Monocarboxylate transporter 2

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}

{{Infobox_gene}}

Monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) also known as solute carrier family 16 member 7 (SLC16A7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC16A7 gene.{{cite journal |vauthors=Garcia CK, Goldstein JL, Pathak RK, Anderson RG, Brown MS | title = Molecular characterization of a membrane transporter for lactate, pyruvate, and other monocarboxylates: implications for the Cori cycle | journal = Cell | volume = 76 | issue = 5 | pages = 865–73 |date=Apr 1994 | pmid = 8124722 | doi =10.1016/0092-8674(94)90361-1| s2cid = 22137883 }} MCT2 is a proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter. It catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactic acid, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine, and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. It also functions as high-affinity pyruvate transporter.

Both Northern blot analysis and inspection of the human expressed sequence tag (EST) database suggest relatively little expression of MCT2 in human tissues. As well, the sequence of MCT2 is far less conserved across species than that of MCT1 or MCT4 and there also appear to be considerable species differences in the tissue expression profile of this isoform.

Of the four known mammalian lactate transporters (MCTs 1-4), MCT2 harbors the highest affinity for lactate.{{cite journal |author=Halestrap AP | title = The monocarboxylate transporter family--Structure and functional characterization | journal = IUBMB Life | volume = 64 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–9 |date=Jan 2012 | pmid =22131303 | doi =10.1002/iub.573| s2cid = 24460891 | doi-access = }} In parallel, MCT2 gene transcription has been demonstrated to respond with high-sensitivity to hypoxia, intracellular pH, and, to lactate.{{cite journal |vauthors=Caruso JP, Koch BJ, Benson PD, Varughese E, Monterey MD, Lee AE, Dave AM, Kiousis S, Sloan AE, Mathupala SP | title = pH, Lactate, and Hypoxia: Reciprocity in Regulating High-Affinity Monocarboxylate Transporter Expression in Glioblastoma | journal = Neoplasia | volume = 19 | issue = 2 | pages = 121–134 | date=Feb 2017 | pmid = 28092823 | pmc =5238458 | doi =10.1016/j.neo.2016.12.011}}