Mohamed ben Zamoum

Mohamed ben Zamoum was in 1795 in Boghni region into the Kabyle Iflissen Umellil confederacy,{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHskAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA345|title=Revue africaine|date=25 February 1885|publisher=La Société|via=Google Books}} whom historically served as troops under the Deylik of Algiers.{{Cite journal|last=Boyer|first=P.|date=1970|title=Des Pachas Triennaux à la révolution d'Ali Khodja Dey (1571-1817)|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40951507|journal=Revue Historique|volume=244|issue=1 (495)|pages=99–124|jstor=40951507|issn=0035-3264}}

He was part of the noble family of Ben Zamoum who reigned over the tribe of Flissas as part of the kingdom of Koukou.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbOfvDvN-wkC&pg=PA202|title=Revue africaine0|date=25 February 1876|via=Google Books}}

Mohamed had several children, the best known of which are Hocine ben Zamoum and Omar ben Zamoum who succeeded him in 1848 in command of the Flissas tribe.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F85JAQAAMAAJ|title=Histoire de l'insurrection de 1871 en Algérie|via=books.google.dz|last1=Rinn|first1=Louis|year=1891}}

His grandson Ali ben Zamoum also played a major role in the Kabyle resistance against French troupes coloniales, from 1844 to 1848.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fc4OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA66|title=Revue africaine|first=Société historique|last=algérienne|date=25 February 1881|publisher=La Société|via=Google Books}}

File:Bordj Tamenfoust.JPG]]

File:Atlas Mountain Blida Algeria.jpg mountains.]]

{{Main|French conquest of Algeria}}

{{See also|First Battle of Blida}}

Zamoum served in the Deylik's army during the Invasion of Algiers in 1830 against France, and he commanded the Zwawa forces during the invasion.{{cite book|last=Karim|first=L.A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LfMEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA56|title=Côte ouest d'Alger|publisher=Auteur|year=2016|isbn=978-9947-0-4621-0|page=56|language=wa|access-date=2021-10-31}} Several of his family members died in battle against the French army.{{Cite web|date=2011-09-12|title=بومرداس .. معالم تاريخية تتحدى|url=https://www.echoroukonline.com/بومرداس-معالم-تاريخية-تتحدى/|access-date=2021-02-25|website=الشروق أونلاين|language=ar}}

Just after the surrender of Dey Hussein on 5 July 1830 and the capitulation of the Casbah of Algiers, Sheikh Mohamed ben Zamoum organized with the marabouts of Kabylia and Mitidja a meeting of the heads of the zawiyas in the Bordj Tamentfoust on 26 July.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LaiaCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA216|title=Le douloureux passé de la Méditerranée: Histoire|first=Chantal|last=Grand|date=19 February 2016|publisher=BoD - Books on Demand|isbn=9782810628544|via=Google Books}}

As a result of this meeting, which began on 23 July and ended on 26 July, the leaders decided to resist the French presence and joined their forces and mobilized to join the popular response after the fall of Algiers.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fhFQAAAAYAAJ|title=Une page de l'histoire de la colonisation algerienne|via=books.google.dz|last1=Trumelet|first1=Corneille|year=1887}}

This meeting occurred when General Victor de Bourmont did not follow the advice of Mohamed ben Zamoum in the letter he had addressed to him to dissuade him from initiating a military expedition of the First Battle of Blida.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2iZs91q1yEQC|title=Le général Yusuf|via=books.google.dz|last1=Trumelet|first1=Corneille|year=1890}}

Ben Zamoum's goal was to urge the French to refrain from advancing into the country in the suburbs of Algiers, at least until a treaty was signed which would regulate the nature of relations between the French occupiers and the Algerian nationals.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xIEUAAAAYAAJ|title=Histoire de l'Algérie de 1830-1878|via=books.google.dz|last1=Dieuzaide|first1=Victor Anédée|year=1880}}

Nevertheless, de Bourmont began his campaign against Blida on 23 July after having contracted a connivance with the bey of Titteri in Médéa, the named Mustapha Boumezrag.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbOfvDvN-wkC&pg=PA88|title=Revue africaine0|date=25 February 1876|via=Google Books}}

The defeat of the 1,200 infantry, 100 cavalry, and artillery pieces on which General de Bourmont had based in his expedition against Blida and its surroundings, had convinced Sheikh ben Zamoum that resistance against the French was possible and that the combat would settle the positions of the belligerents.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySFXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA205|title=Indicateur général d'Algérie, renfermant la description géographique, historique et statistique de chacune des localités, etc|first=Victor BERARD (Receveur de|last=l'Enregistrement.)|date=25 February 1848|via=Google Books}}

The tribes of Mitidja and Kabylia then signed a treaty of allegiance to Sheikh ben Zamoum dated 26 July 1830, where he was proclaimed leader of the popular resistance against the forces of the French Army.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q4uAAAAQAAJ|title=Dictionnaire des dates, des faits, des lieux et des hommes historiques ou les tables de l'histoire|via=books.google.dz|last1=d' Harmonville|first1=A. -L|year=1842}}

Thus, from 2 September 1830, the Sheikh stepped up his raids against the French forces commanded by the new arriving General Bertrand Clauzel, who had been appointed commander-in-chief of the expedition army to replace de Bourmont.

{{Main|Second Battle of Blida}}

When on 18 November 1830, a second column of 7,000 French soldiers invaded the town of Blida, they found it almost deserted because most of the population had fled to the mountain of Chréa on the injunction of Sheikh ben Zamoum.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-1pJAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA518|title=Revue des deux mondes|first1=François|last1=Buloz|first2=Charles|last2=Buloz|first3=Ferdinand|last3=Brunetière|first4=Francis|last4=Charmes|first5=René|last5=Doumic|first6=André|last6=Chaumeix|date=25 February 1885|publisher=Au Bureau de la Revue des deux mondes|via=Google Books}}

But while the column of Colonel Rulhière was marching on Médéa after taking possession of Blida, the Sheikh sent a contingent of Kabyles from the Flissas tribe under the leadership of his son Hocine ben Zamoum to hook the French in Mitidja.

Having learned of the occupation of Blida by the French soldiers, Hocine ben Zamoum called on Kabyle reinforcements from the Khachna, the Col des Beni Aïcha, the Beni Moussa and the Beni Misra to march against the city of Blida in order to liberate it.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2GK3-Ok5gMC&pg=PA251|title=Annales algériennes|first=E. Pellissier de|last=Reynaud|date=25 February 1854|publisher=Alger|via=Google Books}}

{{Main|Emirate of Abdelkader}}

{{See also|Raid on Reghaïa (1837)|Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha|First Battle of Boudouaou|First Battle of the Issers|First Assault of Dellys}}

Sheikh Mohamed ben Zamoum was allied with Emir Abdelkader in the year 1837, and he undertook with his Emirate of Abdelkader the operation of building a viable Algerian state which would include the former territory of the kingdom of Koukou, and this especially after the signing of the Tafna treaty on May 30 of the same year.

During the seven years which would follow the alliance between Kabylia and the state of Abdelkader until 1843, dozens of battles pitted Sheikh ben Zamoum against French troops in the mountains and plains east of Algiers.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vHVbO_AJDGkC|title=Campagnes de l'armée d'Afrique, 1835-1839|via=books.google.dz|last1=Orléans|first1=Ferdinand-Philippe d'|year=1870}}

Emir Mustapha began a military offensive against the French colonists of Mitidja, starting with the First Raid on Reghaïa on 8 May 1837, and as a result Col des Beni Aïcha and the plain of the Issers were then set ablaze to the confines of the city Dellys.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G6NDAAAAcAAJ|title=Campagnes de l'armée d'Afrique|year=1870|via=books.google.dz|last1=Orléans|first1=Ferdinand-Philippe d'}}

Mohamed ben Zamoum in 1843 in the Boghni region, specifically in Kabylia at the age of 48 after thirteen years of resistance against the French conquest of Algeria.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbOfvDvN-wkC|title=Revue africaine0|year=1876|via=books.google.dz}}{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMD5fkVQMoMC|title=Campagnes de l'arme'e d'Afrique 1835-1839 par le Duc d'Orle'ans, publie' par ses fils, avec un portrait de l'auteur et une carte de l'Alge'rie|year=1870|via=books.google.dz|last1=Orléans |first1=Ferdinand-Philippe d' }}

File:Photo aérienne de Reghaia.jpg|Raid on Reghaïa (1837)

File:Col de Ténia.jpg|Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha (1837)

File:Photo boudouaou marine 08102014.jpg|First Battle of Boudouaou (1837)

File:Oued Isser واد يسر - panoramio.jpg|First Battle of the Issers (1837)

File:Sidi Soussan à Dellys.jpg|First Assault of Dellys (1837)

{{div col}}

• French conquest of Algeria
• Ottoman Algeria
• Invasion of Algiers in 1830
• First Battle of Blida (1830)
• Raid on Reghaïa (1837)
• Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha (1837)
• First Battle of Boudouaou (1837)
• First Battle of the Issers (1837)
• First Assault of Dellys (1837)

{{div col end}}

• {{YouTube|AFl6d6lFtUo|(fr) Information on the capture of Algiers in 1830}}
• {{YouTube|00QiSziElDo|(fr) The conquest of Algeria: Interview with Ahmed Djebbar}}
• {{YouTube|jIRQIsRnAqo|1- (fr) The conquest of Algeria (1830-1847)}}
• {{YouTube|txTj_wbH1EY|2- (fr) The conquest of Algeria (1830-1847)}}
• {{YouTube|3Hbx7NydQUk|(fr) The conquest of Algeria: Interview with Jacques Frémeaux}}
• {{YouTube|vcxv61UDufI|(fr) Conquest of Algeria - Marshal Bugeaud}}

{{reflist}}

{{Algerian resistance against French invasion}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zamoum, Mohamed ben}}

Category:1795 births

Category:People from Naciria

Category:Kabyle people

Category:1843 deaths

Category:French Algeria

Category:1830s in Algeria