Monument to Humanity
{{Short description|Former sculpture by Mehmet Aksoy}}
{{expand language|topic=|langcode=hy|otherarticle=|date=July 2016}}
{{Italic title}}
File:Monument to Humanity by Mehmet Aksoy in Kars, Turkey (cropped).jpg
Monument to Humanity ({{langx|tr|İnsanlık Anıtı}}, {{langx|hy|Մարդկության հուշարձան|Mardkut'yan hushardzan|Monument of Humanity}}) was a nearly completed statue in Kars, Turkey. Created by Turkish artist Mehmet Aksoy, the {{convert|30|m|ft|adj=mid|-tall}} monument stood atop Kazıktepe, across from the ancient Castle of Kars. Visible from neighboring Armenia, the statue depicted two halves of a man, each reaching to hold the other's hand.{{sfn|Alyanak|2012|p=35}}{{cite news |title=Monument to symbolize peace, unity |newspaper=Turkish Daily News |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/h.php?news=monument-to-symbolize-peace-unity-2008-04-10 |date=10 April 2008 |access-date=29 January 2011}} The monument was demolished in April 2011, only months after being criticized by then–prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as a "freak"{{cite news |title=Turkey-Armenia friendship symbol being demolished |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13199787 |date=26 April 2011 |access-date=27 July 2016}} or "monstrosity".{{cite news |author=Sibel Hürtaş |title=Erdogan fined $3,800 for insulting peace monument |publisher=Al Monitor |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/en/originals/2015/03/turkey-monument-erdogan-fined-for-disparaging.html |date=10 March 2015 |access-date=27 July 2016}}
Background
The statue was commissioned by the Kars municipality as a gesture of reconciliation in Armenia–Turkey relations following the Zurich Protocols, a 2009 accord to establish formal diplomatic recognition between the two countries.{{cite news |title=İnsanlık Anıtı yıkılacak |newspaper=Hurriyet |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/16720109.asp |date=9 January 2011 |access-date=30 April 2011 |language=tr}} Then–mayor of Kars, {{Interlanguage link multi|Naif Alibeyoğlu|tr}}, referred to the statue as "his dream," that would help bring together the "brothers and sisters" of the two nations.{{sfn|Alyanak|2012|p=36}}
However, the statue was also criticized, because it was erected without any consultation with the Armenian community, and represented a one-sided imposition rather than "reconciliation".{{cite book |last1=Erbal |first1=Ayda |title=The Armenian Genocide Legacy |date=2016 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-137-56163-3 |pages=212–226 |language=en |chapter=Lost in Translation: The Monument's Deconstruction}} Egemen Özbek writes:
{{quote|the use of the blanket category "humanity" obscures crucial cultural and political differences between ethno-religious groups, and difference in responsibility for, and benefits from, the Armenian genocide... a commemorative project that does not engage with questions of historical responsibility, recognition, and justice runs the risk of eternalizing the post-genocide status quo which favors the Turkish position and reproduces an asymmetry of power, without recognizing historical wrongs committed against the Armenians.{{cite journal |last1=Özbek |first1=Egemen |title=The Destruction of the Monument to Humanity: Historical Conflict and Monumentalization |journal=International Public History |date=2018 |volume=1 |issue=2 |doi=10.1515/iph-2018-0011|s2cid=166208121 }}}}
Demolition
Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan described the monument as a "freak" or a "monstrosity" ({{langx|tr|ucube|links=no}}) during a visit to Kars on 8 January 2011. In spite of protests, the city authority decided to remove the statue.
On 26 April 2011, demolition began with the dismounting of the sculpture's two heads, which Armenian sources considered effectively a decapitation.{{cite news |author=Nanore Barsoumian |title='Ucube' Decapitated in Kars: 'Monument to Humanity' Demolition Underway |newspaper=Armenian Weekly |url=http://armenianweekly.com/2011/05/11/ucube-decapitated-in-kars/ |date=11 May 2011 |access-date=27 July 2016}} Aksoy also said "I felt as if my children were being beheaded." An official statement by the demolition company stated: "In order to dismantle it, first the head will be cut off and taken down with the help of a crane. Then, in the following ten days, the statue will be dismembered into 20 pieces."{{cite news |title=İnsanlık Anıtı Direniyor |trans-title=Statue of Humanity Withstands |agency=Anadolu Ajansı |url=http://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/insanlik-aniti-direniyor,J90CoABL4kyxSjKLtXLZ4g |date=25 April 2011}} The demolition was completed on 14 June 2011.{{sfn|Alyanak|2012|p=33}}
While Erdoğan insisted that this was merely a question of aesthetics, international observers believed the demolition an attempt to appeal to nationalist sentiment ahead of the 2011 general election,{{cite news |title=Two vast and ugly blocks of stone |newspaper=The Economist |url=http://www.economist.com/node/17905911 |date=13 January 2011}} concurring with Aksoy, who said Erdoğan was "maneuvering to consolidate his reactionary base in the run-up to elections," and that he "bagged the vote of local Azeris," who denounced extending a hand to Armenia.
Aftermath
As a response to Erdoğan's comments, Aksoy filed a lawsuit against Erdoğan for insulting him. Erdoğan's lawyer claimed it was a critique rather than an insult, but on 3 March 2015, an Istanbul court fined Erdoğan 10,000 Turkish lira for the insult, a ruling that was termed "a refreshing move by the Turkish judiciary" by oppositional commentator Sibel Hürtaş. However later on, a local court overturned that verdict.{{Cite web |title=Constitutional Court: Demolition of 'Monument of Humanity' a Right Violation |url=https://bianet.org/haber/constitutional-court-demolition-of-monument-of-humanity-a-right-violation-210408 |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=Bianet.org |language=en}} Aksoy announced he would spend the money for a Nevruz Day party with his friends,{{cite news |author=Umut Erdem |title=Artist 'to party with' Erdoğan's money |work=Hurriyet Daily News |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/artist-to-party-with-erdogans-money.aspx?pageID=238&nID=79207&NewsCatID=341 |date=5 March 2015 |access-date=5 March 2015}} thereby directing haram (Arabic for "immoral") money to its adequately haram purpose. In July 2019, the Constitutional Court ruled that its demolition violated Aksoy's freedom of expression and that he shall be compensated.Ruken Tuncel, "[http://bianet.org/english/human-rights/210408-constitutional-court-demolition-of-monument-of-humanity-a-right-violation Constitutional Court: Demolition of 'Monument of Humanity' a Right Violation]", Bianet, 12 July 2019
References
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=Literature=
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- {{cite journal |last=Alyanak |first=Oğuz |year=2012 |title=Facing the Ghosts of the "Statue of Humanity" |journal=Lights |publisher=Middle Eastern Studies Students Association at the University of Chicago (MESSA) |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=33–46 |url=https://www.academia.edu/3289107}}
{{refend}}
External links
- [http://fotogaleri.hurriyet.com.tr/galeridetay.aspx?cid=43363&rid=2 Image gallery at Hürriyet]
- Iğdır Genocide Memorial and Museum, the tallest standing monument in Turkey
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Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 2011
Category:Armenian genocide commemoration
Category:Armenia–Turkey relations