Minyanka language
{{Short description|Senufo language spoken in Mali}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Minyaka
|nativename={{lang|myk|Mamara}}
|states=Mali
|speakers={{sigfig|738,000|2}}
|date=2000
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=Atlantic–Congo
|fam3=Senufo
|fam4=Suppire–Mamara
|iso3=myk
|glotto=mama1271
|glottorefname=Mamara Senoufo
|map=Mamara language.png
|mapcaption=Map showing where Mamara is spoken.
}}
Minyanka (also known as Mamara, Miniyanka, Minya, Mianka, Minianka, or Tupiire) is a northern Senufo language spoken by about 750,000 people in southeastern Mali. It is closely related to Supyire. Minyanka is one of the national languages of Mali.
Phonology
= Consonants =
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="3" |Labial ! rowspan="2" |Alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Palatal ! colspan="2" |Velar ! rowspan="2" |Labio- ! rowspan="2" |Pharyn- ! rowspan="2" |Glottal |
plain
!lab. !pal. !plain !pal. |
---|
colspan="2" |Nasal
| {{IPA link|m}} | {{IPA link|mʷ}} | {{IPA link|mʲ}} | {{IPA link|n}} | {{IPA link|ɲ}} | {{IPA link|ŋ}} | | {{IPA link|ŋ͡m}} | | |
rowspan="3" |Plosive
!voiceless | {{IPA link|p}} | {{IPA link|pʷ}} | {{IPA link|pʲ}} | {{IPA link|t}} | {{IPA link|c}} | {{IPA link|k}} | {{IPA link|kʲ}} | {{IPA link|k͡p}} | | {{IPA link|ʔ}} |
voiced
| {{IPA link|b}} | {{IPA link|bʷ}} | | {{IPA link|d}} | {{IPA link|ɟ}} | {{IPA link|ɡ}} | {{IPA link|ɡʲ}} | {{IPA link|ɡ͡b}} | | |
prenasal
| {{IPA link|ᵐb}} | | | {{IPA link|ⁿd}} | {{IPA link|ᶮɟ}} | {{IPA link|ᵑɡ}} | | | | |
rowspan="2" |Fricative
!voiceless | {{IPA link|f}} | {{IPA link|fʷ}} | {{IPA link|fʲ}} | {{IPA link|s}} | {{IPA link|ʃ}} | | | | | ({{IPA link|h}}) |
voiced
| {{IPA link|v}} | | | {{IPA link|z}} | {{IPA link|ʒ}} | | | | ({{IPA link|ʕ}}) | ({{IPA link|ɦ}}) |
colspan="2" |Rhotic
| | | | {{IPA link|r}} | | | | | | |
colspan="2" |Approximant
| | | | {{IPA link|l}} |{{IPA link|j}} |{{IPA link|w}} |{{IPA link|wʲ}} | | | |
- A pharyngeal fricative [ʕ] is also typically heard when in between vowels, or as an allophone of /ɡ/ when in intervocalic position.
- Glottal sounds [h, ɦ] are only heard in the Bla dialect, instead of labio-velar sounds /k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m/.{{Cite book |last=Coulibaly |first=Sékou |title=Le minyanka parlé dans le cercle de Bla: une description phonologique et morphosyntaxique |publisher=Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris III |year=2020}}
- Sounds /k, ɡ/ can also be heard as fricatives [x, ɣ] when in intervocalic positions.{{Cite book |last=Prost |first=André |title=Le Mambar |publisher=Dakar: Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Université de Dakar |year=1964 |location=In Prost, André (ed.), Contribution à l'étude des langues voltaïques |pages=123–183}}
= Vowels =
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! !Back |
Close
| {{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|ĩ}} | | {{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|ũ}} |
---|
Close-mid
| {{IPA link|e}} | rowspan="2" |{{IPA link|ə}} | {{IPA link|o}} |
Open-mid
| {{IPA link|ɛ}} {{IPA link|ɛ̃}} | {{IPA link|ɔ}} {{IPA link|ɔ̃}} |
Open
| | {{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|ã}} | |
- /u/ can also be heard as [y] when in the position of /j/.
- /o/ can also be heard as [œ] when before a glottal /ʔ/.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- Dombrowsky-Hahn, Klaudia (ed. by Miehe, Gudrun; Reineke, Brigitte; Roncador, Manfred von) (1999) Phénomènes de contact entre les langues Minyanka et Bambara (Sud du Mali). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
- Prost, André (1964) Contributrion à l'étude des langues Voltaiques. Dakar: Institut Francophone de l'Afrique Noire.
External links
- [http://www.malien.net/mamara Minyanka-French-Bambara-English Dictionary] to view online or download, from the Association for the Promotion of the Mamara language, Koutiala, Mali.
- [http://sil-mali.org/en/language/myk Resources in Mamara] from [http://sil-mali.org/en SIL Mali]
- [http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/SuppireMinianka PanAfrican L10n page on Suppire/Minianka]
{{Languages of Mali}}
{{Gur languages}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Suppire–Mamara languages
{{senufo-lang-stub}}