Miss America 1923

{{Short description|3rd Miss America pageant}}

{{Infobox beauty pageant

| winner = Mary Katherine Campbell

| represented = N/A

| date = September 7, 1923

| presenters = King Neptune (Hudson Maxim)

| entrants = 75

| placements = 5

| venue = Million Dollar Pier, Atlantic City, New Jersey

| broadcaster =

| before = 1922

| next = 1924

|image=Mary Katherine Campbell.jpg|caption=Mary Katherine Campbell, Miss America 1923}}

File:Openingceremony-1923missamerica.jpg

Miss America 1923, was the third Miss America pageant, held at the Million Dollar Pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey on Friday, September 7, 1923.{{cite news|title=Miss Columbus Again Captures Beauty Title| date=1923-09-07|publisher=The Norwalk Hour|page=16}}{{cite news|title=Ohio Girl Again is 'Miss America'| date=1923-09-08|publisher=The Sandusky Register|page=1}}

At the conclusion of the event, King Neptune crowned the incumbent titleholder Mary Katherine Campbell as Miss America 1923. Campbell is the only Miss America to win the title twice.{{cite news|title=Twice Honored As Miss America| date=1923-09-08|publisher=The Sandusky Star Journal|page=5}}{{cite web|url=http://www.missamerica.org/our-miss-americas/1920/1923.aspx |title=Miss America History 1923 |access-date=2012-04-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210181621/http://www.missamerica.org/our-miss-americas/1920/1923.aspx |archive-date=2015-02-10 }}

Contestants from 75 cities, states, and titles competed at the event. The event was presented by Hudson Maxim dressed as King Neptune.

Overview

=Organization of pageant=

The pageant consisted of four phases of competition: evening dress (called King Neptune's Court); roller chair parade, bathing girl revue, and the final.{{cite news |first=Johnathan |last=Croyle |title= Miss Syracuse charms at the 1923 Miss America Pageant |url=https://www.syracuse.com/vintage/2018/09/miss_syracuse_charms_at_the_1923_miss_america_pageant.html |website=Syracuse.com |date=September 8, 2018}} There was no talent competition at this pageant (this would not become part of the Miss America competition until 1935).{{cite news |first=Karen |last=Schnitzspahn |title=There She Was – Miss Long Branch|newspaper=Asbury Park Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17247651/asbury-park-press/ |location=Asbury Park, New Jersey |date=September 8, 1997|page=4 |quote=...talent contest that was established in 1935.|via=Newspapers.com}}

=Judges=

The panel of judges for the national pageant included film director, Penrhyn Stanlaws; painter, Joseph Cummings Chase; glamour artist, J. Knowles Hare; illustrator, Dean Cornwell; and painter and illustrator, Norman Rockwell.{{cite news |title=Columbus, O. Girl Again Wins Title of "Miss America" |newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26321208/the-pittsburgh-press/ |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |date=September 8, 1923 |page=5 |via=Newspapers.com}}

=Aftermath=

Soon after the conclusion of the pageant, numerous women's clubs and church groups protested against any further beauty contests and "[urged] that they be prohibited by law," "[denouncing them] as vulgar, undignified and demoralizing to young womanhood."{{cite news |title=Why They Want a Law Forbidding Beauty Contests |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/97444713/ |work=Detroit Free Press |location=Detroit, Michigan |date=November 11, 1923 |at=Feature Section, p. 3 |via=Newspapers.com}}{{cite book |last1=Watson |first1=Elwood |last2=Martin |first2=Darcy |title="There She Is, Miss America": The Politics of Sex, Beauty, and Race in America's Most Famous Pageant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEEWDAAAQBAJ |edition=1 |location=New York, New York |publisher=Springer Publishing |date=2004 |isbn=1403981825 |via= Google Books}}{{cite news|title=Attacks Bathing Review: Preacher Says Atlantic City Event Endangers Youthful Morals |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1923/09/11/archives/attacks-bathing-review-preacher-says-atlantic-city-event-endangers.html |newspaper=The New York Times |location=New York, New York |date=September 11, 1923 |page=15}} One woman was quoted as saying "The beauty of our girls is too glorious, too sacred a thing to be put on exhibition like the freaks in a circus side show, to be commercialized and made the basis for all sorts of mercenary schemes."

Another protest arose when Ethelda Kenvin, Miss Brooklyn, was named the 1st runner-up at the conclusion of the contest despite being married since 1921 to professional baseball player Eppie Barnes. Some of her fellow contestants insisted that her placement and awards be revoked due to her marital status and violations of eligibility rules. The judges' panel were made aware of this but ultimately decided to allow Kenvin to keep her prizes.

Additionally, Helmar Liederman of New York filed suit against the contest directors, Armand T. Nichols and Harry L. Godshall, Sr., for $150,000 due to their refusal to allow her to enter the national competition as "Miss Alaska" because she was a married woman, despite being authorized to compete by a newspaper in Juneau, Alaska.

Results

=Placements=

class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"

! Placement

! Contestant

Miss America 1923
{{center|{{small|"Golden Mermaid"}}}}

|

  • Miss America 1922Mary Katherine Campbell{{cite news |date=September 7, 1923 |title=Miss Columbus Again Captures Beauty Title |page=16 |publisher=The Norwalk Hour}}{{cite news |title=Miss Columbus Again Elected Beauty Queen |newspaper=Wausau Daily Record-Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26320406/wausau-daily-herald/ |location=Wausau, Wisconsin |date=September 8, 1923 |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com}}
1st Runner-Up

|

  • Brooklyn – Ethelda Kenvin{{cite web |date=September 21, 2016 |title=1923 Miss America Pageant 1st Runner-Up Trophy - Brooklyn Kid Makes Good |url=https://lelands.com/bids/1923-miss-america-pageant-1st-runner-up-trophy---brooklyn-kid-makes-good?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=22c9582dfda9f468ba89c6d467e8712cd4ac0ccb-1584851295-0-AT_96vQUL-P-bc5QGJ7xvxK6Yc0k_tZs0Nfp9Geh2Pe4TiSc_qDxNvjNxSYG4UgAlFeYeTW7G2tBvllT0LjtCXiHJSfT3OmNxcCzOmHTLOsjsvL1JQsy5_raRNxV3XMQX6tJik1K3eDOwQllX83rU4f-G5amzH1LftRH5k7up9ZRx_s4FVjkAhV7NpoCNnZY_5i_RQBP-vccbZJYhF85hSSnn_6Gd5z7EAZekL79Fkxe07L1yeLIAbu1ESg0yPlBau40ng10n9fcr2YUPitmGK-9yqMKKUq1pQqVwflUpWIYiF-aeA_r1l8GoHmlrRH48wyeytgJLv4GTvg4DqYb_HTHTPPHNTaaR8bJ-rXPc2CdFYltQbkoscZxj6yt1jGtRg |website=Lelands}}
2nd Runner-Up

|

  • Coney Island – Heather Eulalie Walker{{cite news |title=Beauty Escapes Death; Miss Coney Island Arrives Too Late for Fatal Flight |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1923/09/10/archives/beauty-escapes-death-miss-coney-island-arrives-too-late-for-fatal.html |location=New York, New York |date=September 9, 1923 |page=17 |quote=...who finished third in the international beauty tournament...|via=Newspapers.com}}
3rd Runner-Up

|

  • St. Louis – Charlotte Nash{{cite news |title=Columbus Girl Wins for Second Time Title of Miss America |newspaper=The Boston Globe |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26319897/the-boston-globe/|location=Boston, Massachusetts |date=September 8, 1923 |page=2 |quote=...Miss Charlotte Nash of St Louis and Miss Marian Green of Philadelphia were the runners up, in the order named.|via=Newspapers.com}}
4th Runner-Up

|

Awards

= Evening Dress Award =

Award also referred to as "King Neptune's Court."

class="wikitable"

! Results

! Contestant

Winner

|

Runner-up

|

= Roller Chair Parade =

class="wikitable"

! Awards

! Contestant

Grand Prize

|

  • St. Louis – Charlotte Nash{{cite news|title=Miss St. Louis First in Atlantic City Beauty Trials |url=https://archives.post-gazette.com/clip/23052097/pittsburgh-daily-post/|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Post |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |date=September 6, 1923 |page=2}}
Second Prize

|

Third Prize

|

Fourth Prize

|

Fifth Prize

|

Contestants

{{Plainlist|

  • {{Color box|gold|border=darkgray}} Winner
  • {{Color box|#FFFF66|border=darkgray}} Runner-up
  • {{Color box|#e3ffcd|border=darkgray}} Non-Finalist Award Winner

}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"

! City / State / Title

! Name

! Age

! Notes

Akron

| Thelma Boyd{{cite news |title=Be Chosen In Beauty Show|newspaper=The Lima News |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/lima-news-sep-07-1923-p-1/ |location=Lima, Ohio |date=September 7, 1923 |page=1 |via=Newspaperarchive.com}}

|

|

File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg Alaska

| Helmar Liederman{{cite news |first=Geoffrey |last=Dunn |title=Arctic Venus: The first Miss Alaska |url=https://www.anchoragepress.com/news/arctic-venus-the-first-miss-alaska/article_38361b60-ccf7-5ccb-ab9e-f1138a68680c.html |work=Anchorage Press|location=Anchorage, Alaska |date=August 24, 2011}}

| 24

| Competed in Miss America 1922 pageant as Miss Alaska.{{cite news |title=Miss Alaska Follows Trail of Ice, Water, Air, Rail to Beauty Camp |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/410397066/ |work=Daily News |location=New York, New York |date=September 3, 1922 |page=15 |via=Newspapers.com}}
Disqualified from 1923 pageant because she was married.

File:Flag of Albany, New York.svg Albany

| Peggy Ross{{cite news |title=Golden Apple Is Sought by Scores |newspaper=The Allentown Morning Call |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26319381/the-morning-call/|location=Allentown, Pennsylvania |date=September 6, 1923 |page=11 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

Allentown

| Helen Noble{{cite news |title=Half a Dozen America Beauties, Please |newspaper=The Daily News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=33532&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjg4MjU4MjEsImlhdCI6MTU4NjY1MDIwMSwiZXhwIjoxNTg2NzM2NjAxfQ.YD71aKUA0b-9JGxDrgmMsgLjrdWD255BbaQo-Q7QaAc |location=Frederick, Maryland |date=September 6, 1923 |page=11 |via=Newspaper.com}}

|

|

Altoona

| Margaret Lillian Ross

|

|

Asheville

| Rose Hildebrand

|

|

File:Flag of Atlanta.svg Atlanta, Georgia

| Frances Thayer

|

|

File:Flag of Baltimore, Maryland.svg Baltimore

| Billie Muller

|

|

Binghamton

| Bonita C. Bement

| 19

|

Birmingham

| Louise Newman

|

|

{{flagicon|Boston}} Boston

| Margaret L. Black

|

|

Bridgeton

| Sarah Delp

|

|

Brighton Beach

| Edithea Lois Wild{{cite news |title=Lois Wilde, Famous Model at 15, Still Loves Dolls, but Aspires to Be a Bernhardt |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/21596212/lois_wilde/ |work=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |location=Brooklyn, New York |date=December 10, 1922 |page=4 |via=Newspapers.com}}

| 15

|

style="background-color:#FFFF66;"

| File:Flag of Brooklyn, New York.svg Brooklyn

| Ethelda Kenvin

| 24

| Married baseball player, E.D. Barnes, in 1921

File:BuffaloOld.gif Buffalo

| Irene Knight

|

|

Burlington

| Hazel Gove

|

|

File:Flag of Cambridge, Massachusetts.svg Cambridge

| Doris Rowden George{{cite news |title=Golden Apple Is Sought by Scores |newspaper=The Allentown Morning Call |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26319391/the-morning-call/ |location=Allentown, Pennsylvania |date=September 6, 1923 |page=12 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

Camden

| Florence Nurock

|

|

Cape May

| Mildred McCann

|

|

{{flagicon|Chicago}} Chicago

| Corrine Dellefield

|

|

{{flagicon|Cincinnati}} Cincinnati

| Olga Emrick

|

| Later worked as a stenographer and was active with the "Anti-Flirt Club"{{cite web|first=Alexis |last=Coe |title=Stop That Skirt-Chaser! The Movement to Outlaw Flirting in the 1920s |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/02/stop-that-skirt-chaser-the-movement-to-outlaw-flirting-in-the-1920s/273068/ |work=The Atlantic |date=February 12, 2013 |quote=Olga Emrick, a Cincinnati stenographer, shows how a jiu-jitsu twist}}

File:Flag of Cleveland, Ohio.svg Cleveland

| Mary Jane Clark

|

|

Columbus

| Genevieve Mambourg

|

|

style="background-color:#FFFF66;"

| Coney Island

| Heather Eulalie Walker

|

| Star of the lost musical film, Hit the Deck, opposite Jack Oakie{{cite web|title=Hit the Deck – 1929|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0020977/ |work=IMDb}}

Cumberland

| Elizabeth Catherine Steele{{cite news |title=Elizabeth Catherine Steele Crowned "Miss Cumberland" |newspaper=Cumberland Evening Times |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/cumberland-evening-times-aug-30-1923-p-1/ |location=Cumberland, Maryland |date=August 30, 1923 |page=1|via=Newspaperarchive.com}}

| 18

|

Detroit

| Beth Madson

|

| Also competed in Miss America 1922 pageant as Miss Detroit{{cite news |title=America's Prettiest Girls |newspaper=The Evening News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/59114451/ |location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |date=September 14, 1922 |page=22 |via=Newspapers.com}}

Easton

| Agnes Connelly

|

|

File: Flag of Erie, Pennsylvania.svg Erie

| Dorothy Haupt

|

| Also competed in Miss America 1922 pageant as Miss Easton{{cite news |first=Alex Q. |last=Arbuckle |title=1922:The first Miss America |work=Mashable |url=https://mashable.com/2015/07/12/first-miss-america/ |date=July 12, 2015 |quote=Gorman, far right, poses in swimwear, with Mary Dague as "Miss Wheeling," Dorothy Haupt as "Miss Easton,"...}}

Fort Worth

| Bessie Laurene Roosa{{cite news |title=Wins Beauty Contest |work=National Petroleum News |publisher=National Petroleum Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WcRqVCtGIcAC&q=Bessie+Laurene+Roosa+fort+worth+1923&pg=RA13-PT166 |volume= 15 |issue=3 |date=September 5, 1923 |page=62 |via=Google Books}}

|

|

Hammonton

| Alice Kind

|

|

Harrisburg

| Helen R. Knisely{{cite news |title=More Beauties |newspaper=The Daily News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=33532&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjg4MjU4MjEsImlhdCI6MTU4NjY1MDIwMSwiZXhwIjoxNTg2NzM2NjAxfQ.YD71aKUA0b-9JGxDrgmMsgLjrdWD255BbaQo-Q7QaAc |location=Frederick, Maryland |date=September 6, 1923 |page=11 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

Jacksonville

| Alyce Phillips

|

|

Johnstown

| Betty Grening{{cite news |title=Miss Johnstown Selected by Judges |newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/149541604/ |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |date=September 1, 1923 |page=5 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

Lakeland

| Mary Weaver{{cite news |first=M.F. |last=Hetherington |title=History of Polk County Florida |publisher=The Record Company |url=https://digital.lib.usf.edu/SFS0036427/00001 |location=Lakeland, Florida |quote=Miss Mary Weaver represented Lakeland in the Beauty Pageant at Atlantic City in September, 1923.}}

|

|

Lebanon

| Grace Kohr{{cite news |title=Miss Grace Kohr Wins Right to Represent Lebanon in Shore Beauty Pageant Next Month |newspaper=Evening Report |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6568617/evening-report/ |location=Lebanon, Pennsylvania |date=August 21, 1923 |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

Long Branch

| Elene Hicks{{cite news |first=Karen |last=Schnitzspahn |title=There She Was – Miss Long Branch|newspaper=Asbury Park Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17247651/asbury-park-press/ |location=Asbury Park, New Jersey |date=September 8, 1997|page=4 |quote=...talent contest that was established in 1935.|via=Newspapers.com}}

| 19

| Died of breast cancer in 1940 at age 38

Louisville

| Juanita Hobbs

|

|

style="background-color:#e3ffcd;"

| Memphis

| Elizabeth Mallory{{cite news |title=Trade Conditions |work=The Jewelers' Circular |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEIcAQAAMAAJ&q=Elizabeth+Mallory+1923+memphis&pg=RA11-PA92 |volume=88 |date=April 23, 1924 |page=92 |quote=Miss Elizabeth Mallory, Miss Memphis for 1923, pitched the first ball. |via=Google Books}}

|

|

Miami

| Katherine Kyle{{cite news |title=Miss Newlon Is to Represent City|newspaper=Miami News-Metropolis |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/298499495/ |location=Miami, Florida |date=September 3, 1923|page=23 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

| Also known as "Katherine Newlon"

Miss America 1921

| Margaret Gorman{{cite news |title=Margaret Gorman Cahill, 90; First Miss America |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-05-mn-53656-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=October 5, 1995}}

| 18

| Competed as Miss America 1921

style="background-color:gold;"

| Miss America 1922

| Mary Katherine Campbell

| 16{{cite book |last1=Watson |first1=Elwood |last2=Martin |first2=Darcy |title="There She Is, Miss America": The Politics of Sex, Beauty, and Race in America's Most Famous Pageant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEEWDAAAQBAJ |edition=1 |location=New York, New York |publisher=Springer Publishing |date=2004 |isbn=1403981825 |via= Google Books}}

| Competed as Miss America 1922
Only woman to win the national pageant twice

New Bedford

| Mildred Salisbury

|

|

New Haven

| Helen Haddock

|

|

rowspan="3" |{{Flagicon|New Jersey}} New Jersey

|Elizabeth McClure{{Cite web|date=2018-06-28|title=Miss America 1923 Candidates|url=https://www.missamerica.org/titleholders/1923-candidates/|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Miss America|language=en-US}}

|

|

Alberta Dorothy Smith

|

|

Elsie Banholzer

|

|

{{flagicon|New York City}} New York City

| Peggy Verna Shevlin

|

|

Niagara Falls

| Nelda Tell

|

|

Norristown

| Mildred Maconachy{{cite news |title=Miss Norristown |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90914/mildred-maconachy-1923/ |location=New York, New York |date=September 2, 1923|page=74 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

Ocean City

| Grace Taylor{{cite news |title=Grace Taylor Is Miss Ocean City |newspaper=Cape May County Times |url=http://vdls.cmclibrary.org/?a=d&d=CMCTSIC19230817&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- |location=New York, New York |date=August 17, 1923|page=1 }}

|

|

Oklahoma City

| Mary Deen Overly{{cite news |title=Beauty|newspaper=Dixon Evening Telegraph |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/87559403/|location=Dixon, Illinois |date=September 8, 1923|page=5 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

Pensacola

| Katherine Floyd{{cite news |title=illegible|newspaper=Albert Lea Freeborn County Standard|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/albert-lea-freeborn-county-standard-sep-27-1923-p-3/ |location=Albert Lea, Minnesota |date=September 27, 1923 |page=3 |quote=Katherine Floyd...was entered as “Miss Pensacola” in the National Beauty Show at Atlantic City, NJ.|via=NewspaperArchive.com}}{{cite news |title=From the Sunny South |newspaper=The Daily News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=33532&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjg4MjU4MjEsImlhdCI6MTU4NjY1MDIwMSwiZXhwIjoxNTg2NzM2NjAxfQ.YD71aKUA0b-9JGxDrgmMsgLjrdWD255BbaQo-Q7QaAc |location=Frederick, Maryland |date=September 6, 1923 |page=11 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

style="background-color:#FFFF66;"

| {{flagicon|Philadelphia}} Philadelphia

| Marion Green{{cite news |title=Miss Philadelphia Leads the Parade |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/87559403/|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |date=September 7, 1923|page=3 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

Portland

| Winona Evelyn Drew

|

|

Portland

| Patricia Smith

|

|

Pottsville

| Isabel Lynch

|

|

File:Flag of Providence, Rhode Island.png Providence

| Loretta La Flamme

|

|

Reading

| Jane Ondeck{{cite news |title=ineligible |newspaper=Reading Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/47565406/|location=Reading, Pennsylvania |date=October 4, 1923 |page=8 |quote=Miss Jane Ondeck who represented Reading at the Atlantic City pageant...|via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

Richmond

| Billie Gates{{cite news |title=Beauties |newspaper=Olean Evening Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/35539129/ |location=Olean, New York |date=September 5, 1923 |page=13 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

Rochester

| Reta Cowles{{cite news |title=Daily Graphic Review of News Events |newspaper=Athens Messenger |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/athens-messenger-sep-04-1923-p-7/ |location=Athens, Ohio |date=September 4, 1923 |page=7 |via=NewspaperArchive.com}}

|

|

style="background-color:#FFFF66;"

| St. Louis

| Charlotte Nash

| 17

| Married millionaire and theatre magnate, Fred Nixon-Nirdlinger, twice{{cite news|title=Beauty Contest Girl Held as Husband Shot to Death |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3305620/reality-is-so-much-more-interesting/ |newspaper=The San Bernardino Daily Sun |location=San Bernardino, California |date=March 13, 1931 |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com}}{{cite news|title=Charlotte Nash |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26502940/the-st-louis-star-and-times/ |newspaper=The St. Louis Star |location=St. Louis, Missouri |date=May 19, 1926 |page=3 |via=Newspapers.com}}
Shot and killed Nixon-Nirdlinger in March 1931 in Nice, France{{cite news |title=Mrs. Nixon-Nirdlinger Goes on Trial Today |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1931/05/20/archives/mrs-nixonnirdlinger-goes-on-trial-today-acquittal-expected-in-nice.html|location=New York, New York |date=May 20, 1931 |page=13}}
Was acquitted after successfully arguing act was in self-defense{{cite news |title=First Intimate Details of Her Romance With the Theatrical Magnate |newspaper=The St. Louis Star |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25106543/the-st-louis-star-and-times/ |location=St. Louis, Missouri |date=July 7, 1931 |page=3 |quote=...acquitted in Nice, France of the murder of her husband.|via=Newspapers.com}}{{cite news|title=Takes Jury Ten Minutes to Acquit US Beauty |newspaper=The Central New Jersey Home News |location= New Brunswick, New Jersey |date= May 20, 1913}}

San Antonio

| Katherine Helmsley

|

|

File:Flag of San Francisco, California (1900–1940).svg San Francisco

| Violet Regal{{cite news |title=Extra Attraction |newspaper=The San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26109625/the-san-francisco-examiner/ |location=San Francisco, California |date=August 22, 1923 |page=11 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

Sunbury

| Mary Botto

|

|

Syracuse

| Eileen Snyder{{cite news |first=Johnathan |last=Croyle |title= Miss Syracuse charms at the 1923 Miss America Pageant |url=https://www.syracuse.com/vintage/2018/09/miss_syracuse_charms_at_the_1923_miss_america_pageant.html |website=Syracuse.com |date=September 8, 2018}}

|

|

Trenton

| Alma D. DeCone

|

|

25px Tulsa

| Constance Crosby{{Cite news |date=10 September 1923 |title=Miss Tulsa in Chair |language=en |pages=1 |work=The Tulsa Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tulsa-tribune-tulsa-constance-crosby/113546846/ |access-date=6 May 2023}}

|

|

Vineland

| Mary E. Edwards

|

|

Washington, D.C.

| Lorraine Bunch

|

|

File:Flag of West Virginia (1907-1929).png West Virginia

| Neva Jackson{{cite news |title=West Virginia's Best |newspaper=The Daily News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=33532&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjg4MjU4MjEsImlhdCI6MTU4NjY1MDIwMSwiZXhwIjoxNTg2NzM2NjAxfQ.YD71aKUA0b-9JGxDrgmMsgLjrdWD255BbaQo-Q7QaAc |location=Frederick, Maryland |date=September 6, 1923 |page=11 |via=Newspapers.com}}

|

|

Wildwoody

| Eleanor Addis

|

|

Wilmington

| Ruth Agnes Brady

|

|

References

{{reflist}}

=Secondary sources=

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite book | last=Saulino Osborne | first=Angela | title=Miss America The Dream Lives On | publisher=Taylor Publishing Company | year=1995 | isbn=0-87833-110-7 | chapter=Miss Americas and their Courts}}

{{refend}}