Mirza Muhammad Hakim
{{More citations needed|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| image = Mirzahakim.png
| caption =
| succession = Subahdar of Kabul
| reign = 23 October 1575 – 1580
| coronation = Akbar I
| alt = Hakim
| name = Mirza Hakim
| title = Shahzada of Mughal Empire
| predecessor = Munim Khan
| successor = Man Singh I
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1553|04|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = Kabul, Mughal Empire
(modern-day Afghanistan)
| death_date = {{death date and age|1585|10|10|1553|04|29|df=y}}
| death_place = Mughal Empire
| burial_place = Gardens of Babur, Kabul, Afghanistan
| spouse = Daughter of Sulaiman Shah Mirza of Badakhshan
| issue = {{plainlist|
- Afrasiyab Mirza
- Qaiqubad Mirza
- Kabuli Begum}}
| full name = Mirza Muhammad Hakim ibn Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Humayun
| house = House of Babur
| father = Humayun
| mother = Mah Chuchak Begum
| religion = Sunni Islam (Hanafi)
| dynasty = Timurid dynasty
}}
Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Hakim (29 April 1553 – 10 October 1585{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}), sometimes known simply as Mirza Hakim, was the third son of the Mughal emperor Humayun. He ruled Kabul in Afghanistan, and often conflicted with his elder brother, Emperor Akbar, who he later on mended ways with. He was the son of Mah Chuchak Begum. Mirza Hakim was the ruler of Kabul, and was practically independent, although supposed to owe fealty to the Mughal emperor.{{Cite book |page=190|quote= Akbar by his half-brother, Mirza Muhammad Hakim, the ruler of Kabul, who was practically independent, although supposed to owe fealty to the emperor of Hindostan, |first=Vincent A. | last=Smith |url=http://archive.org/details/akbar-vincent-a.-smith |title=Akbar (Vincent A. Smith)}}
Invasion of Afghanistan
As per the Tabakat-i-Akbari of Nizamuddin Ahmad, Mughal Emperor Akbar had dispatched Hakim, who was a staunch adherent of the missionary-minded Naqshbandi Sufi order, against the "infidels" of Katwar in 1582.{{cite book|title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume IV|editor1-first=C. E. | editor1-last=Bosworth|editor1-link=C. E. Bosworth |editor2-first=E. | editor2-last=Van Donzel|editor3-first=Bernard|editor3-last=Lewis|editor3-link=Bernard Lewis|editor4-first=Charles|editor4-last=Pellat|editor4-link=Charles Pellat|page=409|publisher=Brill}} Hakim was a semi-independent governor of Kabul.{{cite journal|journal=Israel Oriental Studies|volume=10|page=153|publisher=Tel Aviv University|first=C. E.|last=Bosworth|author-link=C. E. Bosworth|title=Ğihād in Afghanistan and Muslim India}} The Sifat-nama-yi Darviš Muhammad Hān-i Ğāzī of Kadi Muhammad Salim who accompanied the expedition mentions its details. The Sifat-nama gives Muhammad Hakim the epithet of Darviš Khan Gazi.
Muhammad Darvish's religious crusade fought its way from Laghman to Alishang, and is stated to have conquered and converted 66 valleys to Islam. After conquering Tajau and Nijrau valleys in Panjshir area, the crusaders established a fort at Islamabad at confluence of Alishang and Alingar rivers. They continued the raid up to Alishang and made their last effort against the non-Muslims of Alingar, fighting up to Mangu, the modern border between Pashai and Ashkun-speaking areas.{{cite book|title=Gates of Peristan: history, religion and society in the Hindu Kush|publisher=Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente|first1=Alberto M. | last1=Cacopardo | first2=Augusto S. | last2=Cacopardo|page=32}}
Rebellion
Akhlaq-i-Hakimi written by his secretary confirmed the commitment of Kabul's kingdom to the supremacy of Islam and Muslims, unlike the court of Akbar which inched towards tolerating difference and protection of people of all faiths. He also swore fealty to Babur while Akbar had embraced Humayun. By presenting himself as a contrast to Akbar, he became a focus of anti-Akbar rebels who requested him to invade and dethrone Akbar in 1566 and 1581. His invasion however met with little success as only a few north Indians supported him.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2vhbDSXbbksC&pg=PA138|title=The Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504-1719|publisher= Cambridge University Press|first=Munis D. | last=Faruqui|date=27 August 2012|page=138|isbn=9781107022171}}
Hakim made a plea to Akbar's Central Asian officers to not help him occupy Kabul and instead attack the Indians in the Mughal army. His efforts however failed and Kabul was occupied. Hakim was defeated in 1582 and his prime minister Khwaja Hasan Naqshbandi was exiled by Akbar. After his death in 1585 due to alcohol poisoning, Akbar had his sons expelled to India and ended his princely appanage.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2vhbDSXbbksC&pg=PA137|title=The Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504-1719|publisher= Cambridge University Press|first=Munis D. | last=Faruqui|date=27 August 2012|pages=137, 139|isbn=9781107022171}}
References
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