Monohalomethane
| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" |
| Name
|Fluoromethane |Chloromethane |Bromomethane |Iodomethane |
| Melting point
|−137,8 °C{{GESTIS|Name=Fluoromethane|ZVG=490961|CAS=593-53-3|Date=2020-02-29}} |−97,4 °C{{GESTIS|Name=Chloromethane|ZVG=11220|CAS=74-87-3|Date=2020-02-29}} |−93,7 °C{{GESTIS|ZVG=31600|CAS=74-83-9|Name=Bromomethane|Date=2020-02-29}} |−66 °C{{GESTIS|Name=Iodomethane|ZVG=28110|CAS=74-88-4|Date=2020-02-29}} |
| Boiling point |
| Space-filling model |
The monohalomethanes are organic compounds in which a hydrogen atom in methane is replaced by a halogen. They belong to the haloalkanes or to the subgroup of halomethanes.
The four common{{efn|Highly radioactive {{chem2|CH3At}} (methyl astatide) has been detected.{{cite web|url=https://speciation.net/Database/Links/Chemical-Fact-Sheet-Astatine-;i2487|title=Chemical Fact Sheet: Astatine|publisher=European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis (EVISA)}} The known isotopes of even heavier group 17 element, tennessine, are too short-lived to allow for chemical experimentation.}} members are fluoromethane, chloromethane, bromomethane and iodomethane.
Historical name for this group is methyl halides; it's still widely used. The compounds of this class are often described as {{chem2|CH3X}} or MeX (X - any halogen, Me - methyl group).
Related compounds
{{See also|Group 14 hydride#Tetrahydrides|l1=Group 14 tetrahydride}}
There are analogs with more than one hydrogen atom in methane is replaced by a halogen:
- Dihalomethane, {{chem2|CH2X2}}, two hydrogen atoms replaced
- Trihalomethane, {{chem2|CHX3}}, three hydrogen atoms replaced
- Tetrahalomethane, {{chem2|CX4}}, all four hydrogen atoms replaced
Analogs with carbon atom replaced with a heavier group 14 element are also known:
See also
- Methyl halide transferase, an enzyme producing some methyl halides
Notes
{{notelist}}