Mo Li Hua

{{Listen image|type=music

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| main_image_caption =Older lyrics to "Mo Li Hua". From a Japanese music book, Gekkin Gakufu (月琴楽譜) (1877){{efn|1=The song has been mistakenly titled as 魔力紅, which is pronounced similarly.}}

| main_image_alt =Score in the printed book

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| title =MIDI file based on this Japanese version

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File:Jasmine barrow.svg

The song has been generally cited to originate during the Qianlong era (1735–1796) of the Qing dynasty, though ethnomusicologist Frederick Lau has noted that "we now know that the earliest "Molihua" lyrics appeared during the Ming dynasty Wanli period (1563–1620)." There are several regional versions of the song,{{cite book|author1=Yayoi Uno Everett|author2=Frederick Lau|title=Locating East Asia in Western art music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UHoTT9Yhim0C&pg=PA276|access-date=17 March 2011|year=2004|publisher=Wesleyan University Press|isbn=978-0-8195-6662-1|pages=276–}}{{rp|84–}} with different lyrics and melody.{{cite book|author1=Hong Zhang|author2=Zu-yan Chen|author3=Robert Daly|title=Chinese Through Song|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wvUL41OcjJcC&pg=PA47|access-date=17 March 2011|date=January 2001|publisher=Global Academic Publishing|isbn=978-1-58684-122-5}}{{rp|46–}} One version of the song describes a custom of giving jasmine flowers, popular in the southern Yangtze delta region of China. Another, longer version describes the fear of plucking the flower.{{rp|46–}}{{rp|81–82}} Through these variations, the song has also been called "Xian Hua Diao" ("Fresh Flower Melody") and in northern China, the song is sometimes called "La Mei Hua" ("Waxed Plum Blossom") or "Yu Mei Hua" ("Jade Plum Blossom"). The song descends from the "xiǎoqǔ/xiǎodiào" genre, which have the characteristics of being "usually multistanza in form and with uniform phrase structures and equal numbers of words." It has been played on ancient metal bells (bianzhong) and modern jade chimes. It uses the five note (pentatonic) scale ubiquitous in Chinese music. The tune is one of xiaodiao ("short tunes"), popular in Chinese urban areas.{{cite book|author=Alan Robert Thrasher|title=Sizhu instrumental music of South China: ethos, theory and practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_4G1JwZdl_MC&pg=PA116|access-date=17 March 2011|year=2008|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-16500-7|pages=116–}}

British diplomat John Barrow, assistant attaché to George Macartney during the Macartney diplomatic mission to the imperial court of Qianlong, was the first to copy the tune into western notation, in 1793. When he published it in Europe in 1804, he noted that the tune seemed to be one of the most popular songs in China.{{rp|84–}} His publication gave the song a "grand entrance on the world stage" and "widespread international popularity", according to ethnomusicology scholar Frederick Lau.

The song was one of the first Chinese folk songs to become widely known outside China.{{cite book|author=Jie Jin|title=Chinese Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9MI6JHKw9BQC&pg=PA81|access-date=17 March 2011|date=31 March 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-18691-9}}{{rp|81–82}} Beginning in 1896, the song was sometimes used as a temporary national anthem by the Qing Chinese officials in Europe before the adoption of "Cup of Solid Gold" as the official national anthem of the Qing state in 1911. The song was also analyzed in the unfinished three volume work of the 19th century Austrian-Czech music historian August Wilhelm Ambros, "History of Music," who remarks on the musical leaps within the melody.{{Cite book |last1=Janz |first1=Tobias |title=Decentering musical modernity: perspectives on East Asian and European music history |last2=Yang |first2=Chien-Chang |date=2019 |publisher=Transcript |isbn=978-3-8376-4649-8 |series=Music and Sound Culture = Musik und Klangkultur |location=Bielefeld}} As such, the melody had already become well known among Western listeners when it was used by Giacomo Puccini in his opera Turandot (1926), boy choir air "Là, sui monti dell'est", where it is associated with 'Turandot's splendor'.{{cite book|last1=Ashbrook |first1=William |author1-link=William Ashbrook |last2=Powers |first2=Harold |author2-link=Harold Powers |title=Puccini's Turandot: The End of the Great Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srFzafqtePIC&pg=PA90|access-date=17 March 2011|year=1991|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-02712-8|page=90}}{{cite book|author=Burton D. Fisher|title=Opera Classics Library Puccini Companion: The Glorious Dozen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-U4gjAN1VUC&pg=PA696|access-date=17 March 2011|date=1 June 2004|publisher=Opera Journeys Publishing|isbn=978-1-930841-62-8|pages=696–}}

In 1982 the song found a place on a UNESCO list of recommended songs.{{rp|84–}} When China regained sovereignty of Macau and Hong Kong, in 1999 and 1997, respectively, this music was played in the ceremonies. The song was said to be a favorite of the former CCP general secretary, Jiang Zemin (it was at his request that the song was played during the transfer ceremony in Hong Kong).{{cite news|author=Ian Johnson|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/24/world/asia/24china.html|title=Calls for a 'Jasmine Revolution' in China Persist"|work=The New York Times|date=23 February 2011|quote=The authorities might have a hard time eradicating the word completely. Jasmine is also the name of a popular Chinese folk song. It was supposedly the favorite of China’s previous paramount leader, Jiang Zemin, who asked it to be played at the 1997 transfer of Hong Kong, the former British colony, to China. In addition, videos exist of China’s current leader, Hu Jintao singing the song while on a trip in Africa. Some of these videos were posted on social networking sites, forcing censors to have to decide if they should take down videos of senior leaders that could be explained as an expression of patriotism. “The real story is the indirect ways that Chinese citizens can use music and historical meaning to make this incredibly subversive statement, to take a most popular folk song and post it,” said Sharon Hom, executive director of New York-based Human Rights in China. “The point is there is an information crack and it is growing.”}} The tune was played during Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) meetings,{{cite book|author=Robert Lawrence Kuhn|title=How China's leaders think: the inside story of China's reform and what this means for the future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BOf_WWTKZpMC&pg=PA339|access-date=17 March 2011|date=14 July 2009|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=978-0-470-82445-0|pages=339–}} and was widely used as hold music by provincial government offices.{{cite news |last1=Jacobs |first1=Andrew |last2=Ansfield |first2=Jonathan |last3=Li |first3=Mia |title=Catching Scent of Revolution, China Moves to Snip Jasmine |url=https://www.researchhistory.org/2011/05/11/catching-scent-of-revolution-china-moves-to-snip-jasmine/ |access-date=20 October 2024 |work=Research History |date=11 May 2011}}, also at [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/11/world/asia/11jasmine.html The New York Times]

During the 2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests, many protesters reposted videos of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials singing "Mo Li Hua", and suggested playing it on cell phones as a form of antigovernment protest.{{Cite news |first=Will |last=Clem |title=The flowering of an unconventional revolution |date=3 March 2011 |work=South China Morning Post|location=Hong Kong |url=http://topics.scmp.com/news/china-news-watch/article/The-flowering-of-an-unconventional-revolution |access-date=3 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305133754/http://topics.scmp.com/news/china-news-watch/article/The-flowering-of-an-unconventional-revolution |archive-date=5 March 2011 |url-status=dead|quote=They predicted the movement would gather momentum, allowing activists to adopt open protests during the second phase, including "holding a jasmine flower and [using] mobile phones or music players to play [the folk song] Such a Beautiful Jasmine".}} The song was placed on authorities' list of online censored materials. Videos of the song, including at least one from an official event (a 2006 Kenyan students' welcome for CCP general secretary Hu Jintao, in which he sings the song and explains its importance), were removed from Chinese websites, and searches for the song's name were blocked. The censorship attracted widespread media attention and was difficult because of the popularity of the song and its association with Chinese culture and history.{{cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/scocca/2011/02/23/kenny_g_and_hu_jintao_make_protest_music_tunisia_s_choice_of_revolutionary_symbols_confounds_chinese_censors_video.html|title=Kenny G and Hu Jintao Make Protest Music: Tunisia's Choice of Revolutionary Symbols Confounds Chinese Censors|work=Slate|quote=the country’s Internet censors have run into a problem: the name of the movement born in Tunisia, the Jasmine Revolution, overlaps with the traditional and ubiquitous folk song ” Mo Li Hua ,” or “Jasmine Flower.” This is making it unusually difficult for the authorities to block searches and postings involving sensitive keywords}} Physical jasmine flowers were also restricted.{{cite news |title=China tries to stamp out 'Jasmine Revolution' |url=https://apnews.com/article/technology-africa-china-beijing-shanghai-9dc2ee95692745a0afb29a14c18ace30 |access-date=19 December 2024 |work=AP News |agency=AP |date=21 February 2011 |language=en}} At least one new version of the song has been developed by the activists as a response, with lyrics translating in part as "You can’t find jasmine flowers in China/If you have one in your hand, Public Security will arrest you".{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnH7LiWCevc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110306080006/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnH7LiWCevc|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 March 2011|title=Muo Li Hua – The Jasmine Flower|website = YouTube|date=6 March 2011}}

File:Tunisia jasmine.jpg

File:HK WC Wan Chai 灣仔道 Wan Chai Road shop flowers white 茉莉花 July 2022 Px3 02.jpg

File:Jasminum sambac04.jpg

There are several versions of the song, with different lyrics and melody.

One of the popular versions lyrics goes:

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好一朵美麗的茉莉花

好一朵美麗的茉莉花

芬芳美麗滿枝椏

又香又白人人誇

讓我來將你摘下

送給別人家

茉莉花呀茉莉花

好一朵美丽的茉莉花

好一朵美丽的茉莉花

芬芳美丽满枝桠

又香又白人人夸

让我来将你摘下

送给别人家{{efn|name=some|group=upper-alpha|1=In some cases, biérén (别人)
is replaced with qíngláng (情郎),
meaning "male lover" (boyfriend)}}

茉莉花呀茉莉花

Hǎo yī duǒ měilì de mòlihuā

Hǎo yī duǒ měilì de mòlihuā

Fēn fāng měilì mǎn zhī yā

Yòu xiāng yòu bái rén rén kuā

Ràng wǒ lái jiāng nǐ zhāi xià

Sòng gěi biérén jiā{{efn|name=some|group=upper-alpha}}

Mòlihuā ya mòlihuā

{{notelist|group=upper-alpha}}

{{col-2}}

What a pretty Jasmine flower,

What a pretty Jasmine flower,

Nice to see and nice to smell!

Praiseworthy scent, and white as well!

You are what I'd like to pluck

– Giving other people (luck).

Oh so pretty, Jasmine Flower!

Flower of jasmine, so fair!

Flower of jasmine, so fair!

Budding and blooming here and there,

Pure and fragrant all do declare.

Let me pick you with tender care,

Sweetness for all to share.

Jasmine fair, oh Jasmine fair.

What a Jasmine Brimming with Beauty{{cite web|url=http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49f5af590102xglq.html|title=歌曲英译- 好一朵美丽的茉莉花_新浪博客|publisher=Sina Corp}}

What a jasmine brimming with beauty!

What a jasmine brimming with beauty!

Aromas round twigs dance glee.

It's sweet 'n white, all praise highly.

Please allow me to pick thee,

as a gift ne'er twee.

Jasmine thee, yeah, Jasmine thee.

Hǎo yī duǒ měi lì de mò li huā

Hǎo yī duǒ měi lì de mò li huā

Fragrant flowers filled the air,

Beautiful blossoms everywhere

Choose a blossom white and pure

Give to the one that you adore

Mò li huā, yā, mò li huā.

{{col end}}

Another popular versions' lyrics, with three strophes:{{rp|46–}}

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好一朵茉莉花,

滿園花開香也香不過她,

我有心采一朵戴

又怕看花的人兒罵.

好一朵茉莉花,

茉莉花開雪也白不過她,

我有心采一朵戴,

又怕旁人笑話.

好一朵茉莉花,

滿園花開比也比不過她,

我有心采一朵戴,

又怕來年不發芽.

好一朵茉莉花,

好一朵茉莉花,

满园花开香也香不过它,

我有心采一朵戴

又怕看花的人儿要将我骂.

好一朵茉莉花,

好一朵茉莉花,

茉莉花开雪也白不过它,

我有心采一朵戴,

又怕旁人笑话.

好一朵茉莉花,

好一朵茉莉花,

满园花开比也比不过它,

我有心采一朵戴,

又怕来年不发芽.

{{col-2}}

Hǎo yī duo mòlìhuā,

Mǎn yuán huā kāi xiāng yě xiāng bùguò tā,

Wǒ yǒuxīn cǎi yī duo dài

Yòu pà kàn huā de rén er mà.

Hǎo yī duo mòlìhuā,

Mòlìhuā kāi xuě yě bái bu guò tā,

Wǒ yǒuxīn cǎi yī duo dài,

Yòu pà pángrén xiàohuà.

Hǎo yī duo mòlìhuā,

Mǎn yuán huā kāi bǐ yě bǐ bùguò tā,

Wǒ yǒuxīn cǎi yī duo dài,

Yòu pà láinián bù fāyá.

What a jasmine flower!

Of all the fragrant flowers and grasses in the garden,

there is none as fragrant as it.

I want to pluck one and wear it,

but the gardener would scold me.

What a jasmine flower!

When jasmine blooms.

not even snow is whiter.

I want to pluck one and wear it

But I'm afraid those around me would mock me.

What a jasmine flower!

Of all the blooms in the garden,

none compares to it.

I want to pluck one and wear it

But I'm afraid it wouldn't bud next year.

{{col end}}

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好 一 朵 美 丽 的 茉 莉 花

芬 芳 美 丽 满 枝 桠

又 香 又 白 人 人 夸

让 我 来 将 你 摘 下

送 给 别 人 家

茉 莉 花 呀 茉 莉 花

}

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hǎo yī duǒ měi lì de mò li huā

fēn fāng měi lì mǎn zhī yā

yòu xiāng yòu bái rén rén kuā

ràng wǒ lái jiāng nǐ zhāi xià

sòng gěi bié rén jiā

mò li huā ya mò li huā

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The 19th century Russian composer Anton Arensky arranged the tune in the 1890s in one of his character pieces, Étude sur un thème chinois, Op. 25, No. 3.{{cite web |date=25 August 2019 |title="Flower of Jasmine, so fair!" |url=https://interlude.hk/flower-jasmine-fair/ |access-date=20 October 2024}}

{{Listen image|type=music

| main_image =MaiNessun.jpg

| main_image_caption =The fairy-tale Chinese princess' leitmotif in Giacomo Puccini's 1926 opera Turandot, based on the "Mo Li Hua" melody

| main_image_alt =Score of part of "In questa reggia"; lyrics: "No, no! Mai nessun... di tanta purità!"

| filename =Mira de Simone-Puccini Turandot-In questa reggia.ogg

| title =Part of the aria "In questa reggia" from Turandot, part of which is shown in the score

| description =

}}

File:Turandot (Met).jpg, New York]]

Puccini began working on his (ultimately incomplete and final opera piece) Turandot in March 1920 after meeting with librettists Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni. In his impatience, he began composition in January 1921, before Adami and Simoni had produced the text for the libretto.{{sfn|Ashbrook|Powers|1991|p=65}} As with Madama Butterfly, Puccini strove for a semblance of authenticity by using music from the region, even commissioning a set of thirteen custom-made gongs.[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/09/arts/music/09vanhyning.html "Howard Van Hyning, Percussionist and Gong Enthusiast, Dies at 74"] by Margalit Fox, The New York Times, 8 November 2010. Accessed 9 November 2010.

Music historians have subsequently traced Puccini's fascination with Chinese music that led to the usage of the folk song as "thanks to a music box, coming from a former Italian diplomat who had served in China, which he received as a gift," who was likely the Baron Edoardo Fassini-Camoss. Three of the four melodies within this music box was incorporated by Puccini into his opera, the most memorable of which was the folk melody "Mo Li Hua."{{cite book |author=Christian Utz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KXEjEAAAQBAJ&dq=Fassini+Camossi+turandot&pg=PA198 |title=Musical Composition in the Context of Globalization |date=2021 |publisher=transcript Verlag |isbn=9783839450956}}{{cite news|first=W. Anthony|last=Sheppard |date=17 June 2012 |title=Music Box as Muse to Puccini's Butterfly|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/17/arts/music/puccini-opera-echoes-a-music-box-at-the-morris-museum.html|newspaper=The New York Times}} W. Anthony Sheppard, Marylin and Arthur Levitt Professor of Music at Williams College has traced this music box to have been likely the source of the Turandot leitmotif. Sheppard notes that the accompanying music sheets for this music box version which Puccini would have referenced also had mistakenly titled the name of the song as "Sinfa" (fresh flowers). Mo Li Hua serves as a leitmotif for Princess Turandot's splendor.{{harvnb|Ashbrook|Powers|1991}} In total, eight of the themes from Turandot appear to be based on traditional Chinese music and anthems.{{sfn|Ashbrook|Powers|1991|loc=Chapter 4}}

Turandot is set in Imperial China; the tune servs as the leitmotif for the titular fairy-tale Chinese princess.{{Cite book |last1=Leone |first1=Massimo |title=The waterfall and the fountain: comparative semiotic essays on contemporary arts in China |last2=Surace |first2=Bruno |last3=Zeng |first3=Jun |date=2019 |publisher=Aracne editrice |isbn=978-88-255-2787-2 |edition=1st |series=I saggi di Lexia |location=Canterano (RM)}}

Puccini's Turandot rendition of "Mo Li Hua" has gained its own compositional popularity. The Chinese-American composer Tan Dun's Symphony 1997, which commemorated the handover of Hong Kong, uses a setting inspired by Puccini's. His 1990 Nine Songs: Water Spirit performance, where "Mo Li Hua" was referenced, has also been argued by composer Christian Utz to be an evolution upon Puccini's quotated version rather than having drawn from the original folk tune itself.

The song is said to have been a favourite of former paramount leader Jiang Zemin (CCP general secretary, 1989-2002), and was used in the 1997 Hong Kong handover ceremony at his request.

At the closing ceremonies of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, {{transl|zh|Mo Li Hua}} was sung, partially unaccompanied by a young Chinese girl, and partially accompanied by the music by a Peking University students (whose version has been described as infused with a techno beat), to introduce the next Olympic Games site.{{cite web|last=Chen|first=Qian|url=http://olympics.shanghaidaily.com/news_story.asp?ncId=1&id=72|title='Jasmine Flower' chosen for medal ceremony music|access-date=18 November 2008|work=Shanghai Daily|date=21 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716052920/http://olympics.shanghaidaily.com/news_story.asp?ncId=1&id=72|archive-date=16 July 2011}}{{cite book|author=Monroe Edwin Price|title=Owning the Olympics: narratives of the new China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KxzN44_s8PoC&pg=PA202|access-date=17 March 2011|date=28 February 2008|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-05032-1|pages=202–}}{{Cite book |last=Bohlman |first=Philip Vilas |title=The Cambridge history of world music |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-86848-8 |location=New York}} An adaptation of the melody by Tan Dun and Wang Hesheng, chosen from more than 4,000 pieces, was played during the medal ceremonies at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games as the introductory motif of the victory theme.{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/olympics/2008-08/06/content_6907444.htm|title=Classical piece will ring in ears of winners|website=China Daily}}

It{{which|reason=The adaptation or the traditional melody?|date=May 2012}} was also performed at the 2010 Shanghai Expo opening ceremony by an orchestra with the pianist Lang Lang.{{Fact|date=December 2024}}

It was played at the ceremony awarding the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize to Liu Xiaobo.{{cite AV media|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2010/award-video/ |website=NobelPrize.org |access-date=20 December 2024|date=10 December 2010|time=48:15}} (recording of full piece)

{{Transl|zh|Mo Li Hua}} appeared in a 1937 Hollywood movie The Good Earth (based on a novel by Pearl S. Buck).{{cite book|author=Peter M. Chang|title=Chou Wen-Chung: the life and work of a contemporary Chinese-born American composer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n2cazQcTvBsC&pg=PA51|access-date=17 March 2011|date=28 February 2006|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-5296-9}}{{rp|51–}} During World War II, some Hollywood films used the "Mo Li Hua" tune to represent the Chinese.

The tune, without lyrics, was also used as a musical theme in Avatar: The Last Airbender, a 2005–2008 television series.{{Cite episode |title=City of Walls and Secrets |episode-link= |url= |access-date= |series=Avatar: The Last Airbender |series-link= |first= |last= |network=Nickelodeon |station= |date=September 22, 2006 |season=: Book Two: Earth (2006) |series-no= |number= |minutes= |time= |via= |language=en}}{{failed verification|date=December 2024|reason=This is an entirely circular reference, adding no non-wiki source.}}

The song has been adapted by many artists around the world, for example by Kenny G.{{rp|84–}} The YouTube comments for his performance later became an outlet for Chinese protesters to express support for democracy.

In 2009, Russian singer Vitas, during the Chinese premiere of his program Sleepless Night, at least has also performed "Mo Li Hua" (never included in digital download until then).[http://vitas.com.ru/pressa_eng.php Vitas' official site]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522105547/http://vitas.com.ru/pressa_eng.php |date=22 May 2011 }}

In 2013, the international Canadian-origin superstar Celine Dion performed the song in Mandarin on the Chinese CCTV-1 as part of its CMG New Year's Gala show welcoming in the 2013 Spring Festival/Chinese New Year. She sang in a duet with Chinese soprano and 2006 Grammy Award nominee classical/folk singer Song Zuying.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-21401187/celine-dion-sings-in-mandarin-for-state-tv-s-new-year-gala-show|title=Celine Dion's Chinese New Year song|work=BBC News}}{{Cite web |title=Song Zu Ying {{!}} Artist |url=https://grammy.com/artists/song-zu-ying/7105 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=GRAMMY.com}}

Since 2018, Kazakh singer Dimash Qudaibergen has performed this song in Mandarin on four occasions, three years in a row, during New Year and Chinese New Year celebration galas on various TV stations{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69RSkKu7MOs|title = Dimash – Jasmine (茉莉花) the Sing New Era CCTV3|website = YouTube| date=2 January 2019 }} including a duet with the first Chinese Vocaloid dubbed "Luo Tianyi" as vocalist on 23 January 2020.{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hvXeLsP1J70|title = Dimash and Luo Tianyi (洛天依) – Jasmine|website = YouTube| date=25 January 2020 }}{{cite web |date=2012-07-25 |title=VOCALOID史上初 中国語の歌声ライブラリ『VOCALOID3 Library 洛天依』を 中国及び台湾で販売開始 {{pipe}} ビープラッツ – サブスクリプションをすべてのビジネスに。月額・継続課金の総合プラットフォームなら、ビープラッツ。 |url=https://www.bplats.co.jp/news/2012/07/tianyi-4/ |publisher=bplats}}{{Cite web |last=Zhang |first=Jane |date=2019-03-02 |title=Virtual idols leave everything to their fans' imagination |url=https://www.scmp.com/tech/article/2188238/chinas-virtual-idols-meet-their-fans-intersection-entertainment-and-technology |access-date=2019-04-03 |website=South China Morning Post}}

In 2018, the song was heard in the beginning of music video of Glukoza and Leningrad's song "Zhu-Zhu" ("Жу-жу"). The song was also in beginning of music video of 2021 song by Glukoza named "Moths" ("Мотыльки").{{Fact|date=December 2024}}

In the 2016 turn-based strategy 4X video game developed by Firaxis Games, Civilization VI, "Mo Li Hua" is the civilization theme for China, progressing from the original melody during the ancient period to a orchestral evolution of the song in the modern period.{{Fact|date=December 2024}}

{{Commons category|Mo Li Hua (folksong)}}

• Jasminum sambac, the species of jasmine the song is based on.
• Music of China
• List of Chinese folk songs

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