Mir-2
{{Short description|Proposed Russian space station}}
{{About|the proposed space station|other uses|Mir 2 (disambiguation){{!}}Mir 2}}
{{refimprove|date=August 2011}}
{{Infobox space station
| station = Mir-2
| station_image = Mir-2 concept.jpg
| station_image_caption = One concept of Mir-2
| crew = 2-3, up to 6 (two longstay typical)
| launch =
| status = Canceled, project converted into International Space Station
| mass = 90,000 kg
| length = 59.3 m
| width = 36.2 m
| height = 17.7 m
| diameter =
| volume =
| pressure =
| perigee = {{convert|350|km|abbr=on}}
| apogee = {{convert|450|km|abbr=on}}
| inclination = 64.8 deg
| altitude =
| speed =
| period =
| orbits_day =
| stats_ref =
| configuration_image =
| configuration_landscape=
| configuration_size =
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}}
Mir-2 was a Soviet space station project which began in February 1976.{{cite web|title=Mir-2|url=http://www.astronautix.com/m/mir-2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820191936/http://www.astronautix.com/m/mir-2.html|archive-date=August 20, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=12 February 2011|publisher=Astronautix}} Some of the modules built for Mir-2 have been incorporated into the International Space Station (ISS). The project underwent many changes, but was always based on the DOS-8 base block space station core module, built as a back-up to the DOS-7 base block used in the Mir station. The DOS-8 base block was eventually used as the Zvezda module of the ISS. Its design lineage extends back to the original Salyut stations.{{cite web
| author = Anatoly Zak
| title = International Space Station - MIR-2: Russian roots of the ISS program (1969-1992)
| url = http://www.russianspaceweb.com/iss.html
| publisher = Russian Space Web
| access-date = 12 February 2011
| title = ISS Elements: Service Module ("Zvezda")
| url = http://www.spaceref.com/iss/elements/sm.html
| publisher = SpaceRef.com
| access-date = 12 February 2011
| author = Henry Spencer
| title = High life: a short history of the space station
| url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19668-high-life-a-short-history-of-the-space-station.html
| date = 2 November 2010
| publisher = New Scientist
| access-date = 12 February 2011
}}
Project history
=The evolution of the ''Mir''-2 project=
==1981 to 1987: KB Salyut Mir-2==
The prototype of the central module was as Polyus. Mir-2 would be capable of docking at least four modules in ordinary operation.
==December 14, 1987: NPO Energia Mir-2==
Designated as OSETS (Orbital Assembly and Operations Centre). The station would be built in a 65 degree orbit and consist of 90 ton modules.
- Launch 1 – DOS 8, providing housing for the assembly crew.
- Launch 2 – 90 ton module.
- Launch 3 – Truss and solar arrays.
- Launches 4 to 6 – additional 90 ton modules.
==1991: "Mir-1.5"==
This would involve launch of the DOS-8, after which the Buran shuttle would grapple the module, rendezvous with Mir, and attach it to the old DOS-7 base block. This plan was later altered so that
DOS-8 would maneuver and dock itself to Mir. It would remain attached for two years.
==1992: "Mir-2"==
The station would consist of the DOS-8 core module and a cross beam called the NEP (Science Power Platform). This was equipped with MSB retractable solar panels, Sfora thruster packages and small scientific packages.
Four 3 to 4 ton modules were planned:
- Docking Module - with the APDS universal androgynous docking system, and a side hatch for space walks
- Resource Module - Equipped with gyrodynes for orienting the station and a passive docking port for docking of Soyuz or Progress ferry spacecraft
- Technology Module - with materials experiments
- Biotechnology Module
==November 1993: International Space Station built around Mir-2==
File:Russian Orbital Segment.png in 2011]]
Russian elements of the International Space Station include:
- Zarya FGB, the first element launched. This was a US-funded TKS-derived propulsion module built by KB Salyut.
- Zvezda Service Module - this is the DOS-8 block, which was launched as the third major ISS module in July 2000.
- SO-1 Pirs - one of the docking modules originally designed for Buran/Mir-2 was added to the station in September 2001, and later deorbited in July 2021 to make room for Nauka.
- SO-2 Poisk - a module similar to Pirs. Poisk also provides extra space for scientific experiments, and power-supply outlets and data-transmission interfaces for external scientific payloads.
- Rassvet - the only module delivered by NASA shuttle, in a barter exchange for the launch 'owed' for Zarya. Rassvet was built from a test article for the pressurized shell portion of NEP. It is used for cargo storage, science, and as a docking port for visiting spacecraft.
- Nauka FGB-2 - this is Russia's largest module and only module dedicated wholly to science, and was launched in July 2021, with the European Robotic Arm attached.
- Prichal UM - the 'nodal module', meant to host four additional laboratory and power modules and a docking port as part of the since-cancelled OPSEK plan. It launched in November 2021.
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20160820191936/http://www.astronautix.com/m/mir-2.html Mir-2 on Astronautix]
- [http://nickd.freehostia.com/OrbiterVault/mir2.html Mir-2]
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before = Mir
| title = Mir-2 project design
| years = 14 December 1987 - November 1993
| after = Russian Orbital Segment
}}
{{end}}
{{Space stations}}
{{Russian human spaceflight programs}}