Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District
{{Short description|Government agency in Milwaukee}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District
| type = Sewage treatment
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| formed = {{Start date|1982}}
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| jurisdiction = Milwaukee, Ozaukee and Racine counties
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| headquarters = 260 W. Seeboth Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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| website = {{URL|mmsd.com}}
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File:Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District.jpg
The Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) is a regional government agency that provides water reclamation and flood management services for about 1.1 million people in 28 communities in the Greater Milwaukee Area. A recipient of the U.S. Water Prize{{Cite web|url=https://city.milwaukee.gov/WCC/Principles/Water-Technology/Water-Leadership|title=City of Milwaukee - US Water Prize}} and many other awards, the District has a [https://www.mmsd.com/about-us/how-we-are-doing record of 98.4 percent], since 1994, for capturing and cleaning wastewater from 28 communities in a {{convert|411|mi2|km2|adj=on}} area. The national goal is 85 percent of all the rain and wastewater that enters their sewer systems.
With headquarters and a central laboratory along the Menomonee River near downtown Milwaukee, it has two wastewater treatment plants: the Jones Island Water Reclamation Facility, which is located at Jones Island ({{Coord|43|01|23.5|N|87|53|58|W|}}) in Milwaukee, and a second facility at the South Shore ({{Coord|42|53|16|N|87|50|44|W|}}) in Oak Creek. These facilities were operated by United Water under a 10-year agreement ending March 1, 2008. Veolia Water is the current operator.
"The world’s first large scale wastewater treatment plant was constructed on Jones Island, near the shore of Lake Michigan."{{cite web |url=http://warnell.forestry.uga.edu/service/library/for05-001/for05-001.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530100406/http://warnell.forestry.uga.edu/service/library/for05-001/for05-001.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-05-30 |title=Using Milorganite to temporarily repel white-tailed deer from food plots |first1=Odin L. |last1=Stephens |first2=Michael T. |last2=Mengak |first3=David |last3=Osborn |first4=Karl V. |last4=Miller |publisher=WSFR |work=Wildlife Management Series |number=2 |date=March 2005 }} The primary wastewater treatment plant at Jones Island was one of the first of its kind when the original activated sludge plant was constructed in 1925. MMSD was the first to market biosolids created through this process as a fertilizer under the name "Milorganite."{{cite report |title=Historic Documentation of the Jones Island West Plant |publisher=Milwaukee Water Pollution Abatement Program |date=1982 |url=https://www.mmsd.com/application/files/6114/8416/5340/Jones_Island_History.pdf |access-date=2024-10-06 |format=pdf}}{{Cite web |url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/wi/wi0100/wi0154/data/wi0154data.pdf |title=Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewage Treatment Plant |last=Merritt |first=Raymond H. |date=1982 |work=Historic American Engineering Record |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=October 14, 2021}} The Jones Island Plant was among the first sewage treatment plants in the United States to succeed in using the activated sludge treatment process. "It was the first treatment facility to economically dispose of the recovered sludge by producing an organic fertilizer." In the early 1980s the plant needed extensive reworking, "this does not detract from its historic significance as a pioneering facility in the field of pollution control technology." It had the largest capacity of any plant in the world when constructed.{{cite book |url=http://www.freese.com/sites/default/files/Century.pdf |page=44 |title=A Century in the Works: 100 Years of Progress in Civil and Environmental Engineering; Freese and Nichols Consulting Engineers 1894-1994 |first1=Simon W., P.E. |last1=Freese |first2=Deborah Lightfoot |last2=Sizemore |access-date=April 2, 2014}} Its present treatment capacity is 390 million gallons per day, but average flow was only 105 million gallons per day between 2015 and 2019.{{cite web |title=2021 Proposed Operations and Maintenance and Capital Budgets |url=https://www.mmsd.com/application/files/8815/9966/4799/2021_Proposed_Operations_and_Maintenance_and_Capital_Budgetsv2_web.pdf |publisher=Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District |access-date=20 January 2022}} The 1925 plant has been designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers.{{cite press release |author=American Society of Civil Engineers |author-link=American Society of Civil Engineers |date=August 13, 1974 |title=Regarding designation of the Jones Island plant as a national engineering landmark}}{{cite web |url=http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/20017WTF.txt?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=1976%20Thru%201980&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&UseQField=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5CZYFILES%5CINDEX%20DATA%5C76THRU80%5CTXT%5C00000009%5C20017WTF.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=p%7Cf&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=1 |title=Environmental Draft Impact Statement: Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewage District; Water Pollution Abatement Program, No. E1S801072DB |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency |date=November 1980 |page=V-100 |access-date=April 1, 2014}} MMSD has maintained an inline storage system (ISS) based on tunnels to store and convey wet weather flows, including combined sewage, since 1994. The ISS tunnels have a total capacity of {{Convert|400|e6gal|L}} and a combined length of over {{Convert|20|mi}}. Since 1994, the ISS tunnels have prevented more than {{Convert|37|e9gal|L}} of combined sewer overflows (CSOs){{Cite web|url=https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/cso_reporttocongress_lakemichigan.pdf|title=EPA Report to Congress Combined Sewer Overflows to the Lake Michigan Basin}} and sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) from entering area waterways, including Lake Michigan. Between 1994 and 2000, CSOs decreased from 40 to 60 events per year to an average of 2.5 events per year (WDNR 2001).
MMSD Initiatives
= Flood Management =
Flooding and erosion of the watersheds in the greater Milwaukee area threaten public health and private property. Watersheds boundaries do not necessarily follow municipal boundaries, reducing the risk of flooding requires looking at the watershed as a whole, including the complete river system and its tributaries. The Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District has discretionary authority to maintain the watersheds in the Greater Milwaukee Area and authority to reduce the risk of flooding is in Wisconsin Statutes, Section 200.31(1).{{Cite web|url=https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/200/II/31/1|title=Wisconsin State Legislature}} In the past, work has included: rehabilitation and removal of concrete, removal of sediment and flow-impeding objects, and widening floodplains for flood management purposes.
= Fresh Coast Guardians Resource Center - Green Infrastructure =
The Fresh Coast Resource Center{{Cite web|url=https://www.freshcoastguardians.com/about-us|title=Fresh Coast Resource Center}} (FCRC) helps southeastern Wisconsin improve the health of Lake Michigan through smart use of [https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure/what-green-infrastructure green infrastructure.] The FCRC assists the community by providing the inspiration, education, and tools needed to create successful green infrastructure projects.
In 2017, MMSD opened the FCRC to empower people, homeowners, businesses, nonprofits, and government to take an active role in protecting the most precious natural resource: water. By helping the community to protect area rivers and Lake Michigan,{{Cite news|last=Silver|first=Maayan|url=https://www.wuwm.com/post/green-infrastructure-helps-manage-water-milwaukees-urban-landscape|title=Green Infrastructure Helps Manage Water In Milwaukee's Urban Landscape}} MMSD works to achieve its goal of capturing the first {{Convert|0.5|in}} of rainfall in its service area. By capturing the first {{Convert|0.5|in}} of rain, {{Convert|740|e6gal|L}} of water will stay out of sewers, helping to prevent sewer overflows and reducing runoff pollution.
Combined Sewer Overflows
Diverting [https://www.mmsd.com/what-we-do/wastewater-treatment/overflows combined sewer overflows] (CSOs) to waterways is an emergency measure to prevent sewage backups into basements when wastewater treatment facilities reach capacity. MMSD follows the 2014 State of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Discharge Permit{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmsd.com/application/files/3314/8302/3136/2013_Discharge_Permit_As_Modified_12112014.pdf|title=Wisconsin DNR Discharge Permit}} for [https://www.milwaukeemag.com/heres-whats-being-done-raw-sewage-released-into-rivers-during-heavy-rainfall/ sewer overflows.] CSOs are sewers that are designed to collect rainwater runoff, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater in the same pipe.{{Cite web|url=https://www3.epa.gov/region1/eco/uep/cso.html|title=What are Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs)?|website=EPA|date=November 2017 }} When a CSO happens, they post it on their website and have 5 days to report it to the DNR.{{Cite news|last=Jordan|first=Ben|url=https://www.tmj4.com/news/local-news/mmsd-dumps-untreated-sewage-water-into-rivers-lake-michigan|title=MMSD dumps untreated sewage water into rivers, Lake Michigan}} [https://uwm.edu/freshwater/ According to scientists at the UW-Milwaukee School of Freshwater Sciences], bacteria from CSO's only survive for up to 10 days due to the frigid temperatures of Lake Michigan. Combined sewer overflows are 90 to 95 percent stormwater and groundwater.
MMSD's CSOs are smaller than those of other cities on the Great Lakes, including Cleveland's and Detroit's, and are similar to those of the smaller city of Grand Rapids.{{cite news|author=Dan Egan|url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/29242324.html|title=Milwaukee's not the worst — or best — lake polluter|date=November 30, 2006|newspaper=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|access-date=2013-06-28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128231421/http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/29242324.html|archive-date=2015-01-28}}{{cite web |url=http://www.ecojustice.ca/publications/reports/the-great-lakes-sewage-report-card/attachment |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129003403/http://www.ecojustice.ca/publications/reports/the-great-lakes-sewage-report-card/attachment |archive-date=2015-01-29 }} Year-to-year CSOs vary depending on local rainfall but as a recent example in 2014 MMSD CSOs totaled {{Convert|342|e6gal|L}}, meaning that 99.5 percent of the total flow through the municipal sewer system was treated.{{cite news|url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/mmsd-treated-wastewater-reaches-nearly-100-in-2014-b99420175z1-287563601.html|title=MMSD treated wastewater reaches nearly 100% in 2014|author=Don Behm|newspaper=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|date=January 5, 2015}} MMSD’s permit requires that CSOs be limited to no more than six overflows per year, consistent with the presumption approach in the CSO Control Policy.
Separating the sanitary and storm sewers would decrease the amount of water captured and treated; however, the amount of pollutants going into area rivers and Lake Michigan would increase. In urban areas with many impervious surfaces (buildings, parking lots, and streets), there is little opportunity for stormwater to be absorbed into green areas. Resulting in run off with a high degree of pollutants that would further erode water quality.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmsd.com/application/files/1514/8226/2590/2020_Appendix_7h_water_quality_initiative_newsletters.pdf|title=Water Quality Initiative}}
= Deep Tunnel =
David Biello of Scientific American writes, "Since 1994, a more than 26-mile- (42-kilometer-) long tunnel has been keeping Milwaukee's sewage from spilling into Lake Michigan. This deep water tunnel—a holding tank on steroids—comprises two legs roughly 300 feet (90 meters) below ground that can hold nearly 500 million gallons (1.9 billion liters) of sewage and storm water during a downpour. And for the last 14 years it has kept 74 billion gallons (280 billion liters) of wastewater out of Lake Michigan, according to Bill Graffin, a spokesman for the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District."{{Cite news|last=Biello|first=David|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/sewer-diving-milwaukee-tunnel/|title=Sewer Diving: A Journey Inside Milwaukee's Deep Water Tunnel}}
The Deep Tunnel has prevented more than {{Convert|125|e9gal|L}}{{Cite news|last=Brooke|first=Zach|url=https://www.citylab.com/environment/2019/12/milwaukee-city-sewage-treatment-clean-water-climate-change/602767/|title=The City Known for 'Sewer Socialists' Actually Has Great Sewers}} of pollution from getting into Lake Michigan. Thanks to the tunnel and many other improvements, MMSD has captured and cleaned 98.4 percent of all the stormwater and wastewater that's entered the regional sewer system since 1994. The goal nationally is to capture and clean 85 percent for the more than 700 cities with systems like Milwaukee's.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Official website|https://www.mmsd.com/}}
- {{HAER |survey=WI-3 |id=wi0154 |title=Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewage Treatment Plant, 700 East Jones Street, Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, WI |photos=95 |data=57 |cap=5}}
{{Milwaukee County, Wisconsin}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Milwaukee metropolitan area
Category:Water management authorities in the United States