Milecastle 1

Milecastle 1 was a short-axis milecastle of unknown gateway type. Short-axis milecastles were thought to have been constructed by the legio II Augusta who were based in Isca Augusta (Caerleon).{{cite book |first=David J |last=Breeze |first2=Brian |last2=Dobson |year=1976

|title=Hadrian's Wall | publisher=Allen Lane | isbn=0-14-027182-1 | pages = 14–15}}

Milecastle 1 Easting and Northing:

Easting: 360162

Northing: 563796{{Cite web|url=http://www.twsitelines.info/SMR/200|title=Hadrian's Wall, St.Francis Presbytery-Tunstall Avenue (Wall m {{!}} sitelines.newcastle.gov.uk|website=www.twsitelines.info|access-date=2018-05-25}}

Milecastle 1 English Heritage number: 1003507.{{NHLE|num=1003507|desc=Hadrian's Wall in wall mile 1, three sections between Stotts Road and Vauxhall Road, Newcastle upon Tyne |access-date=2018-05-25}}

• 1732 - Horsley recorded the milecastle as short-axis and also its proximity to Stott's Pow.{{Citation | last=Horsley | first=John | author-link=John Horsley (antiquarian)

| title=Britannia Romana or the Roman Antiquities of Britain

| year=1732 | publisher=Frank Graham | publication-date=1974 | isbn=0-85983-090-X }}

• 1848 - Collingwood Bruce studied the wall{{Citation | first = David J | last = Breeze

| title = Handbook to the Roman Wall (14th Revised edition - Nov 2006)

| publisher = Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne | year = 1934 | isbn = 0-901082-65-1

| pages = 17}} and wrote:{{PastScape |num=24837|desc=Milecastle1|access-date=17 May 2010}} {{cquote|On the top of the rise about 80 yds from the brook (Stott's Pow) is the site of the first milecastle. The ground is under tillage, but its slightly elevated surface, (has a) number of small stones... sprinkled over it...}}

• 1852-4 - Henry MacLauchlan surveyed the milecastle's position and recorded it as a short-axis milecastle.{{Citation | first = Henry | last = Maclauchlan

| title = Memoir Written During A Survey Of The Roman Wall: Through The Counties Of Northumberland And Cumberland, In The Years 1852-1854

| publisher = Kessinger Publishing Co | year = 1858 | isbn = 1-4370-5803-5

}}

• 1928 - F G Simpson tested the site and found only Roman occupation soil and debris remained, assuming that even the foundations had been robbed away. Simpson measured from outside edge of the east gate of Segedunum to the centre of Milecastle 1 at {{convert|1,443|yards|m}}. His measurements between the centres of Milecastle 1 and Milecastle 2 was ed {{convert|1,453|yards|m}}.
• 1947 - The recreation ground which now covers the site of Milecastle 1 was leveled in 1947. Part of the "Wall Ditch" and traces of the milecastle were still according to Grace Simpson. She also stated in her notes (circa 1978) that the fragment of Wall Ditch had now completely disappeared but the trace of the milecastle was still faintly discernible.
• 1975 - English Heritage Field Investigation. It was noted that:{{cquote|The site falls in landscaped gardens surrounding a bowling green and there is no trace of the Milecastle.}}
• 1978 - Grace Simpson (circa 1978) that the fragment of Wall Ditch had now completely disappeared but the "trace of the Milecastle ... is still faintly discernible".{{Cite web|url=https://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=24837&sort=4&search=all&criteria=Milecastle%201&rational=q&recordsperpage=10|title=Pastscape - Detailed Result: MILECASTLE 1|website=www.pastscape.org.uk|access-date=2018-05-25}}

Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with Milecastle 1 are known as Turret 1A and Turret 1B.

{{Plainlist|

• Turret 1A was probably located very near to what is now the junction of the A187 Fossway, and Coutts Road. This is based on measurement, and no evidence of the turret has been identified.{{PastScape|mnumber=24781

|mname=Turret 1A|access-date=17 May 2010}} An alternative location would be a third of a Roman mile between the site of Horsely's Milcastle 1 (Turret 0B) and Milecastle 2 (location also doubtful).{{PastScape|mnumber=24778

|mname=Alternative Turret 1A|access-date=17 May 2010}}

• Location on Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map: {{coord|54.981990|-1.557071|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Turret 1B}}
• Alternative location on Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map: {{coord|54.983713|-1.549161|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Turret 1B}}

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{{Plainlist|

• Turret 1B was probably located just west of the junction of the A187 Fossway, and Roman Avenue. This location was suggested by FG Simpson, and is based on measurements from Milecastle 2 (the location of which is also in doubt). No evidence of the turret has been identified.{{PastScape|mnumber=24786

| mname=Turret 1B | access-date=18 May 2010}}

• Location on Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map: {{coord|54.981069|-1.563253|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Turret 1B}}

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{{Milecastles}}

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