Mir Quasem Ali

{{Infobox criminal

| honorific-prefix =

| name = Quasem Ali

| honorific-suffix =

| image = Mir Quasem Ali.jpg

| caption =

| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1952|12|31}}

| birth_place = Manikganj, East Bengal, Pakistan

| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2016|9|3|1952|12|31}}

| death_place = Kashimpur Prison, Gazipur, Bangladesh

| death_cause = Execution by hanging

| nationality =

| citizenship = Pakistani (1952-1971)
Bangladeshi (1971-2016)

| party = Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami

| otherparty =

| spouse =

| relations =

| resting_place =

| children = Mir Ahmad Bin Quasem

| residence =

| alma_mater =

| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|businessman}}

| conviction = Crimes against humanity

| conviction_penalty = Death by hanging

| conviction_status =

| signature =

| website =

| footnotes =

| native_name = মীর কাসেম আলী

| native_name_lang = bn

}}

Mir Quasem Ali ({{Langx|bn|মীর কাসেম আলী|translit=Meer Kasem Ali}}; 31 December 1952 – 3 September 2016) was a Bangladeshi philanthropist and a politician of the far-right Jamaat-e-Islami party. He was a former director of Islami Bank and chairman of the Diganta Media Corporation, which owns Diganta TV. He founded the Ibn Sina Trust and was a key figure in the establishment of the NGO Rabita al-Alam al-Islami.{{cite news |title=War crimes verdict on Mir Quasem Ali Sunday |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/war-crimes-verdict-on-mir-quasem-ali-sunday |work=bdnews24.com |date=30 October 2014 |access-date=14 July 2015}} He was sentenced to death on 2 November 2014 for crimes against humanity committed during the Independence War of Bangladesh in 1971 by International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh.{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/09/01/bangladesh-halt-imminent-war-crimes-executions |title=Bangladesh: Halt Imminent War Crimes Executions |website=Human Rights Watch |date=September 2016 |access-date=1 September 2016}}

The charges were denied by his relatives, stating that they were politically motivated.{{cite news |title=Jamaat leader given death sentence |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/11/bangladesh-jamaat-death-verdict-mirquasem-albadr-201411244727909956.html |work=Al Jazeera English |date=2 November 2014}} Human Rights groups also raised concerns about these cases, with Amnesty International criticising the use of the death penalty and saying Mir Quasem Ali's trial had been unfair.{{cite news |url=http://aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/world-ignoring-bangladeshi-executions/643005 |title=World 'ignoring Bangladeshi executions' |author=Michael Sercan Daventry |work=Anadolu Agency |access-date=8 September 2016}} He was hanged at Gazipur on 3 September 2016{{Cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/bangladesh-executes-prominent-jamaat-leader-160903135231345.html |title=Bangladesh executes last prominent Jamaat leader |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=3 September 2016}} after his final appeal was rejected by the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.{{cite news |title=Submit concise statements on Quasem plea in 4 weeks: SC |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/sc-gives-4-weeks-concise-statements-quasem%E2%80%99s-plea-88729 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=14 July 2015}}

Early life

Mir Quasem Ali was born to Mir Tayeb Ali and Rabeya Begum in Munsidangi Sutalori, Manikganj, on 31 December 1952. He joined the Islami Chhatra Sangha in 1967 while studying in Chittagong Collegiate School.{{cite news |url=http://aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/bangladesh-jamaat-leader-hanged-for-alleged-war-crimes/640491 |title=Bangladesh Jamaat leader hanged for alleged war crimes |work=Anadolu Agency |access-date=3 September 2016}}{{cite news |title=War trial: Mir Quasem verdict Sunday |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/war-trial-mir-quasem-verdict-sunday-48077 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=14 July 2015}}

Business

Mir Quasem Ali was a former director of Islami Bank, and chairman of the Diganta Media Corporation, which owns Diganta TV. He founded the Ibn Sina Trust and was a key figure in the establishment of the NGO Rabita al-Alam al-Islami. He was the chairman of Keari Ltd, Association of Multipurpose Welfare Agencies of Bangladesh and Agro Industrial Trust, director of marketing of Ibn Sina Pharmaceutical Industries, member secretary of Fouad Al-Khateeb Charity Foundation. He was part of management in Industrialists and Businessmen Welfare Foundation, Allama Iqbal Sangsad, International Islamic University Chittagong, Darul Ihsan University, Centre for Strategy and Peace Studies.

Bangladesh War of Independence

Mir Quasem was a first-year student of Chittagong College in 1971 where he was pursuing a bachelor's degree in physics. He was the president of Chittagong Chhatra Sangha's unit. He was elected to the Pakistan Islami Chhatra Sangha's provincial working council on 6 November. He was also general secretary of East Pakistan Islami Chhatra Sangha. Al-Badr was a paramilitary force composed of Jamaat e Islami's then student wing Islami Chhatra Sangha to support the Pakistan army and crackdown on pro-independence groups.{{cite news |last1=Manik|first1=Julfikar Ali|title=Al-Badr commander Mir Quasem to die|url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2014/nov/03/al-badr-commander-mir-quasem-die |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=14 July 2015}}

The Al-Badr branch of Chittagong seized Mohamaya Bhaban building at Anderkilla, owned by a local Hindu family. They renamed it "Dalim Hotel" and used it as an interrogation and detention centre. Pro-independence activists Jahangir Alam Chowdhury and Syed Md Emran testified at Quasem's trial that the prison was used to torture suspected members of Mukti Bahini; Mukti Bahini members "Jasim", Tuntu Sen and Ranjit Das were killed at this place. Witnesses testified at the trial that guards at hotel Dalim would announce the arrival of Quasem with "Mr Quasem has come. Mr Commander has come."{{cite news |last1=Chowdhury|first1=Minto|last2=Huq|first2=Quazi Shahreen|title=Mir Quasem's Dalim Hotel was a 'death factory'|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/mir-quasems-dalim-hotel-was-a-death-factory |work=bdnews24.com |date=3 November 2014 |access-date=14 July 2015}}

After independence

After independence, Quasem fled to Saudi Arabia. He returned to Bangladesh and became the founding president of Islami Chhatra Shibir, the Jamaat's student front, on 6 February 1977. The organisation is a successor to the Islami Chhatra Sangha.{{cite news |title=Deadline for Mir Quasem appeal summary extended by four weeks |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/deadline-for-mir-quasem-appeal-summary-extended-by-four-weeks |work=bdnews24.com |date=28 May 2015 |access-date=14 July 2015}}

Trial

Out of the 14 charges, Quasem was convicted of 10 charges in the trial at International Crimes Tribunal and he was given a death sentence for two of the charges, namely murder and kidnapping.{{cite news |title=Death for Quasem:10 out of 14 charges proved |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/death-for-quasem-48513 |work=The Daily Star |date=2 November 2014}}

After the announcement of the verdict, the lawyers from the defence said that justice had not been done for Quasem and he did not get proper judgment.{{cite news |last1=Paul |first1=Ruma |title=Bangladesh Islamist leader sentenced to death for war crimes |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bangladesh-warcrimes-idUKKBN0IM03Q20141103?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305214803/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bangladesh-warcrimes-idUKKBN0IM03Q20141103?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 March 2016 |accessdate=3 November 2014 |work=Reuters}} Gonojagoron Moncho supported the verdict and expressed satisfaction.{{cite news |title=Gonojagoron Moncho happy with Quasem verdict |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2014/nov/03/gonojagoron-moncho-happy-quasem-verdict |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=14 July 2015}} The defence pledged an appeal to Bangladesh High court. Quasem's political Party Jamaat-e-Islami called for a nationwide three days strike as a protest over the verdict. He filed an appeal with the Supreme Court of Bangladesh. The supreme court rejected the review petition on 30 August 2016,{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/kashimpur-jail-gets-order-execute-quasem-1279981 |title=War crimes: Jamaat's moneyman Quasem hanged |work=The Daily Star |date=3 September 2016 |access-date=3 September 2016}} and Ali refused to seek clemency.{{Cite news |date=4 September 2016 |title=Bangladesh hangs Islamist Mir Quasem Ali for 1971 war crimes |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37268320 |access-date=10 October 2021 |quote=He declined to seek a presidential pardon, which would have required an admission of guilt.}}

=Employment of US lobby firm=

In 2010, after the formation of the International Crimes Tribunal, Quasem signed a 25 million US dollar deal with the most influential US lobby firm Cassidy & Associates to influence the US government to foil the war crimes trial process.{{cite news |last=Emran Hossain |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/25m-helped-not-that-much-48639 |title=$25m helped, not that much: US lobbyist hired 'unlawfully' to upset war crimes trial |language=English |work=The Daily Star |location=Dhaka |date=3 November 2014 |access-date=21 March 2018}} In 2011, Quasem and his brother Mir Masum Ali again hired the same firm for the same purpose and paid $310,000 and that was the largest amount paid by any client in the first quarter of 2011.{{cite news |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/crime/2016/09/03/quasem-desperate-stay-alive/ |title=Quasem was desperate to stay alive |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=3 September 2016 |access-date=21 March 2018 |quote=... in 2013 announced that it had acquired the receipt of Quasem paying $25m to appoint a lobbyist firm – Washington-based Cassidy & Associates – to cast doubt and raise questions about the war crimes trials... In 2011, Quasem and his brother Mir Masum Ali hired Cassidy & Associates for $310,000 to influence US politicians and government officials against the tribunal proceedings... New York-based Organisation for Peace and Justice (OPJ) appointed Cassidy & Associates in April 2014 to "engage members of the US Congress to support a congressional resolution condemning the actions of the ICT [International Crimes Tribunal] and to use best efforts to include anti-ICT legislative language" in the legislative bodies. The OPJ is run by sympathisers of Jamaat and its mission is to assist the party and its members in Bangladesh. Cassidy then sub-contracted two other firms named Cloakroom Advisors and Kglobal. Both firms were appointed to carry out the same tasks as Cassidy; but in addition, they would "conduct outreach to the Department of State (South and Central Asia Bureau and International Operations)." As per the contract, the Organisation for Peace and Justice was supposed to pay Cassidy a total of $50,000 over a period of three months as a lobbying fee. The second pro-Jamaat organisation that is lobbying against the war crimes trial in the USA is called the Human Rights Development in Bangladesh (HRDB). In March 2014, the HRDB appointed another US lobbyist firm Just Consulting LLC which was later renamed Grieboski Global Strategies. Grieboski was tasked with reaching out to and influencing the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, the US Department of State and the US Congress against the war crimes trials.}} Not only that in 2014, sympathizer groups from the US again signed a contract with Cassidy & Associates to lobby for the same cause and promised to pay $50,000. Later Cassidy & Associates sub-contracted the task to another 2 firms named Cloakroom Advisors and Kgloba. Besides this, another pro-Jamaat-e-Islami organization appointed another lobbying firm named 'Just Consulting LLC' which was later renamed 'Grieboski Global Strategies' to influence the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, the US Department of State and the US Congress against the war crimes trials.

=Controversy=

Some critics of then Awami League regime said that Sheikh Hasina, the prime minister of the country used the trials to target her political enemies.{{cite news|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/bangladesh-court-sentences-islamist-politician-mir-quasem-ali-to-death-1414914582|title=Bangladesh Court Sentences Islamist Politician Mir Quasem Ali to Death|date=2 November 2014|work=Wall Street Journal|last1=Zain Al-Mahmood|first1=Syed}}

In 2016, Human Rights Watch reported that Mir Quasem Ali's trial was flawed. It demanded a moratorium on the death penalty, after details emerged that the prosecution had for producing insufficient evidence in court. Brad Adams of HRW stated: "Allowing the death sentence in a case with such fundamental doubts about the evidence is unthinkable."{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/03/22/bangladesh-war-crimes-verdict-based-flawed-trial|title=Bangladesh: War Crimes Verdict Based on Flawed Trial|date=23 March 2016 |website=Human Rights Watch |access-date=6 August 2016}}

Amnesty International raised serious concerns about the court proceedings. These included denying defence lawyers adequate time to prepare their cases and arbitrarily limiting the number of witnesses they could call on. It urged the Bangladeshi government to annul the death sentence against Mir Quasem Ali and grant him a retrial, noting how the proceedings had reportedly been "marred" by irregularities.{{cite web|title=Bangladesh: Halt imminent execution of Mir Quasem Ali after unfair trial|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/08/bangladesh-halt-execution-of-quasem-ali/|website=|date=30 August 2016|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=4 September 2016}} Amnesty spokeswoman Champa Patel said:

The people of Bangladesh deserve justice for crimes committed during the War of Independence. The continued use of the death penalty will not achieve this. It only serves to inflame domestic tensions and further divide a society riven by violence.

Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International also alleged that Mir Quasem Ali's son, Ahmed Bin Quasem, was arrested on 9 August 2016 and has since disappeared. Amnesty says multiple credible sources place him at Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) headquarters in Dhaka on 12 August but authorities have denied having him in custody.{{cite news |title=Amnesty, HRW condemn 'detention' of SQ Chy, Mir Quasem's sons |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/amnesty-hrw-condemn-detention-sq-chy-mir-quasems-sons-1269919 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=15 August 2016 |accessdate=4 September 2016}}

Execution

Mir Quasem Ali was hanged at Kashimpur prison in Gazipur on 3 September 2016. The government of Pakistan said in a statement that the country was "deeply saddened" by the execution.{{Cite news |surname=Janjua|given=Haroon|title=Should Pakistan apologize to Bangladesh for the 1971 war?|url=https://dw.com/en/should-pakistan-apologize-to-bangladesh-for-the-1971-war/a-57051549|date=30 March 2021|work=Deutsche Welle |archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331071316/https://www.dw.com/en/should-pakistan-apologize-to-bangladesh-for-the-1971-war/a-57051549|url-status=live}}{{Cite news |last=Abbas |first=Syed Sammer |date=4 September 2016 |title=Pakistan 'deeply saddened' over Dhaka's execution of Jamaat leader Mir Quasem Ali |language=en |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1282018 |work=Dawn |access-date=10 October 2021}} The Foreign Ministry of Turkey in a statement condemned the hanging as an inappropriate ruling.{{Cite news |title=Turkey condemns hanging of Bangladeshi leader |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/turkey-condemns-hanging-of-bangladeshi-leader/640772 |work=Anadolu Agency |access-date=10 October 2021 |quote="We would like to stress once again that the past wounds cannot be bound up with these methods," said the Turkish Foreign Ministry in a statement published Sunday. "Turkey hopes this inappropriate ruling will not cause any dissidence among fellow Bangladeshi people." }}