Miguel Trovoada
{{Short description|São Toméan politician (born 1936)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Portuguese name|da Cunha Lisboa| Trovoada}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Miguel Trovoada
| image = Visit of Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe, to the EC (cropped).jpg
|caption=Trovoada in 1995
| office = 2nd President of São Tomé and Príncipe
| primeminister = Carlos Graça
Armindo Vaz d'Almeida
Raul Bragança Neto
Guilherme Posser da Costa
| term_start = 21 August 1995
| term_end = 3 September 2001
| predecessor = Manuel Quintas de Almeida (acting)
| successor = Fradique de Menezes
| office2 =
| term_start2 = 3 April 1991
| term_end2 = 15 August 1995
| predecessor2 = Leonel Mário d'Alva (acting)
| successor2 = Manuel Quintas de Almeida (acting)
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1936|12|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = São Tomé, Overseas Province of São Tomé and Príncipe, Portugal
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = Independent Democratic Action
| spouse = Maria Helena Trovoada
| alma_mater = University of Lisbon
| office3 = 1st Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe
| term_start3 = 12 July 1975
| term_end3 = 9 April 1979
| successor3 = Celestino Rocha da Costa
| president3 = Manuel Pinto da Costa
| predecessor3 = Position established
| primeminister2 = Daniel Daio
Norberto Costa Alegre
Evaristo Carvalho
Carlos Graça
}}
Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada (born 27 December 1936){{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q-cjAQAAIAAJ&q=Miguel+Trovoada+1936 | title=Clements' Encyclopedia of World Governments| last1=Clements| first1=John| year=1994}} is a São Toméan politician who was the prime minister from 1975 to 1979 and second president of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1991 to 2001. On 16 July 2014, he was appointed the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS). Prior to this, he was the executive secretary of the Gulf of Guinea Commission.
Background
Born in the city of São Tomé, Trovoada attended secondary school in Angola before studying law at the University of Lisbon in Portugal. In 1960 he cofounded, with former classmate Manuel Pinto da Costa, the Committee for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (CLSTP) – which was renamed the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe in 1972. Operating out of its headquarters in Gabon, Trovoada served as the movement's foreign affairs director from 1961 to 1975 and was instrumental in gaining Organization of African Unity (OAU) recognition for the MLSTP in 1972.
After the fall of the Estado Novo regime in Portugal due to the Carnation Revolution, Trovoada served as the São Tomé and Príncipe first Prime Minister and Minister of Defence{{cite book |last1=Seibert |first1=Gerhard |title=Comrades, clients and cousins: colonialism, socialism and democratization in Sao Tome and Principe |date=2006 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=9004147365 |edition=2nd, completely revised and updated}} (12 July 1975 – March 1979). However, relations between the President and Prime Minister soon deteriorated, culminating in 1979 when President da Costa abolished the post of Prime Minister. Several months later, Trovoada was charged with plotting against the government. After being arrested and detained for 21 months, Trovoada went into exile in France. In May 1990, following the adoption of a democratic constitution, he returned to his country and campaigned for president.
In 1991, Trovoada was elected President in the country's first multiparty presidential election; he was re-elected in 1996. When he first ran for President, he was not a member of any political party, but by the end of his first term he had formed a new political party – Independent Democratic Action (ADI).
His government was briefly overthrown in a coup d'etat from 15 August 1995 to 21 August 1995.
President Trovoada's term ended on 3 September 2001 when Fradique de Menezes was sworn in as the new head of state.
Trovoada took office as executive secretary of the Gulf of Guinea Commission on 21 January 2009.[http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/en_us/noticias/politica/Sao-Tome-president-congratulates-secretary-Gulf-Guinea-Commission,b416fa04-ed8a-44d8-af29-f38b3fef1ad5.html "São Tomé president congratulates secretary of Gulf of Guinea Commission"], AngolaPress, 22 January 2009.
Miguel Trovoada's son Patrice Trovoada is also a politician and served as Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe in 2008.
References
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{{succession box|title=Foreign Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe|before=(–)|after=Leonel Mário d'Alva|years=1975}}
{{succession box|title=Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe|before=Leonel Mário d'Alva|after=Post Abolished|years=1975–1979}}
{{succession box|title=President of São Tomé and Príncipe|before=Manuel Pinto da Costa|after=Fradique de Menezes|years=1991–2001}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Trovoada, Miguel}}
Category:Heads of state of São Tomé and Príncipe
Category:Prime ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe
Category:Foreign ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe
Category:Defence ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe
Category:Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social Democratic Party politicians
Category:Independent Democratic Action politicians