Minoo Merwan Engineer

{{Infobox military person

| honorific_prefix = Air Marshal

| name = M M Engineer

| honorific_suffix = PVSM, MVC, DFC

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| birth_name = Minoo Merwan Engineer

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| birth_date = 1 December 1921

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| death_date =31 December 1997

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| allegiance = {{flag|British India}} (1940–1947)
{{flag|India}} (1947–1973)

| branch = {{air force|British India}}
{{air force|India}}

| serviceyears = 1940–1973

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| rank = 15px Air Marshal

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| servicenumber = 1614 F(P)

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| commands = Western Air Command
Eastern Air Command
Air Force Station Lohegaon
Air Force Station Srinagar
No.4 Squadron
No. 8 Squadron

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| awards = Padma Bhushan
Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Maha Vir Chakra
Distinguished Flying Cross

| relations = Aspy Engineer (brother)

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Air Marshal Minoo Merwan Engineer, PVSM, MVC, DFC (1 December 1921 – 31 December 1997) was a former Air Officer in the Indian Air Force. He is one of the most decorated officers in the Indian Air Force, with the third-highest civil decoration - the Padma Bhushan, two gallantry awards - the Maha Vir Chakra and the Distinguished Flying Cross, and the highest peace-time distinguished service award - the Param Vishisht Seva Medal.

His elder brother, Air Marshal Aspy Engineer served as the 4th Chief of the Air Staff.

Early life

Engineer was born Aspy Merwan Irani on 1 December 1921 in Lahore, Punjab Province, British India to Meherwan Irani and Maneckbai. Meherwan was a Divisional Engineer for the North Western Railway,. His interest in mechanics led his friends to rename him Engineer.{{Cite web|url=http://www.sps-aviation.com/story/?id=578|title=Aspy Engineer (1912 - 2002) - SP's Aviation|website=www.sps-aviation.com|access-date=16 February 2019}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Air-Chiefs/Chiefs-Air-5.html|title=Air Marshal Aspy Merwan Engineer DFC [Air Chiefs Since 1947]|last=Pillaristetti|first=Jagan|date=6 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206050217/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Air-Chiefs/Chiefs-Air-5.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-02-06|access-date=16 February 2019}}{{Cite journal|last=Sorabji|first=Rusi|date=2012|title=The First historical landmark in the annals of Aviation, both Civil or Military in the Sub-Continent, the Aga Khan Race 1930|url=https://zoroastriansnet.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/aspy-engineer.pdf|journal=Hamazor|issue=2|pages=47–53}}{{cite book |title=Combat lore : Indian Air Force 1930-1945 |isbn=978-9383649259|last1=Sapru|first1=S.|year=2014|publisher=KW Publishers }} He was the sixth amongst eight siblings - two girls and six boys. His brothers, Aspy, Jungoo and Ronnie, also joined the Indian Air Force, while another brother, Homi, joined the Indian Army. Aspy, Minoo and Ronnie were recipients of the DFC, a unique feat where three brothers were decorated with gallantry awards.{{Cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Personnel/Tributes/1074-Engineers.html|title=Brothers-in-Arms : The Flying Engineer Brothers|last=Singh|first=Farida|website=www.bharat-rakshak.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-02-19|archive-date=19 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219183357/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Personnel/Tributes/1074-Engineers.html|url-status=dead}}

Military career

=Early career=

Engineer joined the Indian Air Force in 1940, being commissioned on 1 August. He was the third Engineer brother to join the Air Force, after his elder brothers Aspy and Jehangir (Jangoo). During World War II, he served in Burma as a part of No. 3 Squadron IAF. He was awarded the DFC for his part in the Arakan operations.{{London Gazette|issue=37291 |supp=y|page=4859|date=28 September 1945}} On 30 November 1945, Engineer was promoted to the acting rank of Squadron Leader and appointed commanding officer of No. 8 Squadron IAF.{{cite web |title=Service Record for Air Marshal Minoo Merwan Engineer 1614 F(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/1614 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb}}

After the war, on 1 November 1946, he was appointed commanding officer of No. 4 Squadron IAF. The squadron relocated to Miko, Japan as part of the occupation forces. Engineer led the squadron in the relocation and operations in Japan.{{cite web |title=BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1968-JAN-APR-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1968-03-01_084.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |date=1 March 1968}}

=Post-Independence=

In March 1948, Engineer took command of Air Force Station Srinagar. As Station Commander at Srinagar, he was responsible for all air force operations in Jammu and Kashmir. For this operation, he was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra, the second-highest war-time gallantry award.

The citation for the Maha Vir Chakra reads as follows:{{Cite web|url=http://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/wg-cdr-minoo-merwan-engineer|title=WG CDR MINOO MERWAN ENGINEER {{!}} Gallantry Awards|website=gallantryawards.gov.in|access-date=18 February 2019}}

{{Quotation|Gazette Notification: 2Pres/50, 26-1-50

Operation: 1948

Effective Date of Award: 06 November 1948

{{center|CITATION

WING COMMANDER MINOO MERWAN ENGINEER, DFC

(1614) GD(P)}}

Wing Commander Engineer was in charge of the Kashmir operations for nearly a year. Under his able guidance and leadership the enemy has been hit hard and effectively on a number occasions. e.g. KISHEN GANGA BRIDGE, SKARDU AND GILGIT besides the normal close support sorties. The most effective support by the IAF to our land forces in the capture of GURAIS was largely attributable to the planning and drive shown by this officer in personally directing the air operations. Throughout he has set a fine example of leadership.|sign=|source=}}

After the war, in 1949, he was selected to attend the RAF Staff College, Andover. After completing the staff course, he returned to India and was appointed Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO) of the Training Command in Bangalore. On 1 Oct 1954, he was appointed Station Commander of Lohegaon Air Force Station in Pune. He then commanded the newly formed 2 Tactical Air Support Group and 2 Tactical Air Centre at Mumbai and Pune. On 15 April 1959, he was appointed SASO of the Eastern Air Command.

During the Sino-Indian War in 1962, he was appointed Air Officer Commanding (AOC) of the No. 1 Operational Group based at Tezpur. For his services in the Eastern sector, he was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal.{{cite web |title=FORTY ONE AWARDS FOR AIR FORCE PERSONNEL |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1964-JAN-JUNE-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1964-01-24_064.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=24 January 1964}}

On 5 August 1963, Engineer was promoted to the rank of Air Vice Marshal and appointed Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Air Command. After a little over an year, he moved to Air HQ in October 1964 as Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (DCAS). On 1 March 1968, the appointment of DCAS was upgraded to the rank of Air Marshal and Engineer was promoted to the rank.{{cite web |title=UPGRADATIONS IN DEFENCE SERVICES APPOINTMENTS |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1968-JAN-APR-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1968-03-01_081.pdf |website=archive.pib.gov.in |date=1 March 1968}}

==Indo-Pakistani War of 1971==

At the time of Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, he was Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Western Air Command. For his part in the war, Engineer was awarded the Padma Bhushan for his leadership and services.[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/1971/Dec03/Art03.htm News Article in Depth] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523043221/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/1971/Dec03/Art03.htm |date=23 May 2012 }}