Mirtha Arce
{{Short description|Bolivian politician (born 1963)}}
{{Family name hatnote|Arce|Camacho|lang=Spanish}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mirtha Arce
| image = Mirtha Natividad Arce Camacho (Official Photo, 2018) Alejandra Vaca, Chamber of Senators of Bolivia.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, 2018
| alt = Headshot of Mirtha Arce
| 1blankname = {{Nowrap|Substitute}}
| 1namedata = Fernando Campero
| term_start = 18 January 2015
| term_end = 3 November 2020
| predecessor = Marcelo Antezana
| successor = Gladys Alarcón
| office1 = {{Br list|Member of the Chamber of Deputies|from Tarija}}
| status1 = Substitute
| 1blankname1 = {{Nowrap|Deputy}}
| 1namedata1 = {{Ill|v=ib|Adrián Oliva|es|Adrián Oliva Alcázar}}
| term_start1 = 25 January 2010
| term_end1 = 14 July 2014
| predecessor1 = Rodolfo Vargas
| successor1 = Lorena Gareca
| constituency1 = Party list
| birth_name = Mirtha Natividad Arce Camacho
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|12|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = Tarija, Bolivia
| death_date =
| death_place =
| alma_mater = {{Ubl|{{ill|v=ib|Marshal Sucre Normal School|es|Escuela Superior de Formación de Maestros Mariscal Sucre}}|{{ill|v=ib|Juan Misael Saracho University|es|Universidad Autónoma Juan Misael Saracho}}}}
| occupation = {{Hlist|Educator|lawyer|politician}}
| signature = (Signature) Mirtha Arce.svg
| signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink
}}
Mirtha Natividad Arce Camacho (born 25 December 1963) is a Bolivian academic, lawyer, and politician who served as senator for Tarija from 2015 to 2020.
Arce got her political start in student leadership before developing her career in academia and women's rights activism. She held multiple executive positions in women's rights–related organizations in Tarija, including presiding over the Association of Women Lawyers and the Association of Women University Professionals. Between 2002 and 2008, she held law-related public service roles at local and departmental levels, including serving as legal director of the Departmental Road Service of Tarija.
In 2009, Arce was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, accompanying {{Ill|Adrián Oliva|es|Adrián Oliva Alcázar}} as his substitute from 2010 to 2014 when she resigned to launch a successful bid for a seat in the Senate. Though elected as part of the Democratic Unity coalition, Arce became estranged from the bloc partway through her term and operated as an independent from then on. In 2021, she contested the Tarija governorship, becoming the first woman nominee in the department's electoral history. However, she came in a distant fourth place at the ballot box.
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Early life and career
Mirtha Arce was born on 25 December 1963 in Tarija,{{sfnm|1a1=Vargas|1a2=Villavicencio|1y=2014|1p=174|2a1=Romero Ballivián|2y=2018|2p=60}} to Rosandel Arce Gonzales and Ana Camacho Gallardo. Arce completed her secondary schooling at the Santa Ana School, where she served as class president. She went on to attend the {{ill|Marshal Sucre Normal School|es|Escuela Superior de Formación de Maestros Mariscal Sucre}} as well as {{ill|Juan Misael Saracho University|es|Universidad Autónoma Juan Misael Saracho}} (UAJMS), where she graduated as a lawyer and teacher, completing two master's degrees in crime science and higher education and five postgraduate degrees in the fields of educational research and university teaching.{{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|p=174}}
During her time in university, Arce continued to be active in student leadership, serving for two terms as executive of the UAJMS Law Student Center, where she was its first female head. From there, she went on to form part of her Local University Federation and the Bolivian University Confederation and was named executive of the Bermejo Teachers Federation.{{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|p=174}}{{Cite news |last=Cantín |first=Jesús |date=18 March 2019 |title=Mirtha Arce: ¿Candidata? Va a haber sorpresas este año |language=es |trans-title=Mirtha Arce: Candidate? There May Be Surprises This Year |work=El País |publication-place=Tarija |url=https://elpais.bo/tarija/20190318_mirtha-arce-candidata-va-a-haber-sorpresas-este-ano.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112062924/https://elpais.bo/tarija/20190318_mirtha-arce-candidata-va-a-haber-sorpresas-este-ano.html |archive-date=12 November 2022}}
Arce developed much of her career in academia, starting out as a university professor at UAJMS and the Bolivian Catholic University's Tarija campus. She was a founding member and president of the Association of Women Lawyers and the Association of Women University Professionals, served as vice president of the Tarija Women's Civic Committee, and composed part of the directorate of the National Confederation of Women's Institutes of Bolivia.{{sfnm|1a1=Vargas|1a2=Villavicencio|1y=2014|1p=174|2a1=Romero Ballivián|2y=2018|2p=60}} Starting in 2002, Arce began a career in public service, serving as deputy prosecutor for controlled substances until 2005, when she joined the Cercado Province as its chief legal advisor. In 2006, she joined the administration of {{ill|Mario Cossío|es}}, Tarija's first popularly elected prefect, serving as legal director of the Departmental Road Service until 2008.{{sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018|p=60}}{{Cite news |date=30 November 2020 |title=PDC invita a exsenadora Mirtha Arce para ser candidata a la gobernación de Tarija |language=es |trans-title=PDC Invites Former Senator Mirtha Arce to Be a Candidate for the Tarija Governorship |work=El País |publication-place=Tarija |url=https://elpais.bo/tarija/20201130_pdc-invita-a-exsenadora-mirtha-arce-para-ser-candidata-a-la-gobernacion-de-tarija.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201220114/https://elpais.bo/tarija/20201130_pdc-invita-a-exsenadora-mirtha-arce-para-ser-candidata-a-la-gobernacion-de-tarija.html |archive-date=1 December 2021}}
Chamber of Deputies
= Election =
{{Further|2009 Bolivian general election}}
Arce's political ideology has been described as "liberal in economics" but "conservative in morals".{{Cite news |last=de Torres |first=Miguel V. |date=31 January 2021 |title=Cuando Mirtha entre en campaña |language=es |trans-title=When Mirtha Enters the Campaign |work=El País |publication-place=Tarija |url=https://elpais.bo/la-mano-del-moto/20210131_cuando-mirtha-entre-en-campana.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613023845/https://elpais.bo/la-mano-del-moto/20210131_cuando-mirtha-entre-en-campana.html |archive-date=13 June 2021}} She was an early supporter of departmental autonomy, a political system heavily pushed by the country's lowland departments in the early 2000s. Despite her lack of party affiliation, Arce's adherence to decentralization and prominence in women's rights organizations contributed to her nomination for a seat in the Chamber of Deputies in 2009.{{sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018|pp=60–61}} She accompanied {{Ill|Adrián Oliva|es|Adrián Oliva Alcázar}} as his substitute, topping the National Convergence alliance's electoral list in the department.{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Nómina de ciudadanos electos |url=https://www.oep.org.bo/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/candidatos_electos_2009.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716174126/https://www.oep.org.bo/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/candidatos_electos_2009.pdf |archive-date=16 July 2022 |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=oep.org.bo |publisher=Plurinational Electoral Organ |pages=10 |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}
= Tenure =
File:Mirtha Natividad Arce Camacho (Official Photo, 2014) Chamber of Deputies of Bolivia.png
In parliament, Arce accompanied Oliva during his four terms on the lower chamber's Energy and Hydrocarbons Committee between 2010 and 2014, in addition to spending a few months on the Planning, Economic Policy, and Finance Commission in her final year.[§] The majority of her tenure, however, reflected that of many substitute parliamentarians, focusing less on legislating from the capital and more on fostering local connections in her home department.
= Commission assignments =
- Planning, Economic Policy, and Finance Commission
- Budget, Tax Policy, and Comptroller's Office Committee (2014){{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|pp=174; 308}}
- Plural Economy, Production, and Industry Commission
- Energy and Hydrocarbons Committee (2010–2014){{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|pp=174; 313; 317}}{{Cite web |title=Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2011–2012 |url=http://www.diputados.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=59 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526205735/http://www.diputados.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=59 |archive-date=26 May 2011 |access-date=24 November 2022 |website=diputados.bo |publisher=Chamber of Deputies |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}{{Cite web |title=Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2012–2013 |url=http://www.diputados.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=59 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205103931/http://www.diputados.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=59 |archive-date=5 February 2012 |access-date=24 November 2022 |website=diputados.bo |language=es |publication-place=Chamber of Deputies}}
Chamber of Senators
= Election =
{{Further|2014 Bolivian general election}}
Nearing the end of her term in the Chamber of Deputies, Arce resigned from office{{Cite news |date=14 July 2014 |title=Elecciones: La Cámara de Diputados acepta la renuncia de 14 opositores y 10 oficialistas |language=es |trans-title=Elections: Chamber of Deputies Accepts the Resignation of 14 Opposition and 10 Ruling Party Legislators |agency=Oxígeno.bo |publication-place=La Paz |url=https://www.oxigeno.bo/política/2408 |url-status=live |access-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926130102/https://www.oxigeno.bo/política/2408 |archive-date=26 September 2020}} to contest a seat in the Senate. She aligned herself with Samuel Doria Medina's Democratic Unity coalition, a bloc that recycled much of National Convergence's previous electoral list in a bid to guarantee a high degree of parliamentary representation.{{sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018|p=61}}{{Cite news |last=Layme |first=Beatriz |date=15 July 2014 |title=UD apuesta por exlegisladores para hacerle frente al MAS |language=es |trans-title=UD Bets on Former Legislators to Face the MAS |work=Página Siete |publication-place=La Paz |url=https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/ud-apuesta-por-exlegisladores-para-hacerle-frente-al-mas-JMPS26865 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130030856/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2014/7/15/apuesta-exlegisladores-para-hacerle-frente-26865.html |archive-date=30 November 2021}} Benefitting from a favorable position at the top of her alliance's electoral list, Arce won the seat, becoming Democratic Unity's only senator in the department.{{Cite news |last=Fernández |first=Arturo |date=2014-10-13 |title=Los aliados de Evo no impulsan popularidad del MAS en Tarija |language=es |trans-title=Evo's Allies Did Not Boost the MAS's Popularity in Tarija |work=El País |publication-place=Tarija |url=https://elpais.bo/archivo-centrales/20141013_143364-los-aliados-de-evo-no-impulsan-popularidad-del-mas-en-tarija.html |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405040651/https://elpais.bo/archivo-centrales/20141013_143364-los-aliados-de-evo-no-impulsan-popularidad-del-mas-en-tarija.html |archive-date=2023-04-05}}
= Tenure =
Sworn in the following January, Arce spent her first year heading the Senate's Electoral System, Human Rights, and Social Equity Committee. Even as she exercised leadership over a key parliamentary post in the field of women's rights,{{Cite news |date=30 January 2015 |title=Senadores de Tarija logran puestos claves |language=es |trans-title=Tarija Senators Achieve Key Positions |work=El País |publication-place=Tarija |url=https://elpais.bo/archivo-nacional/20150130_157674-senadores-de-tarija-logran-puestos-claves.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112233242/https://elpais.bo/archivo-nacional/20150130_157674-senadores-de-tarija-logran-puestos-claves.html |archive-date=12 November 2022}} Arce often found herself contending with machista currents within her own caucus, an issue that ultimately led to her estrangement from the opposition alliance.{{Cite news |date=27 October 2017 |title=Senadora Mirtha Arce se aleja de Unidad Demócrata |language=es |trans-title=Senator Mirtha Arce Distances Herself from Democratic Unity |agency=ERBOL |publication-place=La Paz |url=https://anteriorportal.erbol.com.bo/noticia/politica/27102017/cuarta_baja_senadora_mirtha_arce_se_aleja_tambien_de_la_ud |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112233433/https://anteriorportal.erbol.com.bo/noticia/politica/27102017/cuarta_baja_senadora_mirtha_arce_se_aleja_tambien_de_la_ud |archive-date=12 November 2022}} These internal divisions culminated in 2016 when Arce refused to chair a committee her caucus had assigned to her, opting instead to seek a position on the Senate's powerful Ethics Commission. With the supporting votes of legislators from the ruling Movement for Socialism, Arce obtained the post, beating out the candidate nominated by the rest of the Democratic Unity caucus.{{Cite news |date=29 January 2016 |title=Surgen fricciones en UD por cargos en el Senado |language=es |trans-title=Frictions Arise in UD over Positions in the Senate |work=El País |agency=ERBOL |publication-place=Tarija |url=https://elpais.bo/archivo-nacional/20160129_203183-surgen-fricciones-en-ud-por-cargos-en-el-senadov.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112233617/https://elpais.bo/archivo-nacional/20160129_203183-surgen-fricciones-en-ud-por-cargos-en-el-senadov.html |archive-date=12 November 2022}}{{Cite news |last=Layme |first=Beatriz |date=6 May 2016 |title=El MAS elige a opositora crítica de Murillo en Comisión de Ética |language=es |trans-title=The MAS Elects Murillo Critic to the Ethics Commission |work=Página Siete |publication-place=La Paz |url=https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/el-mas-elige-a-opositora-critica-de-murillo-en-comision-de-etica-MUPS95608 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507124723/http://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2016/5/6/elige-opositora-critica-murillo-comision-etica-95608.html |archive-date=7 May 2016}} The following year, Arce officialized her break from the alliance with which she was elected. For the duration of her term, she operated as an independent, unaffiliated with any of the Senate's three parliamentary caucuses.{{Cite news |date=28 October 2017 |title=Mirtha Arce se aleja de UD por acoso político |language=es |trans-title=Mirtha Arce Distances Herself from UD Over Political Harassment |work=El Diario |publication-place=La Paz |url=https://www.pub.eldiario.net/noticias/2017/2017_10/nt171028/politica.php?n=55 |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112233903/https://www.pub.eldiario.net/noticias/2017/2017_10/nt171028/politica.php?n=55 |archive-date=12 November 2022}}
= Commission assignments =
- Constitution, Human Rights, Legislation, and Electoral System Commission
- Electoral System, Human Rights, and Social Equity Committee (Secretary: {{tooltip|2=28 January 2015|2015|dotted=no}}–{{tooltip|2=31 January 2017|2017|dotted=no}}){{Cite web |date=28 January 2015 |title=La Cámara de Senadores conformó sus 10 Comisiones y 20 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2015–2016 |url=http://www.senado.bo/noticia/senado_conforma_comisiones_y_comites_legislatura_2015__2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726212311/http://www.senado.bo/noticia/senado_conforma_comisiones_y_comites_legislatura_2015__2016 |archive-date=26 July 2015 |access-date=26 December 2022 |website=senado.bo |publisher=Chamber of Senators |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}
- {{Cite web |date=2 February 2016 |title=La Cámara de Senadores conformó sus 10 Comisiones y 20 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2016–2017 |url=https://web.senado.gob.bo/prensa/noticias/senado-conforma-comisiones-y-comit%C3%A9s-para-la-legislatura-2016-2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117013558/https://web.senado.gob.bo/prensa/noticias/senado-conforma-comisiones-y-comit%C3%A9s-para-la-legislatura-2016-2017 |archive-date=17 November 2019 |access-date=26 December 2022 |website=web.senado.gob.bo |publisher=Chamber of Senators |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}
- Plural Justice, Prosecutor's Office, and Legal Defense of the State Commission
- Prosecutor's Office and Legal Defense of the State Committee (Secretary: {{tooltip|2=19 January 2018|2018|dotted=no}}–{{tooltip|2=20 November 2019|2019|dotted=no}}){{Cite web |date=19 January 2018 |title=La Cámara de Senadores conformó sus 10 Comisiones y 20 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2018–2019 |url=http://senado.gob.bo/prensa/noticias/senado-posesiona-su-directiva-camaral-para-la-gesti%C3%B3n-2018-2019-y-conforma |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120044358/http://senado.gob.bo/prensa/noticias/senado-posesiona-su-directiva-camaral-para-la-gesti%C3%B3n-2018-2019-y-conforma |archive-date=20 January 2018 |access-date=26 December 2022 |website=senado.bo |publisher=Chamber of Senators |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}
- {{Cite web |date=24 January 2019 |title=La Cámara de Senadores conformó sus 10 Comisiones y 20 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2019–2020 |url=https://web.senado.gob.bo/prensa/noticias/senado-conforma-comisiones-y-comit%C3%A9s-para-la-legislatura-2019-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117030346/https://web.senado.gob.bo/prensa/noticias/senado-conforma-comisiones-y-comit%C3%A9s-para-la-legislatura-2019-2020 |archive-date=17 November 2019 |access-date=26 December 2022 |website=web.senado.gob.bo |publisher=Chamber of Senators |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}
- Territorial Organization of the State and Autonomies Commission (President: {{tooltip|2=31 January 2017|2017|dotted=no}}–{{tooltip|2=19 January 2018|2018|dotted=no}}, {{tooltip|2=20 November 2019|2019|dotted=no}}–{{tooltip|2=3 November 2020|2020|dotted=no}}){{Cite web |date=31 January 2017 |title=La Cámara de Senadores conformó sus 10 Comisiones y 20 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2017–2018 |url=https://web.senado.gob.bo/prensa/noticias/senado-conforma-comisiones-y-comit%C3%A9s-por-la-legislatura-2017-%E2%80%93-2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019091109/https://web.senado.gob.bo/prensa/noticias/senado-conforma-comisiones-y-comit%C3%A9s-por-la-legislatura-2017-%E2%80%93-2018 |archive-date=19 October 2020 |access-date=26 December 2022 |website=web.senado.gob.bo |publisher=Chamber of Senators |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}
- {{Cite tweet|number=1197228256988221441|user=SenadoBolivia|title=La Cámara de Senadores modificó sus 10 Comisiones y 20 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2019–2020|author=Chamber of Senators|date=20 November 2019|access-date=26 December 2022|language=es|location=La Paz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120190346/https://twitter.com/SenadoBolivia/status/1197228256988221441|archive-date=20 November 2019|url-status=live}}
- {{Cite tweet|number=1222548585637666818|user=SenadoBolivia|title=La Cámara de Senadores conformó sus 10 Comisiones y 20 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2020|author=Chamber of Senators|date=29 January 2020|access-date=26 December 2022|language=es|location=La Paz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019033346/https://twitter.com/SenadoBolivia/status/1222548585637666818|archive-date=19 October 2020|url-status=live}}
- {{Cite tweet|number=1270910819002441728|user=SenadoBolivia|title=La Cámara de Senadores modificó sus 10 Comisiones y 20 Comités: Gestión Legislativa 2020|author=Chamber of Senators|date=10 June 2020|access-date=20 February 2023|language=es|location=La Paz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611025242/https://twitter.com/SenadoBolivia/status/1270910819002441728|archive-date=11 June 2020|url-status=live}}
- Ethics and Transparency Commission ({{tooltip|2=5 May 2016|2016|dotted=no}}–{{tooltip|2=8 March 2017|2017|dotted=no}}){{Cite web |date=5 May 2016 |title=La Cámara de Senadores conformó su Comisión de Ética y Transparencia: Gestión Legislativa 2016–2017 |url=https://web.senado.gob.bo/prensa/noticias/g%C3%B3mez-y-arce-completan-comisi%C3%B3n-de-%C3%A9tica-en-senado-2016-2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117030549/https://web.senado.gob.bo/prensa/noticias/g%C3%B3mez-y-arce-completan-comisi%C3%B3n-de-%C3%A9tica-en-senado-2016-2017 |archive-date=17 November 2019 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=web.senado.gob.bo |publisher=Chamber of Senators |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}
Tarija gubernatorial campaign
{{Main|2021 Tarija gubernatorial election}}
Soon after the conclusion of her senatorial term, Arce jumped onto the campaign trail, announcing a bid for the Tarija governorship. Though initially invited to be the Christian Democratic Party's nominee,{{Cite news |date=9 December 2020 |title=Mirtha Arce anuncia su candidatura a la gobernación de Tarija 'con ideas y rostros nuevos' |language=es |trans-title=Mirtha Arce Announces Her Candidacy for the Tarija Governorship "With New Ideas and Faces" |work=El País |publication-place=Tarija |url=https://elpais.bo/tarija/20201209_mirtha-arce-anuncia-su-candidatura-a-la-gobernacion-de-tarija-con-ideas-y-rostros-nuevos.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201211532/https://elpais.bo/tarija/20201209_mirtha-arce-anuncia-su-candidatura-a-la-gobernacion-de-tarija-con-ideas-y-rostros-nuevos.html |archive-date=1 December 2021}} Arce instead registered her candidacy with a local party: Integration, Security, and Autonomy. Of the candidates contesting the governorship in Tarija, Arce stood out as the only woman,{{Cite news |last=Maygua |first=David |date=19 February 2021 |title=Mirtha Arce, la única mujer que disputa la gobernación de Tarija con una campaña austera |language=es |trans-title=Mirtha Arce, the Only Woman Disputing the Governorship of Tarija, Runs an Austere Campaign |work=El Deber |publication-place=Santa Cruz de la Sierra |url=https://eldeber.com.bo/tarija/mirtha-arce-la-unica-mujer-que-disputa-la-gobernacion-de-tarija-con-una-campana-austera_221389 |url-status=live |url-access=registration |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219165804/https://eldeber.com.bo/tarija/mirtha-arce-la-unica-mujer-que-disputa-la-gobernacion-de-tarija-con-una-campana-austera_221389 |archive-date=19 February 2021}} making her the first woman to do so in the department's electoral history,{{Cite news |last=Campos |first=Lidia |date=30 November 2020 |title=Partido Demócrata Cristiano invita a la Dra. Mirtha Arce Camacho como candidata a la gobernación de Tarija |language=es |trans-title=Christian Democratic Party Invites Dr. Mirtha Arce Camacho as a Candidate for the Tarija Governorship |work=Al Día Bolivia |url=https://aldiabolivia.com/partido-democrata-cristiano-invita-a-la-dra-mirtha-arce-camacho-como-candidata-a-la-gobernacion-de-tarija/ |url-status=dead |access-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118034918/https://aldiabolivia.com/partido-democrata-cristiano-invita-a-la-dra-mirtha-arce-camacho-como-candidata-a-la-gobernacion-de-tarija/ |archive-date=18 January 2021}} as well as one of just seven women nationwide nominated to run in gubernatorial elections that cycle.{{Cite news |last=Segales |first=Erika |date=9 January 2021 |title=Comicios: Sólo 7 mujeres buscan ser gobernadoras, entre 84 candidaturas |language=es |trans-title=Elections: Only 7 Women Seek to Become Governors, Out of 84 Candidates |work=Página Siete |publication-place=La Paz |url=https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/comicios-solo-7-mujeres-buscan-ser-gobernadoras-entre-84-candidaturas-CJPS280604 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109082438/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/1/9/comicios-solo-mujeres-buscan-ser-gobernadoras-entre-84-candidaturas-280604.html |archive-date=9 January 2021}} Of the participating parties, Arce's campaign represented the most conservative segments of Tarija society,{{Cite news |last=de Torres |first=Miguel V. |date=12 February 2021 |title=Rumbo al 7M: Sin comadres, sin debate, con ministro |language=es |trans-title=Towards 7M: Without Women, Without Debate, with the Minister |work=El País |publication-place=Tarija |url=https://elpais.bo/tarija/20210212_rumbo-al-7m-sin-comadres-sin-debate-con-ministro.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302174211/https://elpais.bo/tarija/20210212_rumbo-al-7m-sin-comadres-sin-debate-con-ministro.html |archive-date=2 March 2021}} a fact she did little to disguise or grow past. According to journalist Miguel V. de Torres, this factor—in addition to her campaign's comparatively low budget—made it difficult for her to "find any space in which to fish for votes that are not [already] hers". Arce found herself unable to gain significant traction, and she ultimately lost the election, finishing in a distant fourth place.{{Cite news |last=Maygua |first=David |date=12 March 2021 |title=TED de Tarija ratifica segunda vuelta para elección de gobernador |language=es |trans-title=Tarija TED Confirms Second Round in Governor Election |work=El Deber |publication-place=Santa Cruz de la Sierra |url=https://eldeber.com.bo/pais/ted-de-tarija-ratifica-segunda-vuelta-para-eleccion-de-gobernador_224057 |url-status=live |url-access=registration |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312184358/https://eldeber.com.bo/pais/ted-de-tarija-ratifica-segunda-vuelta-para-eleccion-de-gobernador_224057 |archive-date=12 March 2021}}
Electoral history
Publications
{{Refbegin}}
- {{Cite book |ref=none |last=Arce Camacho |first=Mirtha N. |title=Mujer y avances legislativos en Bolivia |publisher=Talleres de Edición Luis de Fuentes |year=2001 |location=Tarija |language=es}}
- {{Cite book |ref=none |last=Arce Camacho |first=Mirtha N. |title=El Ministerio Público |publisher=Talleres de Edición Luis de Fuentes |year=2004 |location=Tarija |language=es |author-mask=11}}
{{Refend}}
References
= Notes =
{{Notelist-lg}}
= Footnotes =
{{Reflist}}
= Bibliography =
{{Refbegin|35em|indent=yes}}
- {{Cite book |last=Romero Ballivián |first=Salvador |author-link=Salvador Romero |editor-last=Quiroga Velasco |editor-first=Camilo |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324569555 |title=Diccionario biográfico de parlamentarios 1979–2019 |publisher=Fundación de Apoyo al Parlamento y la Participación Ciudadana; Fundación Konrad Adenauer |year=2018 |isbn=978-99974-0-021-5 |oclc=1050945993 |edition=2nd |location=La Paz |pages=60–61 |language=es |via=ResearchGate |access-date=13 November 2022 |archive-date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613014819/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324569555_Diccionario_biografico_de_parlamentarios_1979_-_2019 |url-status=live }}
- {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014}} |editor-last1=Vargas Luna |editor-first1=María Elena |editor-last2=Villavicencio Arancibia |editor-first2=Jois Sarelly |url=https://en.calameo.com/read/0041400856667cf344860 |title=Primera Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional de Bolivia, Cámara de Diputados: Diccionario Biográfico, Diputadas y Diputados Titulares y Suplentes 2010–2015 |publisher=Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia |year=2014 |location=La Paz |page=174 |language=es |oclc=961105285 |via=Calaméo |access-date=13 November 2022 |archive-date=22 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022210143/https://en.calameo.com/read/0041400856667cf344860 |url-status=live }}
{{Refend}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [https://www.vicepresidencia.gob.bo/spip.php?page=parlamentario&id_parlamentario=262 Parliamentary profile (2010)] Office of the Vice President {{inlang|es}}.
- [https://www.vicepresidencia.gob.bo/spip.php?page=parlamentario&id_parlamentario=580 Parliamentary profile (2015)] Office of the Vice President {{inlang|es}}.
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20191116230036/https://web.senado.gob.bo/senadoras-es/mirtha-natividad-arce-camacho Parliamentary profile] Chamber of Senators {{inlang|es}}. Archived from [https://web.senado.gob.bo/senadoras-es/mirtha-natividad-arce-camacho the original] on 16 November 2019.
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMiepfOBPiY&t Interview] with Jesús Cantín on El País {{inlang|es}}.
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