Milunka Savić
{{Short description|Serbian war heroine}}
{{Expand Serbian|Милунка_Савић|date=February 2024|topic=bio}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-suffix =
| name = Milunka Savić
| birth_date = 28 June 1892 or 10 August 1890
| death_date = 5 October 1973 (age 81)
| birth_place = Koprivnica, Kingdom of Serbia
| death_place = Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia
| native_name = Милунка Савић
| image = Milunka Savić.jpg
| caption = Sergeant Milunka Savić
| allegiance = {{flagicon|Kingdom of Serbia}} Kingdom of Serbia
{{flagicon|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
| serviceyears = 1912–1919
| rank = Sergeant
| commands =
| battles = First Balkan War
Second Balkan War
{{tree list}}
- World War I
- Serbian campaign (1914)
- Battle of Cer
- Battle of the Drina
- Battle of Kolubara
- Thessaloniki Front
{{tree list/end}}
| family =
| laterwork =
| enteredservice =
| awards = {{plainlist |
- {{flagicon image|Order of the Karađorđe's Star with Swords rib.png}} Order of the Star of Karađorđe with Swords (twice)
- Miloš Obilić medal
- Cross of St. George
- Légion d’Honneur (twice)
- Croix de Guerre with gold palm
- Order of St Michael }}
}}
Milunka Savić CMG ({{lang-sr-cyr|Милунка Савић}}; 28 June 1892 – 5 October 1973){{cite web |url=http://www.milunkasavic.rs/omilunki |title=Milunka Savić at milunkasavic.rs |date=2016-04-21 |accessdate=2016-04-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502224436/http://www.milunkasavic.rs/omilunki |archivedate=2016-05-02 }} was a Serbian war heroine who fought in the Balkan Wars and in World War I. She is the most-decorated female combatant in the history of warfare.{{cite web|url=http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Reportaza/201674/Pred-Milunkom-su-i-generali-salutirali|title=Pred Milunkom su i generali salutirali|year=2009|accessdate=2012-09-30}}
Military career
Savić was born in 1889, in the village of Koprivnica, near Novi Pazar, in Serbia. In 1912, her brother who was ill with tuberculosis received call-up papers for mobilization for the First Balkan War. She chose to go in his place — cutting her hair and donning men's clothes and joining the Serbian army. She quickly saw combat and received her first medal and was promoted to corporal in the Battle of Bregalnica. Engaged in battle, she sustained wounds and it was only then, when recovering from her injuries in hospital, that her true gender was revealed, much to the surprise of the attending physicians.
Mental Floss{{unreliable source|date=July 2020}} described the repercussions:
"Savic was called before her commanding officer. They didn't want to punish her, because she had proven a valuable and highly competent soldier. The military deployment that had resulted in her sex being revealed had been her tenth. But neither was it suitable for a young woman to be in combat. She was offered a transfer to the Nursing division. Savic stood at attention and insisted she only wanted to fight for her country as a combatant. The officer said he'd think it over and give her his answer the next day. Still standing at attention, Savic responded, "I will wait." It is said he only made her stand an hour before agreeing to send her back to the infantry."{{cite web|url=http://www.mentalfloss.com/article/52603/5-fiercest-one-liners-history|title=5 of the Fiercest One-Liners in History | Mental Floss|date=6 September 2013 |publisher=mentalfloss.com|accessdate=2014-04-30}}
In 1914, in the early days of World War I, Savić was awarded her first Karađorđe Star with Swords after the Battle of Kolubara. She received her second Karađorđe Star (with Swords) after the Battle of the Crna Bend in 1916 when she captured 23 Bulgarian soldiers single-handedly.
=Military honors=
She was awarded the French Légion d’Honneur (Legion of Honour) twice, as well as the Russian Cross of St. George, the British medal of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael, and the Serbian Miloš Obilić medal. She was the sole female recipient of the French Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 with the gold palm attribute for service in World War I.
Later life
File:Statue of WW1 heroine Milunka Savić in Inđija3.jpg]]
She was demobilised in 1919, and turned down an offer to move to France, where she was eligible to collect a comfortable French army pension. Instead, she chose to live in Belgrade and found work as a postal worker. In 1923, she married Veljko Gligorijević, whom she met in Mostar, and divorced immediately after the birth of their daughter Milena. She also adopted three other daughters. In the interwar period, Milunka was largely forgotten by the general public. She worked several menial jobs up to 1927, after which she had steady employment as a cleaning lady in the State Mortgage Bank. Eight years later, she was promoted to cleaning the offices of the general manager.
In 1945, with the arrival of socialism to power, she was given a state pension, and continued to live in her house in Belgrade's Voždovac neighborhood. By the late 1950s her daughter was hospitalized, and she was living in a crumbling house in Voždovac with her three adopted children: Milka, a forgotten child from the railway station in Stalac; Radmila-Višnja; and Zorka, a fatherless girl from Dalmatia. Later, when she attended the jubilee celebrations wearing her military medals, other military officers spoke with her and heard of her courageous actions. News spread and at last she gained recognition. In 1972, public pressure and a newspaper article highlighting her difficult housing and financial situation led to her being given a small apartment by the Belgrade City Assembly.
She died in Belgrade on October 5 1973, aged 81, and was buried in Belgrade New Cemetery.
Legacy
The birth house of Milunka Savić was rebuilt in Koprivnica in 2015. Ethnological exhibition in the house contains items that date from the time when she lived there (the first half of the 20th century).{{Cite web |title=Birth house of Milunka Savić {{!}} Туристичка организација Рашка |url=https://raskaturizam.rs/en/activity/birth-house-of-milunka-savic-2/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=raskaturizam.rs}}
A memorial complex with a permanent exhibition devoted to Milunka Savić was opened in October 2020 in Jošanička Banja.{{Cite web|title=Otvara se spomen soba Milunke Savić|url=https://kaleidoskop-media.com/identitet-u-amanet/otvara-se-spomen-soba-milunke-savic|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Kaleidoskop}}{{Cite web|last=Vojvodine|first=Javna medijska ustanova JMU Radio-televizija|title=Spomen soba Milunki Savić u Jošaničkoj banji|url=http://rtv.rs/sr_lat/drustvo/spomen-soba-milunki-savic-u-josanickoj-banji_1164139.html|access-date=2020-10-09|website=JMU Radio-televizija Vojvodine}}
A monument to Savić was unveiled in Belgrade in 2024.{{Cite web |date=2024-07-07 |title=Spomenik Milunki Savić u Beogradu {{!}} Beogradske vesti |url=https://beogradskevesti.info/spomenik-milunki-savic-u-beogradu/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |language=sr-RS}}
In 2022, Swedish heavy metal band Sabaton covered her story in their song "Lady of the Dark".{{Cite web |title=Lady Of The Dark |url=https://www.sabaton.net/discography/the-war-to-end-all-wars/lady-of-the-dark/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Sabaton Official Website |language=en-US}}
See also
- {{annotated link|Flora Sandes}}
- {{annotated link|Sofija Jovanović}}
- {{annotated link|Ecaterina Teodoroiu}}
- {{annotated link|Maria Bochkareva}}
- {{annotated link|Antonija Javornik}}
- {{annotated link|Leslie Joy Whitehead}}
- {{annotated link|Olive Kelso King}}
- {{annotated link|Women in the military}}
References
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{{refend}}
Sources
- {{cite book|author1=Видоје Д Голубовић|author2=Предраг Павловић|author3=Новица Пешић|title=Добровољка Милунка Савић: српска хероина|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HNbQoQEACAAJ|year=2013|publisher=Udruženje Ratnih Dobrovoljaca 1912 - 1918, Njihovih Potomaka i Poštovalaca|isbn=978-86-84083-17-5}}
External links
{{Commonscat|Milunka Savić}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014040044/http://www.wieninternational.at/en/aktuell/the-hero-who-was-a-heroine-en The hero who was a heroine] in wien.international.at
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Savic, Milunka}}
Category:People from Novi Pazar
Category:20th-century Serbian people
Category:Banjica concentration camp inmates
Category:Female wartime cross-dressers
Category:Serbian military personnel of World War I
Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Category:Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Category:Recipients of the Cross of St. George
Category:Honorary companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Category:Serbian women in World War I
Category:Banjica concentration camp survivors
Category:Royal Serbian Army soldiers