Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad

{{Infobox rail

| railroad_name = Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad

| logo_filename = MKT_Heralds.png

| logo_size = 200

|system_map = Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway system map (1918).svg

|map_caption = Katy system as of 1918; many of the outlying lines left the system in the 1923 reorganization

| gauge = {{track gauge|ussg|allk=on}}

| old_gauge =

| marks = MKT

| locale = Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas

| start_year = 1870

| end_year = 1988

| successor_line = Union Pacific Railroad

| hq_city = Dallas, Texas

}}

The Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad {{reporting mark|MKT}} was a Class I railroad company in the United States, with its last headquarters in Dallas, Texas. Established in 1865 under the name Union Pacific Railroad (UP), Southern Branch, it came to serve an extensive rail network in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri. In 1988, it merged with the Missouri Pacific Railroad; today, it is part of UP.

In the 1890s, the MKT was commonly referred to as "the K-T", because for a time it was the Kansas–Texas division of the Missouri Pacific Railroad and "KT" was its abbreviation in timetables as well as its stock exchange symbol. This soon evolved into the nickname "the Katy".{{cite web|url=https://www.parsonssun.com/news/article_20013414-44b4-11e7-a47b-0be26fb4de92.html|title=Banquet features 'Legend of Hell's Bend'|date=May 19, 2017|author=John Jared Hawks|publisher=Parsons Sun}}

The Katy was the first railroad to enter Texas from the north. Eventually, the Katy's core system linked Parsons, Emporia, Fort Scott, Junction City, Olathe, and Kansas City, Kansas; Kansas City, Joplin, Columbia, McKittrick, Jefferson City, and St. Louis, Missouri; Tulsa, Wagoner;Oklahoma Historica Society and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Dallas, Fort Worth, Waco, Temple, Austin, San Antonio, Houston, and Galveston, Texas. An additional mainline between Fort Worth and Salina, Kansas, was added in the 1980s after the collapse of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad; this line was operated as the Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad (OKKT). Former Rock Island trackage rights acquired by the Katy also gave it access to Lincoln and Omaha, Nebraska and Council Bluffs, Iowa.

At the end of 1970, MKT operated {{convert|2623|miles|km}} of road and {{convert|3765|miles|km}} of track.

History

= Formation and construction =

Image:Missouri-Kansas-Texas Advertisement 1881.jpg

Image:Missouri, Kansas and Texas RW 1904.jpg

The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway was incorporated in May 1870 in Junction City, Kansas. The company received government land grants to build a supply railroad connecting the frontier military posts of Fort Riley, Fort Gibson, and Fort Scott; and eventually Fort Worth, as well as establishing connections with other railroads that served Fort Leavenworth, Fort Wallace and Fort Smith — but its broader ambitions were to connect Chicago and New Orleans.{{cite web|url=http://www.katydepotsedalia.com/mktrailroad.htm|title=MKT Railroad - The Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad|publisher=Sedalia Katy Depot|access-date=May 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504090346/http://www.katydepotsedalia.com/mktrailroad.htm|archive-date=May 4, 2018|url-status=live}} Upon its incorporation, the MK&T acquired the Union Pacific Railway, Southern Branch (est. 1865) and its {{convert|182|mi|km|0}} of track in Kansas.Union Pacific Railway was, for a period of several years in the late 19th century, the official name of the unrelated Union Pacific Railroad, which later acquired MKT as part of the Missouri Pacific Railroad.

At the time of its incorporation, consolidations were also made with the Labette & Sedalia Railway Co. and the Neosho Valley & Holden Railway Co.; MK&T also acquired the Tebo and Neosho Railroad, the St. Louis & Santa Fe Railroad Co., and the Hannibal & Central Missouri Railroad Co. Combined with the UP Southern Branch, these small, newly built railroads formed the foundation on which the Katy built. [http://www.missouri-central.railfan.net/history1.html In the late 1890s, a subsidiary once called the Missouri-Kansas-Eastern railroad was established to run from existing MKT rails approaching Kansas City into St Louis via the Missouri River basin].

Congress had passed acts promising land grants to the first railroad to reach the Kansas border via the Neosho Valley. The Katy portion of the former UP Southern Branch, which had begun building from Fort Riley just north of Junction City, Kansas, was in a heated competition for the prize. On June 6, 1870, Katy workers laid the first rails across the Kansas border, winning the race. Congress' promised land grants were never made, as the courts overturned the grants because the land was in Indian Territory and was the property of the Indian tribes.

The Katy continued its push southward, laying track through the territory and reaching Texas in 1872, acquiring other small railroads while extending its reach to Dallas in 1886, Waco in 1888, Houston in April 1893, and to San Antonio in 1901.

File:Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad bridge over Red River.jpg

File:Sectional Map of Texas Traversed by the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway 1904 UTA.jpg

When the Katy railroad reached Houston, its joint ownership of the Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railroad gave it immediate access to the Port of Galveston and its ocean-going shipping on the Gulf of Mexico.

= Operations =

A Katy train was robbed by the Dalton Gang on July 14, 1892, at Adair, Oklahoma, in what was then Indian Territory.{{cite web|url= https://www.lasr.net/travel/city.php?Historic+Dalton+Gang+Robbery&TravelTo=OK0306001&VA=Y&Attraction_ID=OK0306001a002| title=Historic Dalton Gang Robbery| publisher=LSER.net| access-date=February 24, 2020}} The gang got away after a gun battle.

In 1896, as a publicity stunt set up by William Crush, the Katy crashed two locomotives head-on, pulling loaded trains, at a site that came to be known thereafter as Crush, Texas. The collision occurred before more than 40,000 spectators, three of whom died (and several were injured) by debris from the exploding boilers. Ragtime composer and pianist Scott Joplin, who was performing in the area at the time, commemorated the event in his piano piece, "The Great Crush Collision March" (which he dedicated to the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railway).Scott Joplin, "The Great Crush Collision March" sheet music (Temple, TX: John R. Fuller, 1896). See Bill Edwards, [http://www.perfessorbill.com/pbmidi15.shtml Rags and Pieces by Scott Joplin.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606111507/http://www.perfessorbill.com/pbmidi15.shtml |date=June 6, 2009 }}

{{Rail freight

|title=Revenue freight traffic, in millions of net ton-milesMKT of Texas is included, and BM&E in 1944 and later

|float=left

|1925|3317

|1933|1827

|1944|7256

|1960|3980

|1970|4999

}}

The Katy acquired the Beaver, Meade and Englewood Railroad in 1931."Faith in Oklahoma Reaps Rich Rewards," The Daily Oklahoman, March 7, 1931 This trackage, like the length between Altus and Forgan, was abandoned in January 1973.{{cite web |title=Brian Hart, "Joseph Alexander Kemp" |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fke14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404183544/https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fke14 |archive-date=April 4, 2019 |access-date=April 16, 2013 |publisher=tshaonline.org}}{{Cite book |last=Hofsommer |first=Donovan L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G64Y85Dd7GQC |title=Katy Northwest: The Story of a Branch Line Railroad |date=1976 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=0253336368 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=Donovan L. Hofsommer, "The Wichita Falls and Northwestern Railway" |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqw10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823210657/https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqw10 |archive-date=August 23, 2018 |access-date=April 21, 2013 |publisher=tshaonline.org}}

From 1915 until January 4, 1959, the Katy, in a joint venture with the St. Louis – San Francisco Railway (popularly known as the Frisco), operated the Texas Special from St. Louis to Dallas, Ft. Worth, and San Antonio. It sported rail cars with names including Sam Houston, Stephen F. Austin, David Crockett, and James Bowie after prominent men of the state.

The city of Parsons was at the crossroads of the mainlines to St. Louis, Kansas City, and south to Oklahoma, so it was chosen as the first heavy repair shop site. In 1905 the shops were expanded with a new machine shop 860 by 153 feet in size, blacksmith shop, and storehouse. The primary freight car repair shops were located in Sedalia, Missouri. After extending the mainline into Texas, shops were established at the new center of the system in Denison, Texas, however, these were downgraded when a new shop site was built at Waco, Texas. The Waco Shops were established in 1910 in a section called Bellmead and renamed as the Warden Shops during World War II. Upon transitioning to diesel power, the Warden Shops were closed and diesel maintenance work was concentrated mainly at Parsons.

= Merger and legacy =

File:Katy Switcher On Display In Parsons, KS.jpg, on display in Parsons, Kansas]]

On August 12, 1988, the Missouri Pacific Railroad (MoPac) and its owner, Union Pacific Corporation, purchased the Katy with approval from the Interstate Commerce Commission. The merging and restructuring of railroads during the 1980s had cost the Katy much overhead traffic, and it had been seeking a merger partner.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} On December 1, 1989, the Katy was merged into the MoPac, which is now part of the Union Pacific Railroad system.

In the "rails to trails" program, much of the Missouri track line has been adapted for use as the Katy Trail State Park, including a spur to Columbia, a Missouri State Park, which runs along the Missouri River for the major portion of its route. In downtown Dallas, a 3.5-mi-long section called the Katy Trail is being converted into a multiuse trail linking Southern Methodist University to the American Airlines Center.

In 1997, the segment linking Katy, Texas, to downtown Houston was abandoned, and stripped of rails soon after. The section between Katy and Interstate 610 was purchased by the Texas Department of Transportation in 1998 for the expansion of Katy Freeway. The line that went into Houston was purchased by the city's Parks and Recreation Department. In 2009, it was adapted and paved as the Heights Bike Trail.

In Tulsa, Oklahoma, the {{convert|8.1|miles|km}} Katy trail follows an old corridor of the railroad between the northwest edge of downtown Tulsa and its suburb of Sand Springs.{{cite web|url=https://www.traillink.com/trail/katy-trail-(tulsa)/|title=KATY Trail (Tulsa)|publisher=Rails to Trails Conservancy (US)|access-date=October 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001220633/https://www.traillink.com/trail/katy-trail-(tulsa)/|archive-date=October 1, 2019|url-status=live}}

As part of a new heritage program, in July 2005, Union Pacific unveiled a new EMD SD70ACe locomotive, Union Pacific 1988, painted in traditional MKT colors.

File:Katy Limited.JPG

File:Missouri Kansas Texas Katy Flyer 1911.JPG

=Passenger trains=

The Katy operated these named passenger trains:

(On its main line routes, trains originated in St. Louis or in Kansas City, linking in Parsons, KS, split in Denison, TX, with sections going via either through Dallas or Fort Worth, linking again in Waco, then heading south to either San Antonio or Houston.){{cite journal |title=Missouri-Kansas-Texas Lines, Condensed Time-Tables, Tables 1, 2, 3, 4 |journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=86 |issue=7 |date=December 1953}}

Train numbers 1 and 2: The Texas Special:
St. Louis, Missouri - San Antonio, Texas (March 4, 1917 – 1959) jointly with the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway), then
Kansas City-San Antonio (1959-July 26, 1964), then
Kansas City-Dallas (July 27, 1964 to June 30, 1965)
Train numbers 3 and 4: Katy Limited
Kansas City-Dallas, with sections to Oklahoma City, Fort Worth and San Antonio{{cite journal |title=Missouri-Kansas-Texas Lines, Condensed Time-Tables, Tables 2, 4 |journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=78 |issue=12 |date=May 1946}}
Train numbers 5 and 6: Katy Flyer
St. Louis and Kansas City originating trains, south to San Antonio
Train numbers 7 and 8: Bluebonnet
Kansas City to San Antonio via Dallas, and Kansas City to Houston via Fort Worth
Train numbers 23 and 28: Sooner
Kansas City - Oklahoma City{{cite journal |title=Missouri-Kansas-Texas Lines, Condensed Time-Tables, Table 12 |journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=78 |issue=12 |date=May 1946}}

Image:Missouri Kansas Texas Katy Herald.png

File:Wichita Falls Railroad Museum October 2015 01 (Missouri–Kansas–Texas EMD NW2 No. 1029).jpg No. 1029 at the Wichita Falls Railroad Museum]]

Company officers

Presidents of the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad:

Judge Levi Parsons, prior to 1878
C.Clark, 1879
Jay Gould, 1880
George J. Gould, 1886–1887
Henry C. Rouse, –1904
Frederick N. Finney, 1904–1906
Adrian H. Joline 1906–
Charles E. Schaff, 1912–1926
Charles N. Whitehead, 1926
Columbus Haile, 1927–1930{{cite magazine| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,740607,00.html| magazine=Time| title=Personnel| date=October 20, 1930| access-date=October 25, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930094517/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,740607,00.html| archive-date=September 30, 2007| url-status=dead}}
Michael H. Cahill, 1930–1934
Matthew S. Sloan, 1934–1945
Donald V. Fraser, 1945–1956
William N. Deramus III, 1957–1961
Charles T. Williams, 1961–1965
John W. Barriger III, 1965–1970
Reginald N. Whitman, 1970–1975{{cite journal| journal=Railway Age| date=July 13, 1970| volume=169| issue=1| page=12| title=Whitman takes over as Katy president }}
Harold L. Gastler, 1975-1988

References

= Bibliography =

Katy Railroad Historical Society, [http://www.katyrailroad.org/faq.htm M-K-T / Katy Frequently Asked Questions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614113852/http://www.katyrailroad.org/faq.htm |date=June 14, 2007 }}. Retrieved February 22, 2005.
Museum of the American Railroad, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811054113/http://ageofsteam.org/dallashistory.html A Brief History of Railroads in Dallas]. Retrieved January 20, 2008.
Katy Railroad Historical Society, [http://www.katyrailroad.org/pass.htm Katy Railroad Passenger Service] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913010028/http://www.katyrailroad.org/pass.htm |date=September 13, 2010 }}. Retrieved January 20, 2008.
{{cite book |title=A Report Upon the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway System |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XY8pAAAAYAAJ |last=Kendrick |first=John William |year=1917 |location=Chicago |access-date=October 25, 2013}}
"The Opening of the Great Southwest: A Brief History of the Origin and Development of the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad Better Known as The Katy" - Published: May 1970 by the M-K-T R.R. Co.
{{cite book| title=Miss Katy in the Lone Star State| author=Goen, Steve Allen| year=2006}}
{{cite book| title=The Katy Railroad and the Last Frontier| author=Masterson, V. V.| year=1952}}
{{cite book| title=The Back Shop Illustrated, Volume 3: Southeast and Western Regions| author=Starr, Timothy| year=2024| publisher=Privately printed}}

External links

[http://www.katyrailroad.org/ Katy Railroad Historical Society]
[http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-2440 Map of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway], published 1877, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
[http://www.missouri-central.railfan.net/mkt.html The "M" in the MKT] - A detailed history of the MKT in Missouri.
[http://www.edisaurus.com/rr/mkt_roster.htm MKT locomotive roster] at edisaurus.com.
[http://www.rr-fallenflags.org/mkt/katy.html FallenFlags.org's Katy page] with links to hundreds of photos of MKT locomotives and a humorous story about a Conrail locomotive leased by the Katy.
[https://web.archive.org/web/20150408050702/http://www.texasrrmuseum.org/roster/1205.html Texas Special car restoration] at the Houston Railroad Museum.
[https://archive.today/20130113020902/http://tacnet.missouri.org/history/railroads/dfpp_mkt.html Construction and Mergers that Formed M-K-T]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20121024013411/http://www.library.okstate.edu/okmaps/ Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory]
[https://s3.glo.texas.gov/glo/history/archives/map-store/#item/93981 MKT (Missouri Kansas Texas) Katy Railroad Time Tables], published in 1946, hosted by Texas General Land Office