Mitapivat

{{Short description|Chemical compound}}

{{Use American English|date=February 2022}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}

{{Infobox drug

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| image = Mitapivat skeletal.svg

| image_class = skin-invert-image

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| USAN = Mitapivat sulfate

| pronounce =

| tradename = Pyrukynd

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| DailyMedID = Mitapivat

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| routes_of_administration = By mouth

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| ATCvet =

| ATC_prefix = B06

| ATC_suffix = AX04

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| legal_US = Rx-only

| legal_US_comment = {{cite web | title=Pyrukynd- mitapivat tablet, film coated Pyrukynd- mitapivat kit | website=DailyMed | date=23 February 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4ccee896-e313-4c6c-9674-b4746ada0a90 | access-date=3 March 2022 | archive-date=3 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303154400/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4ccee896-e313-4c6c-9674-b4746ada0a90 | url-status=live }}

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| index2_label = as salt

| CAS_number = 1260075-17-9

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| PubChem = 59634741

| IUPHAR_ligand = 10473

| DrugBank = DB16236

| DrugBank2 = DBSALT003215

| ChemSpiderID = 29763395

| UNII = 2WTV10SIKH

| UNII2 = N4JTA67V3O

| KEGG =

| KEGG2 = D11408

| ChEBI =

| ChEMBL = 4299940

| ChEMBL2 = 4297223

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| synonyms = AG-348

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| C = 24 | H = 26 | N = 4 | O = 3 | S = 1

| SMILES = O=C(N1CCN(CC2CC2)CC1)C1=CC=C(NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=CC3=C2N=CC=C3)C=C1

| StdInChI = 1S/C24H26N4O3S/c29-24(28-15-13-27(14-16-28)17-18-6-7-18)20-8-10-21(11-9-20)26-32(30,31)22-5-1-3-19-4-2-12-25-23(19)22/h1-5,8-12,18,26H,6-7,13-17H2

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| StdInChIKey = XAYGBKHKBBXDAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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Mitapivat, sold under the brand name Pyrukynd, is a medication used to treat hemolytic anemia. It is taken as the sulfate hydrate salt by mouth. Mitapivat is a pyruvate kinase activator.

The most common side effects include decreases in estrone and estradiol (types of the estrogen hormone) in men, increased urate (a type of salt in the body), back pain, and joint stiffness.

Mitapivat was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2022,{{cite web | title=Drug Trials Snapshot: Pyrukynd | website=U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | date=1 June 2023 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/drug-trials-snapshot-pyrukynd | access-date=1 June 2023}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} {{PD-notice}}{{cite press release | title=Agios Announces FDA Approval of Pyrukynd (mitapivat) as First Disease-Modifying Therapy for Hemolytic Anemia in Adults with Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency | publisher=Agios Pharmaceuticals | via=GlobeNewswire | date=17 February 2022 | url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/02/17/2387542/31990/en/Agios-Announces-FDA-Approval-of-PYRUKYND-mitapivat-as-First-Disease-Modifying-Therapy-for-Hemolytic-Anemia-in-Adults-with-Pyruvate-Kinase-Deficiency.html | access-date=19 February 2022 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220000640/https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/02/17/2387542/31990/en/Agios-Announces-FDA-Approval-of-PYRUKYND-mitapivat-as-First-Disease-Modifying-Therapy-for-Hemolytic-Anemia-in-Adults-with-Pyruvate-Kinase-Deficiency.html | url-status=live }}{{cite letter | vauthors = Gormley N | work = Center for Drug Evaluation and Research | publisher = U.S. Food and Drug Administration |subject = Pyrukynd (mitapivat) tablets NDA approval | recipient = Christina Baladi (Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) | url = https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2022/216196Orig1s000ltr.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220220002649/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2022/216196Orig1s000ltr.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 20 February 2022 }} and in the European Union in November 2022. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.{{cite web | title=Advancing Health Through Innovation: New Drug Therapy Approvals 2022 | website=U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | date=10 January 2023 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/new-drugs-fda-cders-new-molecular-entities-and-new-therapeutic-biological-products/new-drug-therapy-approvals-2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110192023/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/new-drugs-fda-cders-new-molecular-entities-and-new-therapeutic-biological-products/new-drug-therapy-approvals-2022 | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 January 2023 | access-date=22 January 2023}} {{PD-notice}}{{cite report | title=New Drug Therapy Approvals 2022 | website=U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | date=January 2024 | url=https://www.fda.gov/media/164429/download | format=PDF | access-date=14 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114065648/https://www.fda.gov/media/164429/download | archive-date=14 January 2024 | url-status=dead }} {{PD-notice}}

Medical uses

Mitapivat is indicated for the treatment of hemolytic anemia in adults with pyruvate kinase deficiency.

Pharmacology

= Mechanism of action =

Mitapivat binds to and activates pyruvate kinase, thereby enhancing glycolytic pathway activity, improving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and reducing 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels. Mutations in pyruvate kinase cause deficiency in pyruvate kinase which prevents adequate red blood cell (RBC) glycolysis, leading to a buildup of the upstream glycolytic intermediate 2,3-DPG and deficiency in the pyruvate kinase product ATP.{{cite web | title=Mitapivat (Code C157039) | website=NCI Thesaurus | date=31 January 2022 | url=https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Thesaurus&code=C157039 | access-date=19 February 2022 | archive-date=20 February 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220004448/https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Thesaurus&code=C157039 | url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}{{cite web | title = PK-R allosteric activator AG-348 | work = NCI Drug Dictionary | publisher = National Cancer Institute | url = https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug | access-date = 19 February 2022 | archive-date = 10 August 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190810012312/https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug | url-status = live }} {{PD-notice}}

History

The FDA approved mitapivat based on evidence from two clinical trials of 107 participants with pyruvate kinase deficiency. Trial 1 (NCT03548220) of 80 adults with pyruvate kinase deficiency who did not receive regular blood transfusions and trial 2 (NCT03559699) of 27 adults with pyruvate kinase deficiency who received regular blood transfusions. In trial 1, participants were randomly assigned to receive either mitapivat or a matched placebo tablet for an average duration of about 24 weeks. Neither the participants nor the healthcare providers knew which treatment was being given during the trial. Trial 1 was conducted at 36 sites in the following countries: Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States. In Trial 2, all participants received mitapivat for an average duration of about 40 weeks. Trial 2 was conducted at 17 sites in the following countries: Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Thailand, United Kingdom, and the United States.

Society and culture

= Legal status =

On 15 September 2022, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Pyrukynd, intended for the treatment of an inherited condition called pyruvate kinase deficiency. The applicant for this medicinal product is Agios Netherlands B.V.{{cite web | title=Pyrukynd: Pending EC decision | website=European Medicines Agency (EMA) | date=15 September 2022 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/summaries-opinion/pyrukynd | access-date=18 September 2022 | archive-date=19 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919055217/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/summaries-opinion/pyrukynd | url-status=live }} Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. Mitapivat was approved for medical use in the European Union in November 2022.{{cite web | title=Pyrukynd EPAR | website=European Medicines Agency (EMA) | date=14 September 2022 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/pyrukynd | access-date=5 December 2022}} Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.{{cite web | title=Pyrukynd Product information | website=Union Register of medicinal products | url=https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/h1662.htm | access-date=3 March 2023}}

= Names =

Mitapivat is the international nonproprietary name (INN).{{cite journal | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances (INN): recommended INN: list 78 | journal = WHO Drug Information | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | year = 2017 | hdl = 10665/330961 | hdl-access = free | author-link = World Health Organization | page=539 }}

References

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Further reading

  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Kung C, Hixon J, Kosinski PA, Cianchetta G, Histen G, Chen Y, Hill C, Gross S, Si Y, Johnson K, DeLaBarre B, Luo Z, Gu Z, Yao G, Tang H, Fang C, Xu Y, Lv X, Biller S, Su SM, Yang H, Popovici-Muller J, Salituro F, Silverman L, Dang L | display-authors = 6 | title = AG-348 enhances pyruvate kinase activity in red blood cells from patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency | journal = Blood | volume = 130 | issue = 11 | pages = 1347–1356 | date = September 2017 | pmid = 28760888 | pmc = 5609468 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2016-11-753525 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Rab MA, Van Oirschot BA, Kosinski PA, Hixon J, Johnson K, Chubukov V, Dang L, Pasterkamp G, Van Straaten S, Van Solinge WW, Van Beers EJ, Kung C, Van Wijk R | display-authors = 6 | title = AG-348 (Mitapivat), an allosteric activator of red blood cell pyruvate kinase, increases enzymatic activity, protein stability, and ATP levels over a broad range of PKLR genotypes | journal = Haematologica | volume = 106 | issue = 1 | pages = 238–249 | date = January 2021 | pmid = 31974203 | pmc = 7776327 | doi = 10.3324/haematol.2019.238865 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}