Mimiviridae

The first member of this family, Mimivirus, was discovered in 2003,{{cite journal |last1=Suzan-Monti |first1=M |last2=La Scola |first2=B |last3=Raoult |first3=D |year=2006 |title=Genomic and evolutionary aspects of Mimivirus |journal=Virus Res |volume=117 |issue=1 |pages=145–155 |pmid=16181700 |doi=10.1016/j.virusres.2005.07.011}} and the first complete genome sequence was published in 2004.{{cite journal |pages=1344–50 |doi=10.1126/science.1101485 |title=The 1.2-Megabase Genome Sequence of Mimivirus |year=2004 |last1=Raoult |first1=D. |journal=Science |volume=306 |issue=5700 |pmid=15486256 |last2=Audic |first2=S |last3=Robert |first3=C |last4=Abergel |first4=C |last5=Renesto |first5=P |last6=Ogata |first6=H |last7=La Scola |first7=B |last8=Suzan |first8=M |last9=Claverie |first9=JM |bibcode=2004Sci...306.1344R |s2cid=84298461 }} However, the mimivirus Cafeteria roenbergensis virus{{cite journal |author1=Matthias G. Fischer |author2=Michael J. Allen |author3=William H. Wilson |author4=Curtis A. Suttle |title=Giant virus with a remarkable complement of genes infects marine zooplankton|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|year=2010|doi=10.1073/pnas.1007615107 |volume=107 |issue=45 |pages=19508–13 |bibcode=2010PNAS..10719508F |pmid=20974979 |pmc=2984142|doi-access=free }} was isolated and partially characterized in 1995,{{cite journal |author1=D.R. Garza |author2=C.A. Suttle |title=Large double-stranded DNA viruses which cause the lysis of a marine heterotrophic nanoflagellate (Bodo sp.) occur in natural marine viral communities|journal=Aquatic Microbial Ecology|year=1995|doi=10.3354/ame009203 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=203–210|doi-access=free }} although the host was misidentified at the time, and the virus was designated BV-PW1.

The family contains the following subfamilies and genera (-virinae denotes subfamily and -virus denotes genus):

{{div col}}

• Aliimimivirinae
• Rheavirus
• Klosneuvirinae
• Fadolivirus
• Theiavirus
• Yasminevirus
• Megamimivirinae
• Cotonvirus
• Megavirus
• Mimivirus
• Moumouvirus
• Tupanvirus

{{div col end}}

File:BsV from eLife.jpg particles and its replication{{cite journal |last1=Deeg |first1=C.M. |last2=Chow |first2=E.C.T. |last3=Suttle |first3=C.A. |title=The kinetoplastid-infecting Bodo saltans virus (BsV), a window into the most abundant giant viruses in the sea |journal=eLife |volume=7 |pages=e33014 |year=2018 |doi=10.7554/eLife.33014 |pmid=29582753 |pmc=5871332 |doi-access=free }}]] Viruses in Mimiviridae have icosahedral and round geometries, with between T=972 and T=1141, or T=1200 symmetry. The diameter is around 400 nm, with a length of 125 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 1200kb in length. The genome has 911 open reading frames.

Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Amoeba serve as the natural host.

Three putative DNA base excision repair enzymes were characterized from Mimivirus.Lad SB, Upadhyay M, Thorat P, Nair D, Moseley GW, Srivastava S, Pradeepkumar PI, Kondabagil K. Biochemical Reconstitution of the Mimiviral Base Excision Repair Pathway. J Mol Biol. 2023 Sep 1;435(17):168188. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168188. Epub 2023 Jun 26. PMID 37380013 The base excision repair (BER) pathway was experimentally reconstituted using the purified recombinant proteins uracil-DNA glycosylase (mvUDG), AP endonuclease (mvAPE), and DNA polymerase X protein (mvPolX). When reconstituted in vitro mvUDG, mvAPE and mvPolX function cohesively to repair uracil-containing DNA predominantly by long patch base excision repair, and thus these processes likely participate in the BER pathway early in the Mimivirus life cycle.

Mimiviruses have been associated with pneumonia but their significance is currently unknown.{{cite journal |vauthors=Saadi H, Pagnier I, Colson P, Cherif JK, Beji M, Boughalmi M, Azza S, Armstrong N, Robert C, Fournous G, La Scola B, Raoult D |title=First isolation of Mimivirus in a patient with pneumonia |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=e127–34 |date=August 2013 |pmid=23709652 |doi=10.1093/cid/cit354 |doi-access=free }} The only virus of this family isolated from a human to date is LBA 111.{{cite journal |vauthors=Yoosuf N, Pagnier I, Fournous G, Robert C, La Scola B, Raoult D, Colson P |title=Complete genome sequence of Courdo11 virus, a member of the family Mimiviridae |journal=Virus Genes |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=218–23 |date=April 2014 |pmid=24293219 |doi=10.1007/s11262-013-1016-x |s2cid=12038772 }} At the Pasteur Institute of Iran (Tehran), researchers identified mimivirus DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and sputum samples of a child patient, utilizing real-time PCR (2018).  Analysis reported 99% homology of LBA111, lineage C of the Megavirus chilensis.{{Cite journal|last1=Sakhaee|first1=Fatemeh|last2=Vaziri|first2=Farzam|last3=Bahramali|first3=Golnaz|last4=Davar Siadat|first4=Seyed|last5=Fateh|first5=Abolfazl|date=October 2020|title=Pulmonary Infection Related to Mimivirus in Patient with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=26|issue=10|pages=2524–2526|doi=10.3201/eid2610.191613|pmid=32946733|pmc=7510730|doi-access=free}} With only a few reported cases previous to this finding, the legitimacy of the mimivirus as an emerging infectious disease in humans remains controversial.{{Cite journal|last1=La Scola|first1=Bernard|last2=Marrie|first2=Thomas J.|last3=Auffray|first3=Jean-Pierre|last4=Raoult|first4=Didier|date=March 2005|title=Mimivirus in pneumonia patients|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=11|issue=3|pages=449–452|doi=10.3201/eid1103.040538|pmid=15757563|pmc=3298252|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Saadi|first1=Hanene|last2=Pagnier|first2=Isabelle|last3=Colson|first3=Philippe|last4=Kanoun Cherif|first4=Jouda|last5=Beji|first5=Majed|last6=Boughalmi|first6=Mondher|last7=Azza|first7=Saïd|last8=Armstrong|first8=Nicholas|last9=Robert|first9=Catherine|last10=Fournous|first10=Ghislain|last11=La Scola|first11=Bernard|date=May 24, 2013|title=First isolation of Mimivirus in a patient with pneumonia|url=https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/57/4/e127/350247|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57|issue=4|pages=e127–e134|doi=10.1093/cid/cit354|pmid=23709652|via=Oxford Academic|doi-access=free}}

Mimivirus has also been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis.{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1128/JVI.03141-13| pmid = 24173233| title = Exposure to Mimivirus Collagen Promotes Arthritis| journal = Journal of Virology| volume = 88| issue = 2| pages = 838–45| year = 2013| last1 = Shah | first1 = N.| last2 = Hulsmeier | first2 = A. J.| last3 = Hochhold | first3 = N.| last4 = Neidhart | first4 = M.| last5 = Gay | first5 = S.| last6 = Hennet | first6 = T. | pmc=3911627}}

{{Portal|Viruses}}

• Virophage
• Catovirus
• Hokovirus
• Indivirus
• Klosneuvirus

{{Reflist}}

{{Wikispecies}}

• [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/17.html Viralzone: Mimiviridae]
• [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp ICTV]

{{Baltimore classification}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1378923}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Virus families