Monarchy in Manitoba#Winnipeg Arena portraits of Queen Elizabeth II

{{main|Monarchy in the Canadian provinces}}

The role of the Crown is both legal and practical; it functions in Manitoba in the same way it does in all of Canada's other provinces, being the centre of a constitutional construct in which the institutions of government acting under the sovereign's authority share the power of the whole.{{cite journal| last=Cox| first=Noel| title=Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence| journal=Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law| volume=9| issue=3| pages=12| publisher=Murdoch University| location=Perth| date=September 2002| url=http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/issues/v9n3/cox93.html| access-date=17 May 2009}} It is thus the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the province's government.{{Citation| last=Privy Council Office| author-link=Privy Council Office (Canada)| title=Accountable Government: A Guide for Ministers and Ministers of State – 2008| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| year=2008| location=Ottawa| page=49| url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/index.asp?lang=eng&page=information&sub=publications&doc=ag-gr/2008/ag-gr-eng.htm| isbn=978-1-100-11096-7| access-date=17 May 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318110030/http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/index.asp?lang=eng&page=information&sub=publications&doc=ag-gr%2F2008%2Fag-gr-eng.htm| archive-date=18 March 2010| url-status=dead}} The Canadian monarch—since 8 September 2022, King Charles III—is represented and his duties carried out by the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, whose direct participation in governance is limited by the conventional stipulations of constitutional monarchy, with most related powers entrusted for exercise by the elected parliamentarians, the ministers of the Crown generally drawn from amongst them, and the judges and justices of the peace. The Crown today primarily functions as a guarantor of continuous and stable governance and a nonpartisan safeguard against the abuse of power.{{Cite journal| last=Roberts| first=Edward| author-link=Edward Roberts (Canadian politician)| title=Ensuring Constitutional Wisdom During Unconventional Times| journal=Canadian Parliamentary Review| volume=23| issue=1| publisher=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association| page=15| location=Ottawa| year=2009| url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/32/1/32n1_09e_Roberts.pdf| access-date=21 May 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426045234/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/32/1/32n1_09e_Roberts.pdf| archive-date=26 April 2012| url-status=dead}}{{Sfn|MacLeod|2008|p=20}} This arrangement began with the granting of royal assent to the 1870 Manitoba Act and continued an unbroken line of monarchical government extending back to the early 17th century. However, though Manitoba has a separate government headed by the King, as a province, Manitoba is not itself a kingdom.{{Citation| last=Forsey| first=Eugene| author-link=Eugene Forsey| publication-date=31 December 1974| contribution=Crown and Cabinet| editor-last=Forsey| editor-first=Eugene| editor-link=Eugene Forsey| title=Freedom and Order: Collected Essays| publication-place=Toronto| publisher=McClelland & Stewart Ltd.| isbn=978-0-7710-9773-7}}

Government House in Winnipeg is owned by the sovereign in his capacity as King in Right of Manitoba and used as an official residence by both the lieutenant governor and the sovereign.{{Sfn|MacLeod|2008|p=XIV}} The lieutenant governor and Canadian royalty also have use of the Lieutenant Governor's Reception Room in the Manitoba Legislative Building.

{{further|Royal tours of Canada}}

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| image1 = Dauphin Railway Station.jpg

| image2 = Victoria Beach in Lake Winnipeg Manitoba Canada (6).JPG

| image3 = Royal Winnipeg Ballet 01.JPG

| image4 = Churchill Fort Prince of Wales 1996-08-12.jpg

| image5 = Princess Margaret School, Winnipeg (330073) (9444404364).jpg

| image6 = Manitoba Theatre Centre (July 2006).jpg

| footer = (Clockwise from top) The railway station in Dauphin, the eponym of Louis, Dauphin of France; performers in the Royal Winnipeg Ballet, 2010; Prince of Wales Fort, named for Prince George, Prince of Wales (later King George II); Princess Margaret School, Winnipeg, named for Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon; the Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre, which received its royal prefix from Queen Elizabeth II in 2010; Victoria Beach, on Lake Winnipeg, named for Queen Victoria

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Those in the Royal Family perform ceremonial duties when on a tour of the province; the royal persons do not receive any personal income for their service, only the costs associated with the exercise of these obligations are funded by both the Canadian and Manitoba Crowns in their respective councils.{{Citation| first=Sean| last=Palmer| first2=John| last2=Aimers| author2-link=John Aimers| title=The Cost of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy: $1.10 per Canadian| year=2002| edition=2| place=Toronto| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/new/docs/costofcrown.html| access-date=15 May 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619203100/http://www.monarchist.ca/new/docs/costofcrown.html| archive-date=19 June 2008}} Monuments around Manitoba mark some of those visits, while others honour a royal personage or event. Further, Manitoba's monarchical status is illustrated by royal names applied regions, communities, schools, and buildings,{{Citation| last=Kirbyson| first=Geoff| title=Prince Edward begins Winnipeg visit| newspaper=Vancouver Sun| date=2 June 2008| url=http://www2.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=fd966f54-9c34-40d9-ba86-e9274cd753db| access-date=2 July 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509222500/http://www2.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=fd966f54-9c34-40d9-ba86-e9274cd753db| archive-date=9 May 2012| url-status=dead}} many of which may also have a specific history with a member or members of the Royal Family. Associations also exist between the Crown and many private organizations within the province; these may have been founded by a Royal Charter, received a royal prefix, and/or been honoured with the patronage of a member of the Royal Family. Examples include the Court of King's Bench of Manitoba, the Royal Manitoba Winter Fair, which was under the patronage of Queen Elizabeth II,{{cite web| url=http://www.brandonfairs.com/index.php?pageid=30| title=Provincial Exhibition of Manitoba > Our History| publisher=The Provincial Exhibition of Manitoba| access-date=2 July 2009}} and the Royal Lake of the Woods Yacht Club, which received its royal prefix from King George V in 1924. At the various levels of education within Alberta, there also exist a number of scholarships and academic awards either established by or named for royal persons.{{cite web| url=http://www.royaltour.gc.ca/itiner/itiner-eng.cfm| last=Department of Canadian Heritage| author-link=Department of Canadian Heritage| title=2010 Royal Tour > Itinerary for 2010 Royal Tour of Canada| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=9 August 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619144300/http://royaltour.gc.ca/itiner/itiner-eng.cfm| archive-date=19 June 2010}}

The main symbol of the monarchy is the sovereign himself, his image (in portrait or effigy) thus being used to signify government authority.{{Citation| last=MacKinnon| first=Frank| title=The Crown in Canada| publisher=Glenbow-Alberta Institute| year=1976| location=Calgary| page=[https://archive.org/details/crownincanada0000mack/page/69 69]| isbn=978-0-7712-1016-7| url=https://archive.org/details/crownincanada0000mack/page/69}} A royal cypher or crown may also illustrate the monarchy as the locus of authority, without referring to any specific monarch. Additionally, though the monarch does not form a part of the constitutions of Manitoba's honours, they do stem from the Crown as the fount of honour, and so bear on the insignia symbols of the sovereign.

{{See also|Monarchy of Canada#In media and popular culture}}

Three large portraits of Queen Elizabeth II were created for Winnipeg Arena. The first was in place upon the rink's opening in 1955; it watched over game three of the 1972 Summit Series between the Soviet and Canadian national ice hockey teams.

Twenty-one years later,{{citation| url=https://puckstruck.com/2018/04/22/the-winnipeg-arenas-royal-quandary-if-the-queen-herself-walked-in-would-she-know-who-it-was/| title=the winnipeg arena's royal quandary: if the queen herself walked in, would she know who it was?| date=22 April 2018| publisher=Puckstruck| accessdate=25 March 2023}} Lieutenant Governor William John McKeag commissioned billboard artist Gilbert Burch to create a new portrait,{{citation| url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/queen-portrait-that-hung-in-old-winnipeg-jets-arena-coming-home-1.2973613| title=Queen portrait that hung in old Winnipeg Jets arena coming home| date=26 February 2015| publisher=CBC News| accessdate=25 March 2023}} which was 4.2 metres (13.8 feet) square. It was not, however, considered a good likeness; Burch admitted as much, explaining he only had a tiny, poorly-lit photograph to work from. This prompted the commissioning of the third painting, which was a gift from Lieutenant Governor Francis Lawrence Jobin in 1978.

Also painted by Burch, using oil on plywood, the final iteration, five by seven metres (16.4 by 23 feet) in size, depicts the Queen in the gown she wore for the 1977 opening of the federal parliament, with her insignia of the Sovereign of the Order of Canada and Sovereign of the Order of Military Merit and, on her head, the Grand Duchess Vladimir Tiara. After it was installed the following year, when the Winnipeg Jets, housed in Winnipeg Arena, became a National Hockey League team, Jets players were known to try to hit the painting with pucks during practice.{{citation| url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9117521/queen-elizabeth-painting-winnipeg-arena/| last=Lambert| first=Steve| title=Plans underway to display massive painting of Queen Elizabeth from old Winnipeg Arena| date=9 September 2022| publisher=Global News| accessdate=25 March 2023}}

When the Jets left the city for Phoenix, Arizona, in 1996, the portrait remained in the arena for another three years, thereafter being purchased by Syd Davy, President of the Royal Commonwealth Society, and then Vancouver-based singer-songwriter Tim Lawson, who put it in storage in Whitby, Ontario. The present owner, Ron D'Errico, has willed it to Brent Fitz; though, D'Errico would like to see it installed at the Canada Life Centre, where the Jets now play;{{citation| url=https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/winnipeg-arena-s-famed-queen-elizabeth-ii-portrait-returning-to-public-view-1.6062501#:~:text=The%20painting%20was%20commissioned%20in,it%20was%20removed%20in%201999.| last=McKendrick| first=Devon| title=Winnipeg Arena's famed Queen Elizabeth II portrait returning to public view| date=9 September 2022| publisher=CTV News| accessdate=25 March 2023}} the corporate ownership has not been receptive. It was put on display outside the Canada Life Centre when Winnipeg hosted the 2016 Heritage Classic and at Polo Park mall, near where Winnipeg Arena used to stand, as a form of tribute following the death of Elizabeth II in 2022.{{citation| url=https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/iconic-portrait-of-queen-elizabeth-ii-on-display-at-winnipeg-mall-1.6071849| last=Unger| first=Danton| title=Iconic portrait of Queen Elizabeth II on display at Winnipeg mall| date=16 September 2022| publisher=CTV News| accessdate=25 March 2023}}

{{main|History of monarchy in Canada}}

File:Charles II (1675).jpg in 1675]]

King Charles II in 1670 founded the Hudson's Bay Company by a royal charter{{citation| url=http://www.hbcheritage.ca/hbcheritage/collections/archival/charter/charter.as| title=Royal Charter of the Hudson's Bay Companyp| publisher=Hudson's Bay Company| accessdate=3 January 2017}} that applied to the entire Hudson's Bay drainage basin, including the entirety of what is today Manitoba.{{citation| url=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/archives/5thedition/environment/water/mcr4055| url-status=dead| author=Natural Resouces Canada| title=The National Atlas of Canada| year=1985| edition=5th| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=24 November 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304184849/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/archives/5thedition/environment/water/mcr4055| archive-date=4 March 2011}} The King gave governorship of the company to his cousin, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, and the territory came to be known as Rupert's Land.

When, in 1869, the newly confederated Canada sought to buy Rupert's Land from the United Kingdom,{{cite wikisource| title=Rupert's Land and North-Western Territory Order| date=23 June 1870}} the Anglo-Métis and francophone Métis who comprised the Red River Colony,{{Citation| url=https://archive.org/stream/redriver00harggoog#page/n181/mode/1up| last=Hargrave| first=Joseph James| title=Red River| page=182| publisher=Printed for the author by J. Lovell| date=1871| location=Montreal| oclc=5035707}} became concerned that their way of life would be threatened by increased Canadian migration, including possible confiscation of their farmland, to which they had only a tenuous right of occupancy.{{Citation| url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/ritchot_noel_joseph_13E.html| url-status=live| last=Richot| first=Noël-Joseph| title=Dictionary of Canadian Biography| accessdate=20 May 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423035806/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/ritchot_noel_joseph_13E.html| archive-date=23 April 2021}} Louis Riel emerged as a Métis leader who asserted he and the Métis were loyal subjects of Queen Victoria,{{Citation| url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/riel_louis_1844_85_11E.html| url-status=live| last=Riel| first=Louis| title=Dictionary of Canadian Biography| accessdate=7 December 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212055306/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/riel_louis_1844_85_11E.html| archive-date=12 December 2017}} the then-reigning monarch of the UK and, consequently, Canada. (The Red River Colony's provisional government celebrated Victoria's birthday with a show of skill at the militia's drill.{{citation| url=https://resistancemothers.wordpress.com/on-the-wedge-of-empire/1870-red-river-chronology-part-4-2d-canadian-attack-on-upper-fort-garry-and-red-river-democracy-2-local-men-mortally-wounded/red-river-responders-patriotes-military-settlement-guard-1869/| author=Red River Métis Genealogies| title=Red River Responders: Patriotes/Military/Settlement Guard 1869–1870|

publisher=Mothers of the Resistance 1869-1870| accessdate=13 March 2024}}{{citation| title=The Queen's Birth-Day| newspaper=New Nation| date=27 May 1870| page=2}}) However, tensions within the Métis community and with the Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories' Canadian government-appointed designate, William McDougal, led to the Red River Rebellion, in which Fort Garry was taken by Riel.

The Queen's Canadian representative, Governor General the Lord Lisgar, was advised by his Prime Minister, John A. Macdonald, to proclaim, on 6 December, an amnesty for all in the Red River area who would lay down their arms.{{citation| url=https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-3040-e.html| url-status=live| author=Library and Archives Canada| title=Manitoba (1870)| date=26 March 2015| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=10 May 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602011427/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-3040-e.html| archive-date=2 June 2015}}{{cite journal| last1=Martin| first1=Joseph E.| title=Titans| journal=Canada's History| date=2017| volume=97| issue=5| pages=47–53| issn=1920-9894}} Though the offer was ignored, negotiations between Riel's provisional government and the Canadian Cabinet continued and, on 12 May 1870, Lisgar granted royal assent to the Canadian parliament's Manitoba Act, 1870, creating an area around Winnipeg as the province of Manitoba.{{cite wikisource| title=Manitoba Act, 1870| date=12 May 1870}}

In the aftermath of the Red River Rebellion, Lisgar's viceregal successor, the Earl of Dufferin, prevented the execution of Ambroise Lépine, a supporter of Riel who had executed Thomas Scott. Although Scott had been the son a tenant on Dufferin's estate in Northern Ireland, Dufferin heeded appeals from francophones in Quebec who were sympathetic to the Métis and reduced Lépine's sentence to two years in jail.{{citation| url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/frederick-temple-blackwood-1st-marquess-of-dufferin-and-ava| last=Harris| first=Carolyn| title=Lord Dufferin| date=22 September 2017| encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia| publisher=Historica Canada| accessdate=13 March 2024}}

In 1912,{{Citation| url=http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/Misc/mbea_1912.html| url-status=live| title=Manitoba Boundaries Extension Act, 1912| publisher=Solon| accessdate=3 October 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111182618/https://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/Misc/mbea_1912.html| archive-date=11 November 2020}} parts were put in the jurisdiction of the Crown in Right of Manitoba, to form the province's current borders.

File:Crowds of Winnipeggers wave at His Majesty King George VI and Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth.jpg and Queen Elizabethh in Winnipeg, 1939]]

File:Manitoba Platinum Jubilee Medal.jpg]]

Princess Anne and her elder brother, Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, presided over the celebrations of the centennial of Manitoba's entry into Confederation in 1870.{{cite web| url=http://lg.gov.mb.ca/history/house/second/bed.html| last=Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba| title=History > Government House > The Royal Bedroom| publisher=Queen's Printer for Manitoba| access-date=2 July 2009}}{{cite news| url=http://www.thewhig.com/2013/10/18/princess-annes-visit-strengthens-bond-with-kingston| last=Harris| first=Caroline| title=Princess Anne's visit strengthens bond with Kingston| date=18 October 2013| newspaper=Kingston Whig-Standard| access-date=14 February 2022}}

In 2022, Manitoba instituted a provincial Platinum Jubilee medal to mark the Queen's seventy years on the Canadian throne; the first time in Canada's history that a royal occasion was commemorated on provincial medals.{{cite web| url=https://news.gov.mb.ca/news/?archive=&item=54338|date=28 April 2022| publisher=Manitoba| title=Manitoba Government Announces Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal}}

• Symbols of Manitoba
• Monarchy in Canada

{{reflist|2}}

• {{Citation| first=John| last=Harvard| author-link=John Harvard (politician)| editor-last=Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba| contribution=Address by The Honourable John Harvard, PC, OM, Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba to the Glendale Country Club| contribution-url=http://lg.gov.mb.ca/activities/speeches/septoct-2006/glendale.html| title=Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba| date=12 October 2006| place=Winnipeg| publisher=Queen's Printer for Manitoba| url=http://lg.gov.mb.ca}}
• [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/manitobans-queen-elizabeth-birthday-tea-1.3547731 Manitobans who share Queen Elizabeth's birthday celebrate at tea] at CBC
• [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/diamond-jubilee-queen-elizabeth-manitoba-1.6341541 As Queen Elizabeth marks Platinum Jubilee, what does monarchy mean in Manitoba?] at CBC

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Category:Politics of Manitoba