Monognathus
{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Monognathus jesperseni 2.jpg
| image_caption = M. jesperseni
| parent_authority = Trewavas, 1937{{cite journal |last1=Van Der Laan |first1=Richard |last2=Eschmeyer |first2=William N. |last3=Fricke |first3=Ronald |title=Family-group names of Recent fishes |journal=Zootaxa |date=11 November 2014 |volume=3882 |issue=1 |pages=1–230 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 |pmid=25543675 |doi-access=free }}
| taxon = Monognathus
| authority = Bertin, 1936
| display_parents = 3
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 15, see text.
| synonyms = * Phasmatostoma Myers, 1940
| synonyms_ref = {{Cof family|family=Monognathidae|access-date=9 November 2024}}
}}
Monognathus, or onejaw, is the only genus of the family Monognathidae of deep-sea eels. The name comes from the Greek monos meaning "one" and gnathos meaning "jaw", a reference to the large mouth in comparison with the rest of the fish, and also the absence of an upper jaw (maxilla and premaxilla bones are absent).{{Cite book|last1=BÖHLKE|first1=EUGENIA B.|title=Orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes: Part 9, Volume 1|last2=BÖHLKE|first2=JAMES E.|last3=LEIBY|first3=MARK M.|last4=McCOSKER|first4=JOHN E.|last5=BERTELSEN|first5=E.|last6=ROBINS|first6=CATHERINE H.|last7=ROBINS|first7=C. RICHARD|last8=SMITH|first8=DAVID G.|last9=TIGHE|first9=KENNETH A.|date=1989|publisher=Yale University Press|jstor=j.ctvbcd0dm|isbn=978-1-933789-19-4}}
Description
The dorsal and anal fins lack bony supports and the pectoral fins are missing. The snout has a fang connected to glands, which are venomous in adults.{{Cite journal|last1=Poulsen|first1=Jan Y.|last2=Miller|first2=Michael J.|last3=Sado|first3=Tetsuya|last4=Hanel|first4=Reinhold|last5=Tsukamoto|first5=Katsumi|last6=Miya|first6=Masaki|date=2018-07-25|title=Resolving deep-sea pelagic saccopharyngiform eel mysteries: Identification of Neocyema and Monognathidae leptocephali and establishment of a new fish family "Neocyematidae" based on larvae, adults and mitogenomic gene orders|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=13|issue=7|pages=e0199982|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0199982|issn=1932-6203|pmc=6059418|pmid=30044814|bibcode=2018PLoSO..1399982P|doi-access=free}} These eels are virtually blind, with rudimentary eyes and small olfactory organs, although the male olfactory organs are enlarged, perhaps suggesting a method of "sniffing out" a mate.
Typical lengths are from 4 to 10 cm (1.5–4 in), the maximum length recorded is 15.9 cm (6.3 in).
Distribution
They are found at depths of over 2,000 m (6,600 ft), and are found in all oceans.{{FishBase family | family = Monognathidae | month = June| year = 2011}}
Species
The fifteen known species are:
- Monognathus ahlstromi Raju, 1974 (Paddletail onejaw)
- Monognathus berteli J. G. Nielsen & Hartel, 1996.
- Monognathus bertini Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
- Monognathus boehlkei Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
- Monognathus bruuni Bertin, 1936.
- Monognathus herringi Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
- Monognathus isaacsi Raju, 1974.
- Monognathus jesperseni Bertin, 1936.
- Monognathus jesse Raju, 1974.
- Monognathus nigeli Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
- Monognathus ozawai Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
- Monognathus rajui Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
- Monognathus rosenblatti Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
- Monognathus smithi Bertelsen & J. G. Nielsen, 1987.
- Monognathus taningi Bertin, 1936.
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Eel topics}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1308119}}
Category:Taxa named by Léon Bertin
{{Saccopharyngiformes-stub}}