Mole Creek

{{For|the national park|Mole Creek Karst National Park}}

{{Use Australian English|date=August 2019}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

{{Infobox Australian place | type = town

| name = Mole Creek

| state = tas

| image = Mole-Creek-Hotel-20070422-026.jpg

| caption = Mole Creek Hotel and post office.

| coordinates = {{coord|41.5570|S|146.4077|E|scale:10000|display=inline,title}}

| pushpin_label_position = right

| lga = Meander Valley Council

| postcode = 7304

| est =

| pop = 609

| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2011}}

| pop_footnotes=

| elevation= 240

| elevation_footnotes=

| maxtemp = 16.1

| maxtemp_footnotes =

| mintemp = 4.4

| mintemp_footnotes =

| rainfall = 1125

| rainfall_footnotes =

| stategov = Lyons

| fedgov = Lyons

| dist1 = 228

| dir1 = N

| location1= Hobart

| dist2 = 76

| dir2 = W

| location2= Launceston

| dist3 = 25

| dir3 = W

| location3= Deloraine

}}

Mole Creek is a town in the upper Mersey Valley, in the central north of Tasmania, Australia. Mole Creek is well known for its honey and accounts for about 35 percent of Tasmania's honey production.

The locality is in the Meander Valley Council area, but with about 3% in the Kentish Council LGA.

History

Australian Aboriginals have lived on the island of Tasmania for thousands of years. The earliest archaeological evidence for Aboriginal habitation of Tasmania is from the valley of the Forth River, 35000 years before the present.Jupp, p.110 Prior to European settlement, Mole Creek, along with much of the surrounding area, was part of the lands of the Pallittorre Aboriginal tribe. Their range included Deloraine, the face of the Great Western Tiers, and the Gog mountain range to the north of Mole Creek where they mined ochre in the Toolumbunner ochre pits.Jupp, p.111 There is evidence that they had been settled in the Mole Creek area for at least 10,000 years. As Europeans moved onto their land the two groups came into conflict, many Aboriginal people and some Europeans were killed. Their population in the area has been estimated to drop from 200 to 60 during 1827-30.Australian Garden History Society, pp.1–4

During the 1820s, the Van Diemen's Land Company cut a stock route from Deloraine to Emu Bay (now known as Burnie) via Chudleigh and Mole Creek. Prior to this cattlemen had run cattle and built stockman's huts on the land west of Westbury. From the 1820s onwards land grants began being issued as the land was gradually surveyed.Evans & Terry, p.9 A systemic exploration of Mole Creek and the area west was conducted in 1826 by Edward Curr, Joseph Fossey and Henry Hellyer.Evans & Terry, p.20 Mole Creek was originally a mixture of tall forest, plains and boggy marsh. Settlers in the early 19th century cleared the land largely using fire and the ring barking of trees.Evans & Terry, p.33 The land was first held in large leaseholds by the wealthiest in the colony of Tasmania. In the mid-19th century a number of waste lands acts were passed by the government allowing for smaller holdings, opening up the then densely forested land around the town of Mole Creek.Evans & Terry, p.26 Many of these first settlers were farm labourers or ex-convicts, who had worked as labourers or tenant farmers on the larger holdings.

The name Mole Creek comes from a nearby stream, recorded as early as the Land Commissioner's reports' maps from 1826-28. This creek flows above ground, and in portions underground through the caves underlying the area.Evans & Terry, p.11 The caves of the nearby Mole Creek Karst National Park, which include the show caves Marakoopa Cave and King Solomons Cave, have attracted tourists since the 1850s. Their popularity encouraged the establishment of tourist facilities in Mole Creek including Howe's Boarding House and Lee's Mountain View Guest House.Evans & Terry, p.79

By 1876 the town had a water-powered flour mill and water powered saw mill. At the same time a Wesleyan chapel and minister's residence were being constructed.{{cite news|title=Chudleigh|author=A correspondant|work=The Launceston Examiner|date=24 October 1876|page=3}} A post office opened on 28 May 1884 though the town remained small. A former resident remembered Mole Creek in the 1890s as "a small bush settlement".Green, p.4 Lime kilns were built at Mole Creek in the late 19th century, taking advantage of the extensive limestone in the area.Evans & Terry, p.21

= 20th century =

In the early 20th century the opening of some scenic caves for tourism lead to further development in the town. King Solomon's Cave was discovered in 1906 and opened for tours in 1908. Marakoopa cave was found in 1910, opened in 1912 and sold to the state tourist department in 1919.Sydney, pp.23-24 Edward Charles James, who had obtained a lease on King Solomon's Cave, built what is now the Mole creek hotel over 1907-8 as a 30-room guest house. Due to some unusual sale conditions he could not serve alcohol. The building was sold in 1910 to George Lee who ran it as the Mountain View Guest House. A grocery and hardware shop ran from part of the building from 1929 to 1965. In June 1953 the sale conditions were overcome and a licence to serve alcohol was granted.Sydney, p.25The history of the hotel's use is recorded in a commemorative sign in its lobby

File:R Stephens Mole Creek.JPG

Robert Stephens had kept bees as a hobby. After he returned from service in World War I he continued his interest. He opened a commercial honey production facility in Mole Creek in 1918. By 1923 the factory had 50 hives and was selling honey under the Golden Bee brand.Evans & Terry, p.38 Since 1951 it has concentrated on leatherwood honey. Each year hives are transported to Tasmania's west coast to make honey with the distinctive flavour of leatherwood (Eucryphia lucida and Eucryphia milliganii).Holland, pp.117–118 The Factory and Apiary are provisionally registered on the Tasmanian Heritage Register. It has operated on the same {{convert|2|acre|adj=on}} site since operations began; the oldest building is a c.1920 timber cottage and the prominent façade that faces the main road dates from the 1970s. The factory is run by Stephen's decedents using the "Golden Bee" label introduced in 1930 and the "Golden Nectar" label for leatherwood honey introduced 1951. As of 2010 it was producing {{convert|350|tonne}} of honey each year and approximately 35% of all Tasmanian honey.

Electricity, supplied by the Hydroelectric Commission, reached Mole Creek in 1936 and street lighting was installed soon after.Sydney, p.5 Construction of a memorial hall began at the end of 1950,{{cite news|title=Mole Creek|work=The Advocate|location=Burnie|page=8|date=1 December 1950}} funded by a state government grant of 1000 pounds. A driving force behind construction was the school's lack of a recreation hall forcing them to on occasion rent the Methodist Hall.{{cite news|title=Mole Creek Memorial Hall|work=The Advocate|location=Burnie|page=4|date=4 December 1950|last=Flowers|first=T.W.}} The Mole Creek bush nursing centre was opened in mid-1944.{{cite news|title=Bush nursing centre|work=The Examiner|location=Launceston|date=16 May 1944|page=4}} and came under control of the Launceston Public Hospitals District Board in 1968.Evans & Terry, p.43 The site is now a health centre housing the Mole Creek Child Health Centre and is operated by the Department of Health and Human Services.

=Railway=

A rail line was opened in 1890. It ran {{convert|20.4|km|mi}} to Mole Creek, through Chudleigh, from a junction near Deloraine on the Western Line. There was a plan to extend the line further west and government surveyors employed to this end. The survey was cancelled in 1891Evans & Terry, p.32 and by 1900 there was no longer an expectation that the line would be extended to Tasmania's west coast.{{cite news|title=Chudleigh and Mole Creek|work=The Examiner|location=Launceston|date=18 April 1900|page=7|author=The Examiner's Travelling Correspondent}} Throughout its existence, it carried mostly timber destined for the paper mill at Burnie and, in later days, woodchips for Bell Bay. From the 1920s passenger services, which on occasion ran as far as Devonport, were mostly conducted by railcars.Stokes, pp.243-252 From the 1970s to the 1980s the track saw extensive use transporting limestone to South Burnie. The rail extension was closed in 1985 and the track lifted in 1992.

=Religion=

File:St Andrews Presbyterian church Mole Creek.JPG

The Deloraine Wesleyan district decided, in 1875, to erect a chapel in Mole creek.{{cite news|title=Wesleyan district meeting|date=16 November 1875|work=The Mercury|page=2|location=Hobart}}

Construction began on the Methodist (Wesleyan) church, on donated land, and an associated cottage in late 1876.{{cite news|title=Wesleyan council financial district meeting|date=13 November 1876|page=3|work=The Cornwall Chronicle|location=Launceston}} It was completed in 1878, then enlarged in 1880, at which time the original building was moved to the rear and used as a supper room. An adjacent church hall was added in 1919. The Wesleyan chapel was rented by the Government for a school from at least June 1879.{{cite news|title=Mole Creek|work=The Mercury|location=Hobart|author=Mercury Correspondant|date=4 February 1884|page=3}} A new parsonage was built and opened in 1956 but was subsequently sold to Forestry Tasmania in 1972. In 1976, along with most Methodist churches in Australia, it became part of the Uniting Church in Australia.Stansall, p.65 It was still used as of 1996Sydney, p.2 but was subsequently closed and sold.Online sale records date the closure to prior to 2009.

A news report in 1900 reports that, in addition to the Wesleyan weatherboard church, there was a Baptist church{{cite news|title=Chudleigh and Mole Creek|date=18 April 1900|page=7|work=The Examiner|location=Launceston|author=Travelling Correspondant}} and in 1905 the town had a Seventh-day Adventist church.Evans & Terry, p.87 In the 19th century Anglican services were held in the Wesleyan chapel. St Colombia's Anglican church was built in Mole Creek and dedicated in September 1902 by Bishop Henry Montgomery and Gilbert White, a missionary. The church was in the parish of DeloraineHenslowe, p.46 and was closed in the early 1990s.Stephens, p.138 Mole Creek's only remaining church is part of the Presbyterian Church of Tasmania, in the Presbytery of Bass. St Andrew's church was consecrated 12 September 1932.{{cite news| title=New Presbyterian church at Mole Creek | date = 12 September 1932 |work=The Mercury |location = Hobart | page=3}} It celebrated its 40th anniversary in 1972Miller, p.33 and remains in use.

Geography and climate

The town of Mole Creek lies at {{convert|240|m}} above sea level.Davey, p.23 The Mole Creek-Chudleigh karst is an area underlain by limestone with underground streams, sinkholes and caves. It was formed when Gondwanaland was covered by a shallow sea approximately 500 million years ago. The area has a layer of Ordovician limestone, approximately {{convert|100|m}} thick covering an area {{convert|26|by|10|km}}, and other sedimentary rocks.Lloyd, p.50 The town is surrounded by a plain underlain by this limestone which crops up through the overlying sediments.Parks and Wildlife Service, p.13 Nearby hills have prominent basalt, limestone and dolerite depending on location. The flats are of alluvial origin with Permian sediments formed from mudstone and sandstone.Topoclimate Services, pp.25-26 The karst is riddled with over 400 caves and sinkholes, some of which are open to the public.Lloyd, p.51 King Solomon's Cave and the Marakoopa Caves became part of a state cave reserve in 1939. The caves and many other parts of the karst became part of the Mole Creek Karst National Park when it was formed in 1996.Evans & Terry, p.80

The agricultural land around Mole Creek is mostly suited to grazing, intensive in some areas, though some is marginal cropping land that requires careful crop rotation with seasons where the land must be left fallow.Topoclimate Services, p.27

Mole creek has a cool temperate climate. The area is notably frosty in winter and experiences the occasional snowfall.Topoclimate Services, p.24 The average rainfall of {{convert|1125|mm}}1,122mm of average rainfall is derived from weather records over 1914 to 2015 is significantly higher than parts of the Meander Valley Council area further to the east. The average rainfall has noticeably declined over the past 3-4 decades.{{Weather box

|location = Deloraine (Station 091000 temperature), Mole Creek (Station 091065 rainfall)

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|Jan high C = 21.3|Feb high C = 22.5|Mar high C =19.6|Apr high C = 16.5|May high C = 13.2 |Jun high C = 10.9|Jul high C = 10.4|Aug high C = 11.4|Sep high C = 13.3|Oct high C = 15.5 |Nov high C = 17.7 |Dec high C = 20.1|year high C = 16.1

|Jan low C = 7.7|Feb low C = 8.7|Mar low C = 6.3 |Apr low C = 4.5|May low C = 2.7|Jun low C = 1.0|Jul low C = 0.9|Aug low C = 1.2|Sep low C = 3.1|Oct low C = 4.4|Nov low C = 5.4|Dec low C = 7.2 |year low C = 4.4

|rain colour = green

|Jan rain mm = 52.9|Feb rain mm = 59.7|Mar rain mm = 60.6|Apr rain mm = 83.6|May rain mm = 109.5|Jun rain mm = 113.9|Jul rain mm = 147.6|Aug rain mm = 145.6|Sep rain mm = 113.1|Oct rain mm = 93.3|Nov rain mm = 72.1|Dec rain mm = 68 |year rain mm= 1125.1

|source 1 = Bureau of Meteorology, Deloraine (Athol).

|source 2= Bureau of Meteorology, Mole Creek.

}}

School

Mole Creek Primary school is a government school for students from kindergarten to grade 6 that has, as of 2015, 76 students. There was a state school in Mole Creek by 1900.Evans & Terry, pp.61 It was changed to a district or area school in 1936.{{cite news|title=New Mole Creek School|work=The Advocate|location=Burnie|date=18 July 1936|page=6}} A single-room school building, and associated teacher's residence, had been constructed over 1892–93 in Caveside. When the school was closed in 1937 the building was moved to Mole Creek in 1938 and used for 'domestic arts' at school.Reunion Committee, p.15 Western Creek, near Meander, had a school from 1893 to 1938. After it closed some students attended Meander's school, but others moved to schools at Mole Creek and Deloraine. This school building was also moved and added to those at Mole Creek's school.Woods & Pennicott, pp.96–98 The primary school services surrounding districts including Chudleigh and Caveside. The nearest high school is in Deloraine.

Current town

The town is named after Mole Creek, a tributary of the Mersey River.Whitworth, p.136 This creek is named due to the way that it appears above ground, descends below ground into the limestone cave system, then reappears multiple times.{{cite web|title=Mole Creek|url=http://greatwesterntiers.net.au/villages/mole-creek|accessdate=12 May 2015|publisher=Meander Valley Council}} The main industries in the area are forestry, farming, limestone mining and the R Stephen's honey factory.{{cite web|title=About us|url=http://molecreekprogressassociation.com.au/|accessdate=12 May 2015|publisher=Mole Creek Progress Association}} One of the largest non-farm employers in the area is Unimim Lime Limited.Davey, p.19 They quarry and process limestone to make quicklime and hydrated lime. As of 2007 they employed 28 people at Mole Creek Mole Creek is well known for its honey and accounts for about 35 percent of Tasmania's honey production including Leatherwood honey—a noted monofloral honey—which is unique to Tasmania and sold internationally.

Nearby is the Mole Creek Karst National Park, which includes the show caves Marakoopa Cave and King Solomons Cave. These caves have been popular with tourists for over 100 years.{{cite web|url=http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=3530|title=Mole Creek Karst National Park|publisher=Parks and Wildlife Service Tasmania'|accessdate=12 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909213552/http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=3530|archive-date=9 September 2014|url-status=dead}} Trowunna Wildlife Park is a {{convert|65|acre|adj=on}} private sanctuary a short distance on the main road towards Chudleigh. The park contains native Australian animals both in enclosures and free-ranging. It works as part of the effort to preserve Tasmanian devils by keeping a population that are free of facial tumour disease, and runs as a training centre for animal handling and animal keeping. Other animals at the park include spotted-tail quolls, eastern quolls, wombats, grey kangaroos, red-necked wallabies, pademelons, potoroos, bettongs, bandicoots, pygmy possums, wedge-tailed eagles, brown falcons, goshawks, owls, green rosellas, black swans, ducks, honeyeaters, wrens and robins.

Mole Creek has a volunteer fire brigade. It first ran from 1956 to 1962 and was disbanded due to lack of local interest. A district brigade and fire station had been re-established by 1970.Evans & Terry, p.55 The town had a cricket club by the early 20th century and an Australian rules football club by 1946.Evans & Terry, p.77 The football club still exists and plays in the Leven Football Association. The cricket club plays in the Northern Midlands Cricket Association. The town has a community maintained swimming pool. Mole Creek's cemetery opened in 1916, serving also Caveside,Evans & Terry, p.95 and remains open. Mole Creek has a hotel, established in 1907, a guest house and restaurant, a swimming pool and adjacent community hall, supermarket, service station, post office and a church.

Mole Creek is in the Meander Valley Council local government area, the Division of Lyons—for the state house of assembly and the federal house of representatives and the state legislative council electoral division of Western Tiers.{{cite web|title=Legislative Council Division of Western Tiers|url=http://www.electoral.tas.gov.au/pages/LegislativeCouncil/Images/Maps/Western_Tiers2008.gif|accessdate=15 April 2015|publisher=Tasmanian Electoral Commission|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321182502/http://www.electoral.tas.gov.au/pages/LegislativeCouncil/Images/Maps/Western_Tiers2008.gif|archivedate=21 March 2015}} At the 2011 census, Mole Creek's statistical area—covering {{convert|217.2|sqkm}}—had a population of 609 though the town itself had only 230.

Notes

{{reflist|group=note}}

References

{{reflist|2|refs=

{{cite web|title=Mole Creek Primary School|url=http://education.tas.edu.au/molecreekprimary/Pages/Home.aspx|accessdate=12 May 2015|publisher=Department of Education}}

{{cite web|title=Federal Electorate: LYONS|url=http://apps.aec.gov.au/eSearch/LocalitySearchResults.aspx?filter=Lyons&filterby=Electorate&divid=196|publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|accessdate=8 May 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512221724/http://apps.aec.gov.au/eSearch/LocalitySearchResults.aspx?filter=Lyons&filterby=Electorate&divid=196|archivedate=12 May 2014}}

{{cite web|title=Mole Creek|url=http://molecreek.info/mole-creek-chudleigh/mole-creek/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023123922/http://molecreek.info/mole-creek-chudleigh/mole-creek/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=23 October 2012|accessdate=12 May 2015|last=Bourne|first=Brenda}}

{{cite web|title=Mole Creek Cemetery|url=http://www.meander.tas.gov.au/page.aspx?u=536|publisher=Meander Valley Council|accessdate=12 May 2015}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.linc.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/394553/directory_MV_May2013.pdf|title=Meander Valley, Directory of Community Services|date=May 2013|accessdate=12 May 2015|publisher=Meander Valley Council|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318161652/http://www.linc.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/394553/directory_MV_May2013.pdf|archive-date=18 March 2015|url-status=dead}}

Temperature data is from the nearest recording site in Deloraine from 1884 to April 2014
{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=36&p_display_type=dataFile&p_stn_num=091000 | title= Monthly mean maximum temperature, Deloraine (Athol) |accessdate=26 April 2015|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology}}

Rainfall data is from the nearest recording site in Mole Creek from 1914 to January 2015
{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=139&p_display_type=dataFile&p_stn_num=091065| title= Monthly Rainfall, Mole Creek|accessdate=26 April 2015|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.meander.tas.gov.au/page.aspx?u=497|title=Mole Creek|publisher=Meander Valley Council|date=12 May 2015}}

{{Census 2011 AUS |id=SSC60222 |name=Mole Creek ( State Suburb ) |accessdate=2007-11-10 |quick=on}}

{{Census 2011 AUS |id=UCL622027 |name=Mole Creek (L) Urban Centre/Locality |accessdate=2007-11-10 |quick=on}}

{{cite web|url=http://molecreek.info/mole-creek-chudleigh/mole-creek/mole-creek-history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023121738/http://molecreek.info/mole-creek-chudleigh/mole-creek/mole-creek-history/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=23 October 2012|title=Mole Creek & Chudleigh|accessdate=6 May 2015|last=Bourne|first=Brenda}}

{{Cite web | last = Premier Postal History | title = Post Office List | publisher = Premier Postal Auctions | url = https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=Tas&country= | accessdate = 16 June 2012}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.leatherwoodhoney.com.au/images/2011/Tas.%20Heritage%20Register%20Entry.pdf|title=R. Stephens Golden Bee Honey Factory|accessdate=12 May 2015|author=Tasmanian Heritage Council}}

{{cite web | url=http://findapresbyterianchurch.com/church/tas-mole-creek-presbyterian-church | title=Mole Creek Presbyterian Church | accessdate = 20 March 2014 | last=Johnstone | first = David }}

{{cite web|url=http://tourtasmania.com/content.php?id=molecreek|title=The interactive tour of Tasmania, Mole Creek|accessdate=20 March 2014|publisher=Tour of Tasmania}}

{{cite web|title=Trowunna Wildlife Park: Adopt a Wombat|url=http://www.think-tasmania.com/trowunna-wildlife-park-adopt-a-wombat/|accessdate=26 April 2015|publisher=Think Tasmania|last=Haberle|first=Carol|date=8 November 2013}}

{{cite web|title=Mole Creek Line|url=http://www.railtasmania.com/lines/molecreek_line.htm|accessdate=12 May 2015|publisher=Australian Railway Historical Society (Tasmanian Division)}}

{{cite web|title=2006/2007 report for UNIMIN LIME (TASMANIA) P/L, Unimin Australia Limited - Mole Creek Site - Mole Creek, TAS|url=http://www.npi.gov.au/npidata/action/load/individual-facility-detail/criteria/state/TAS/year/2007/jurisdiction-facility/TAS%20102|publisher=Department of the Environment|accessdate=12 May 2015|date=31 January 2008}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.foxsportspulse.com/team_info.cgi?id=8037320&c=1-3920-0-67708-0|title=Mole Creek Football Club|publisher=Fox Sports Pulse|accessdate=12 May 2015}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.tas.gov.au/media/pdf/Annual Report 2010-11.pdf|accessdate=13 May 2015|publisher=Tasmanian Heritage Council|title=Annual report 2010-2011}}

}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}

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{{refend}}