Mohan Rakesh

{{Infobox writer

|name = Mohan Rakesh

|image = Mohan Rakesh, (1925-1972).jpg

|imagesize = 100

|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1925|1|8}}

|birth_name=Madan Mohan Guglani

|birth_place = Amritsar, Punjab, India

|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1972|12|3|1925|1|8}}

|death_place = Delhi, India

|occupation = Novelist, playwright

}}

Mohan Rakesh (8 January 1925{{spaced ndash}}3 December 1972) was one of the pioneers of the Nai Kahani ("New Story") literary movement of the Hindi literature in India in the 1950s. He wrote the first modern Hindi play, Ashadh Ka Ek Din (One Day in Aashad) (1958), which won a competition organised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi. He made significant contributions to the novel, the short story, travelogue, criticism, memoir and drama.{{cite book |title=The Columbia encyclopedia of modern drama, Volume 2 |author=Gabrielle H. Cody |author2=Evert Sprinchorn |publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-231-14424-7 |page=1116 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQqOKWmjdQUC&dq=%22Shyamanand+Jalan%22&pg=PA1117 }}

Mohan Rakesh's Aadhe-adhure is one of the most significant plays about urbanmiddle class family and poignantly projects the transition of values in the changing urban scenario in India.Saraswat, Surbhi. “The Quest of Completeness: Mohan Rakesh’s Aadhe Adhure.” Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, II, no. IX, 2014.

He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1968.[http://www.sangeetnatak.com/programmes_recognition&honours_drama_playwriting.html Drama – Playwriting Awards] Sangeet Natak Akademi Official listings. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607104701/http://www.sangeetnatak.com/programmes_recognition%26honours_drama_playwriting.html |date=7 June 2008 }}

Early life and education

He was born as Madan Mohan Guglani on 8 January 1925 in Amritsar in the Punjab Province of British India.{{citation needed|date= August 2022}} His father was a lawyer who died when he was sixteen.{{citation needed|date= August 2022}} Mohan Rakesh hailed from a Sindhi family. His father migrated from Sindh to Punjab long ago. He did his M.A. in English and Hindi from Punjab University, Lahore.[http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/lekhak/m/mohanrakesh.htm Mohan Rakesh Biography and Works][http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/AuthorSelect.asp?Author=Mohan+Rakesh Mohan Rakesh bio and books]

Career

He started his career as a postman at Dehradun from 1947 to 1949, after that he shifted to Delhi, but found a teaching job in Jalandhar, Punjab for a short while.{{citation needed|date= August 2022}} Subsequently, he remained Head of the Hindi department at DAV College, Jalandhar (Guru Nanak Dev University) and taught Hindi at Bishop Cotton School in Shimla for two years before coming back to teaching Jalandhar. In Shimla, he had Ruskin Owen Bond among his students. Eventually, he resigned from his job in 1957 to write full-time. He also briefly edited Hindi literary journal Sarika, from 1962 to 1963.{{citation needed|date= August 2022}}

His novels are Andhere Band Kamare (Closed Dark Rooms) and Na Aane Wala Kal (The Tomorrow That Never Comes). His plays include Ashadh Ka Ek Din (One Day in Aashad) (1958), played a major role in reviving Hindi theatre in the 1960s[http://www.seasonsindia.com/art_culture/lit_hindi_sea.htm#mohan Mohan Rakesh] and Adhe Adhure (The Incomplete Ones or Halfway ouse) (1969). His debut play Ashadh Ka Ek Din was first performed by Kolkata-based Hindi theatre group Anamika, under director Shyamanand Jalan (1960){{cite book |title=Pop culture India!: media, arts, and lifestyle |author=Asha Kasbekar |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2006|isbn=1-85109-636-1 |page=73 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv7Uk0UcdM8C&dq=%22Shyamanand+Jalan%22&pg=PA73 }} and subsequently by Ebrahim Alkazi at National School of Drama Delhi in 1962, which established Mohan Rakesh as the first modern Hindi playwright. His plays continue to be performed and receive acclaim worldwide. One Day in the Season of Rain, Aparna Dharwadker and Vinay Dharwadker's authorised English translation of Ashadh Ka Ek Din, premiered at Carthage College in Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States in 2010 and traveled to the Kennedy Center American College Theatre Festival (Region 3) in 2011.

Lahron Ke Rajhans (The Swans of the Waves), a play of Mohan Rakesh about an ancient Buddhist tale on the renunciation of the Buddha, and its aftereffects on his close family, was first written as a short story and later turned into a radio play for All India Radio Jalandhar, and broadcast under the title Sundri, though his struggle over different versions of the play lasted for nearly 20 years.{{cite book |title=The modernity of Sanskrit |author=Simona Sawhney|publisher=Univ. of Minnesota Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8166-4996-9|page=73 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1Bs-GD7yZIC&dq=%22Shyamanand+Jalan%22&pg=PA73 }} Prominent Indian directors Om Shivpuri, Shyamanand Jalan, Arvind Gaur and Ram Gopal Bajaj directed this play.{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20071106072629/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/11/18/stories/2005111802360300.htm More than just a manuscript!]}} Romesh Chander, The Hindu, 18 November 2005. In 2005, this very writing process of the play, and Mohan Rakesh's diary, writings, and letters about the play, were recreated in a play titled Manuscript, by a Delhi theatre group.

In July 1971, he received the Jawarharlal Nehru Fellowship for research on 'The Dramatic Word'. However, he could not complete it and died on 3 January 1972.{{cite web| title = Official list of Jawaharlal Nehru Fellows (1969-present)|work = Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund | url = http://www.jnmf.in/flist.html }}

Personal life

His second marriage in 1960 too ended soon. However, in his third marriage to Anita Aulakh in 1963, he had found love. At the time of the marriage Anita was 21 year old. After his death, she continued to live in Delhi and, now in her seventies, lives in East of Kailash neighbourhood. Her autobiographical work, Satrein Aur Satrein, was first serialized in the Hindi magazine Sarika, and later published in 2002.

{{cite web | title = Mohan Rakesh: A Rudimentary Sketch | url = http://sol.du.ac.in/mod/book/view.php?id=853&chapterid=512 |work=SOL, Delhi University| access-date = 2016-07-18 }}{{cite web

| title = The love story of Anita and Mohan Rakesh | work= Hindustan Times, Brunch| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-love-story-of-anita-and-mohan-rakesh/story-CKSJQaJzeuKt51stwwVKvN.html |author=Poonam Saxena| date= 14 March 2016| access-date = 2016-07-18 }}

Literary work

=Novels ''(Upanyas)''=

Andhere Band Kamre (1961)
Na Aanewala Kal (1968)
Antaraal (1972)
Bakalama Khuda (1974)

=Plays ''(Natak-Ekanki)''=

Aadhe AdhureSaraswat, Surbhi. “The Quest of Completeness: Mohan Rakesh’s Aadhe Adhure.” Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, II, no. IX, 2014. / आधे अधूरे (1969) {{ISBN|978-81-8361-325-5}}
Lahron Ke Rajhans / लहरों के राजहंस (1963) {{ISBN|978-81-267-1595-4}}
Ashadh Ka Ek Din / आषाढ़ का एक दिन (One Day in Ashadha, 1958) {{ISBN|9788170284093}}
Mohan Rakesh ke Sampurn Natak, 1993, Rajpal. {{ISBN|81-7028-152-0}}.

File:Mohan and Lillete performing in a play Aadhe Adhoore in Bharat Bhavan Bhopal.jpg

and Lillete Dubey performing in a play Aadhe Adhoore]]

==History==

= Posthumously published =

Pairon Tale ki Zameen (1973)

⁽⁾

Ande ke Chilke, anya ekanki tatha beej natak (1973)
Rata Bitane Taka Tatha Anya Dhvani Nataka, 1974, Radhakrishna Prakashan. {{ISBN|81-7119-332-3}}. (Radio plays)

=Translation=

Mrichchkatikam, (Sanskrit play)
Shakuntalam (Sanskrit play)

=Story anthologies ''(Kahani Sangrah)''=

10 Pratinidhi Kahaniyan (Mohan Rakesh)
Rat ki Bahon Mein
Mohan Rakesh ki meri prem Kahaniyan

Kannada translations

= Plays =

Aashadada Ondu Dina by Siddhaling Pattanshetti (1973, 1978, 1979, 1988, 1993, 2000, 2011, 2012, 2017) (Ashadh Ka Ek Din / आषाढ़ का एक दिन (One Day in Ashadha, 1958))
Alalegalalli Rajahamsagalu by Siddhaling Pattanshetti (1980, 1988, 2017) (Lahron Ke Rajhans / लहरों के राजहंस (1963))
Aadha Adhure by Siddhaling Pattanshetti (1976, 1989) (Aadhe Adhure / आधे अधूरे (1969))
Kaala Kelagina Nela by Siddhaling Pattanshetti (2011) (Pairon Tale Ki Zameen (1973))

Cinematic adaptations

His short stories were made into seriel named MITTI KE RANG by Doordaeshan in 1993.

Two of his literary works were adapted by the filmmaker Mani Kaul. The first film was Uski Roti made in 1969 based on the short story of the same name. For this film, Mohan Rakesh wrote the dialogs.[https://web.archive.org/web/20090925080440/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/155222/Uski-Roti/details Uski Roti (1971)] New York Times The second film was Ashadh Ka Ek Din made in 1971, based on a play by Mohan Rakesh.{{cite web|url= https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/talking-theatre/article26206197.ece/|title= Talking theatre |date=8 February 2019|work= The Hindu}}