working trebuchet in 1989. Since then the centre has been hired to help build the trebuchet at Warwick Castle, Warwickshire, England which was the largest functioning trebuchet in the world for six years.{{cite web | url = http://www.warwicksiege.com/warwick_trebuchet.asp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060221034628/http://www.warwicksiege.com/warwick_trebuchet.asp | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2006-02-21 | title = The Warwick Trebuchet | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | publisher = warwicksiege.com }} In 2011 the Middelaldercentret took back the record, putting a longer throwing arm on the machine after the old one broke. The new throwing arm is just 5 centimeters longer than the one on the machine at Warwick Castle.[https://folketidende.dk/Lokal-nyt/Lokal-blide-oedelaegger-engelsk-middelalderhus/artikel/291831 Lokal blide ødelægger engelsk middelalderhus.] Retrieved 24 September 2021.

Together with Moesgård Museum the museum has reconstructed the world's oldest cannon cast in bronze.

The centre participated in the third Galathea expedition (2006–2007) and researched both sulfur and saltpeter in black powder production in Puducherry, India and transportation to Europe.{{cite web | url = http://middelaldercentret.dk/Engelsk/aboutthecentre.html | title = About the centre | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | publisher = Middelaldercentret.dk}} Furthermore, research regarding textiles, winter habitation, and the manufacture of medieval war machinery has been carried out.{{cite web | url = http://middelaldercentret.dk/Engelsk/projects.html | title = Research and projects | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | publisher = Middelaldercentret.dk}}

A conference about black powder manufacturing was held at Middelaldercentret in 2010.{{cite web | url = http://middelaldercentret.dk/Projekter/hox.html | title = Trebuchet to Cannon: Military Technology 1000-1600 | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | publisher = Middelaldercentret.dk | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121014053408/http://www.middelaldercentret.dk/Projekter/hox.html | archivedate = 2012-10-14 }}

The construction of a medieval church began in 2010.{{cite web | url = http://folketidende.dk/node/150480 | title = Middelaldercenteret får en travl sæson | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | last = Drejer | first = Katja | date = 2011-04-19 | work = Folketidende | language = Danish}} It is a reconstruction of Kippinge Church in northwestern Falster, Denmark.{{cite web | url = http://middelaldercentret.dk/Ommiddelaldercentret/kirkebyggeriet.html | title = Kirkebyggepladsen | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | publisher = Middelaldercentret.dk | language = Danish | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130513035819/http://www.middelaldercentret.dk/Ommiddelaldercentret/kirkebyggeriet.html | archivedate = 2013-05-13 }}

Other

File:Middelaldercenter1.JPG

Medieval reenactment groups from around the world visit the centre during the season. Since 2010, there has been held a week-long festival during the summer holidays, where international reenactment groups have been invited. During these specific festivals, the time period and region of interest being portrayed been extended to embrace broader medieval life.{{cite web | url = http://www.middelaldercentret.dk/events/ridderfestival.html

| title = International Ridderfestival | accessdate = 2013-04-16 | publisher = www.middelaldercentret.dk | language = Danish}} The international group Company of Saynt George, dealing with the years 1460–1490, has been a guest several times at these events.{{cite web | url = http://www.companie-of-st-george.ch/cms/?q=en/introducing-the-nykobing-event | title = Introducing the Nykøbing Event | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | publisher = companie-of-st-george.ch}} The centre also runs courses on historical use of medieval weaponry, which are often attended by members of historical European martial arts groups, such as the Laurentius Guild{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}.

A historical reenactment society from King Edward's School, Birmingham have visited the museum several times as a part of their education.

Given its unique medieval features, the town it has been used as a set for both national and international film productions. Thus both National Geographic Channel has recorded a documentary about early inventions such as diving equipment and throwing machines{{cite web | url = http://folketidende.dk/node/116431 | title = - Det er kun dejligt | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | date = 2010-08-10 | publisher = Folketidende | language = Danish}} and the Danish movie Vølvens Forbandelse and the German film 12 Paces Without a Head has scenes shot at the centre.{{cite web | url = http://folketidende.dk/node/10874 | title = Filmselskaber er vilde med middelalderen | accessdate = 2013-01-30 | date = 2008-09-26 | publisher = Folketidende | language = Danish}} In 2006 the documentary program Mark Williams' Big Bangs which is a history of explosives with Mark Williams used the centre to blow up a boat for the series. Weapons from the centre has also been used in the History Channel series Ancient Discoveries.