Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations
{{Short description|Monument}}
{{Infobox monument
| name = Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = de
| image = Ehrenmal der Radiologie (Hamburg-St. Georg).1.ajb.jpg
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| location = St George's Hospital, St Georg, Hamburg, Germany
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| complete = {{Start date|1936|04|04|df=y}}
| dedicated_to = Early radiology workers who died as a result
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| coordinates = {{Coord|53.559082|10.019790|type:landmark_region:DE|display=inline,title}}
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| mapframe-zoom = 14
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The Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations (also known as the X-ray Martyrs' Memorial) is a memorial in Hamburg, Germany, commemorating those who died due to their work with the use of radiation, particularly X-rays, in medicine.{{cite journal|year=1936|title=Memorial to X-ray Martyrs|journal=The British Journal of Radiology |volume=9 |issue=102 |pages=351–353 |issn=0007-1285 |doi=10.1259/0007-1285-9-102-351}}{{Cite book| publisher = OUP Oxford| isbn = 978-0-19-166970-5| last1 = Thomas| first1 = Adrian M. K.| last2 = Banerjee| first2 = Arpan K.| title = The History of Radiology |year=2013}}{{Cite book| publisher = CRC Press| isbn = 978-0-7503-0224-1| last = Mould| first = R. F.| title = A Century of X-Rays and Radioactivity in Medicine: With Emphasis on Photographic Records of the Early Years |year=1993}}{{cite web|url=http://www.slideshare.net/rgkritam/history-of-ionizing-radiation|title=History of ionizing radiation|last=Joarder|first=Ritam|date=22 February 2014|work=SlideShare|accessdate=27 November 2016}} It was unveiled on the grounds of St Georg (St George's) Hospital (now the {{lang|de|Asklepios Klinik St Georg}}), on 4 April 1936 by the {{lang|de|Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft}} (the Röntgen Society of Germany).{{cite web |url=http://learningradiology.com/museum/humilityhome.html |title=Museum of Modern Imaging |accessdate=27 November 2016}}{{cite journal |last=Owen |first=Morris |year=1962 |title=Australian X-Ray Martyrs |journal=Australasian Radiology |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=90–93 |issn=0004-8461 |doi=10.1111/j.1440-1673.1962.tb01097.x}}
When unveiled, the memorial included 169 names, from fifteen nations, listed alphabetically;{{cite web|url=http://library.uvm.edu/dana/news/?p=1977|title=The Miracle and the Martyrs|work=Dana News & Events|accessdate=27 November 2016}} by 1959 there were 359, with the additions listed on four separate stone plaques, beside the original columnar stone memorial.
Inscription
The memorial's inscription may be translated as:
{{Blockquote|
To the doctors, physicists, chemists, technicians, laboratory assistants and nurses
who sacrificed their lives in the fight against disease.
They were valiant pioneers in the effective
and safe use of X-rays and radium in medicine.
Immortal is the glory of the work of the dead.}}
Book
An accompanying book, {{lang|de|Ehrenbuch der Radiologen aller Nationen}} (Book of Honour of radiologists of all nations) gives biographies of those commemorated. Three editions have been produced, the most recent in 1992.{{Cite book|first1=W. |last1=Molineus |first2=H. |last2=Holthusen |first3=H. |last3=Meyer |title=Ehrenbuch der Radiologen aller Nationen |location=Berlin |year=1992 |edition=3rd |isbn=3-89412-132-7}}
Names
The names of those commemorated include:
- Heinrich Albers-Schönberg (1865–1921)
- Gustav Baer (1865–1925)
- Frederick Henry Baetjer (1874–1933)
- Burton Eugene Baker (1871–1913)
- Leonhard Baumeister (1874–1953)
- Eugen Beaujard (1874–1937)
- Jean Bergonié (1857–1925)
- Elis Berven (1885–1966)
- Reginald Blackall (-1925){{cite journal|year=1956|title=Radiation Martyrs|journal=The British Journal of Radiology|volume=29|issue=341|pages=273|issn=0007-1285|doi=10.1259/0007-1285-29-341-273}}{{cite web|url=http://www.leighlives.co.uk/reginald-george-griffiths-blackall|title=Reginald George griffiths Blackall|work=Leigh Lives|accessdate=27 November 2016}}
- Barry Blacken
- Joseph Boine (1883–1935)
- Percy Brown (?–1950)
- William Ironside Bruce (1879–1921){{cite web|url=https://blog.bir.org.uk/2014/11/03/the-advent-of-radiation-protection-through-ww1-radiology-martyrs/|title=The advent of radiation protection through WWI radiology martyrs|last=Thomas|first=Adrian|date=3 November 2014|publisher=British Instuitute of Radiology|accessdate=27 November 2016}}
- Eugene Wilson Caldwell (1870–1918)
- Joaquim Roberto Cavalho (1893–1944)
- Felipe Carriazo (1854–1919)
- Edmond Castex (1868–1931)
- Ettore Castronovo (1894–1954)
- Alfred Cerné (1856–1937)
- Frederick W. D. Collier
- Antonio Coppola (?–1922)
- Marie Curie (1867-1934)
- Alois Czepa (1886–1931)
- Fritz Dautwitz (1877–1932)
- Friedrich Dessauer (1881–1963)
- Étienne Destot (1864–1918)
- Walter Dodd (-1916)
- Jonn Duken (1889–1954)
- Gyula Elischer von Thurzóbánya (1875–1929)
- Arthur W. Erskine (1885–1952)
- Johan Frederik Fischer (1868–1922)
- Frederick R. Forster
- William Hope Fowler (1876–1933)
- Shigeo Furuya (1891–1955)
- Fritz Giesel (1852–1927)
- {{illm|Hermann Gocht|qid=Q1611226|reasonator=1}} (1869–1938)
- Maximilian Gortan (1873–ca. 1936)
- {{illm|Fedor Haenisch|qid=Q17540549|reasonator=1}} (1874–1952)
- John Hall-Edwards (1858–1926)
- Anna Hamann (1894–1969)
- Joseph Gilbert Hamilton (1907–1957)
- Georges Haret (1874–1932)
- H. Harris
- Georg Heber (1872–1931)
- Guido Holzknecht (1872–1931)
- Hermann Hopf (-after 1928)
- Friedrich Janus (1875–1951)
- {{illm|Rudolf Jedlička|qid=Q2173070|reasonator=1}} (1869–1926)
- Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956)
- James Philip Kerby (1886–1952)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Klingelfuss (1859–1932)
- {{illm|Paul Lazarus (radiologist)|lt=Paul Lazarus|qid=Q1650325|reasonator=1}} (1873–1957)
- Charles Lester Leonard (1861–1913)
- Adolphe Leray (1865–1926)
- {{illm|Max Levy-Dorn|qid=Q1912957|reasonator=1}} (1863–1929)
- Félix Lobligeois (1874–1941)
- Bertram V. A. Low-Beer (1900–1955)
- Cecil Lyster (1859–1920){{cite web|url=http://www.dundee.ac.uk/museum/exhibitions/madetomeasure/xray/|title=The History of X-rays in Dundee|publisher=University of Dundee|accessdate=27 November 2016}}
- Robert Hermann Machlett (1872–1926)
- Hilde Maier-Smereker (1893–1954)
- Stanley Melville (1867–1934)
- Lawrie Morrison (-1933)
- José Casimiro Carteado Mena (1876–1949)
- {{illm|Carl Heinrich Florenz Müller|qid=Q1038658|reasonator=1}} (1845–1912)
- John Murphy (1885–1944)
- Takashi Nagai (1908–1951)
- George Harrison Orton (1873–1947)
- Ernest Payne (?–1936)
- George Alexander Pirie
- Mario Ponzio (1885–1956)
- James R. Riddell
- {{illm|Blandina Ridder|qid=Q101478|reasonator=1}} (1871–1916)
- Heber Robarts (1852–1922)
- Jacob Rosenblatt (1872–1928)
- Francis Le Roy Satterlee (1881–1935)
- {{illm|Arthur Schaarschmidt|qid=Q25906249|reasonator=1}} (1879-1959)
- Erno Schiffer (1893-1951)
- Otto Schreiber (1882–1925)
- Fumiyo Shimadzu (1902–1967)
- Ernst Sommer (1872–1938)
- Adrien Celestin Marie Soret (?–1929)
- John W. L. Spence (1870-1930)
- Itsuma Suetsugu (1893–1965)
- Auguste-Jean-Baptiste Tauleigne (–1926)
- Benjamin Franklin Thomas (1850–1911)
- Dawson Turner (1857-1928)
- Tamonji Urano (1886–1954)
- Charles Vaillant (1872–1942)
- Ivanova-Podobed Sofia Vasilievna (1887–1953)
- Harry Fuller Waite (1872–1946)
- Hugh Walsham
- Louis Andrew Weigel (1854–1906)
- John Duncan White (?–1955)
- John Chisholm Williams
- Ernest Wilson (1871-1911)
- J. Young
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
Further reading
{{Commons category}}
- {{cite journal|year=2006|title=Das Ehrenmal der Radiologie in Hamburg|journal=RöFo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren|volume=178|issue=8|pages=753–756|issn=1438-9029|doi=10.1055/s-2006-948089|s2cid=260290535 }}
Category:Monuments and memorials in Germany
Category:1936 establishments in Germany