Monmu period

The adoption of the Sexagenary cycle calendar (Jikkan Jūnishi) in Japan is attributed to Empress Suiko in 604;Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jikkan Jūnishi" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|Japan Encyclopedia, p. 420|page=420}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }} and this Chinese calendar continued in use throughout the Mommu period.

In 645, the system of {{nihongo|Japanese era names|年号|nengō|"year name"}} was introduced.Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|Annales des empereurs du Japon, p. 30.|page=30}} However, after the reign of Emperor Kōtoku, this method of segmenting time was temporarily abandoned or allowed to lapse. This interval continued during the Monmu period.

Neither Empress Mommu's reign nor the Monmu periodization are included in the list of nengō for this explicit duration of time, which comes after Suchō and before Taihō.

In the post-Taika or pre-Taihō chronology, the first year of Emperor Monmu's reign (文武天皇元年 or 文武統皇1年) is also construed as the first year of the Mommu period (文武1年).Tsuchihashi, Paul. (1952). [https://books.google.com/books?id=0HfrAAAAMAAJ&q=saimei Japanese Chronological Tables from 601 to 1872, p. 16].

Non-nengō periods in the pre-Taihō calendar were published in 1880 by William Bramsen. These were refined in 1952 by Paul Tsuchihashi in Japanese Chronological Tables from 601 to 1872.

The pre-Tahiō calendar included two non-nengō gaps or intervals in the chronological series:

:*Taika, August 645–February 650.Nussbaum, "Taika" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC| p. 924.|page=924}}

:*Hakuchi, February 650–December 654.Nussbaum, "Hakuchi" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 280|page=280}}.

:**Non-nengō dating systems

:*Shuchō, July–September 686.Nussbaum, "Shuchō" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC| p. 889|page=889}}.

:**Non-nengō dating systems

:*Taihō, March 701–May 704.

Nengō were not promulgated (or were allowed to lapse) during the gap years between Hakuchi and Shuchō, and in another gap between Shuchō and Taihō.

• 697 (Mommu 1): Empress Jitō abdicates; and her son receives the succession (senso). Shortly thereafter, Emperor Mommu formally accedes to the throne (sokui).Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 44. [A distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.]
• 697 (Mommu 1): A new period could be said to have commenced at the beginning of the reign of any of the Japanese sovereigns after Kōtoku and including Mommu

• Regnal name
• List of Japanese era names

{{reflist|1}}

• Bramsen, William. (1880). Japanese Chronological Tables: Showing the Date, According to the Julian or Gregorian Calendar, of the First Day of Each Japanese Month, from Tai-kwa 1st year to Mei-ji 6th year (645 AD to 1873 AD): with an Introductory Essay on Japanese Chronology and Calendars. Tokyo: Seishi Bunsha. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35728014 OCLC 35728014]
• Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323 OCLC 251325323]
• Murray, David. (1894). The Story of Japan. New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1016340 OCLC 1016340]
• Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC Japan encyclopedia.] Cambridge: Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]
• Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan The Imperial House of Japan.] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
• Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran Annales des empereurs du Japon.] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
• Tsuchihashi, Paul Yashita, S.J. (1952). {{nihongo|Japanese chronological tables from 601 to 1872|邦曆西曆對照表: 自推古九年至明治五年|Hōreki seireki taishōhyō: Suiko kyūnen yori Meiji gonen ni itaru|}}. Tokyo: Sophia University. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/001291275 OCLC 001291275]
• Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6042764 OCLC 6042764]
• Zöllner, Reinhard. (2003). Japanische Zeitrechnung: ein Handbuch Munich: Iudicium Verlag. {{ISBN|978-3-89129-783-4}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/249297777 OCLC 249297777]

• {{Commonscatinline|Monmu period}}
• National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ – historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

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| years = Nengō in abeyance }}

{{s-aft| rows = 2 | after = Taihō era }}

{{s-bef| before = Jitō period }}

{{s-ttl| title = Monmu period

| years = Reign of Emperor Monmu
(686–697)}}

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{{Japanese era name}}

Category:Japanese eras

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