Morinda
{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Moringa (genus){{!}}Moringa}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = P Morc D5915.JPG
|image_caption = Morinda citrifolia
|image2 = Gentianales - Morinda yucatanensis - 3.jpg
|image2_caption = Morinda yucatanensis
|display_parents = 2
|taxon = Morinda
|authority = L.{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7805 |title=Genus: Morinda L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=1996-09-17 |access-date=2010-11-28}}
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
|synonyms =
Appunettia R.D.Good
Belicia Lundell
Bellynkxia Müll.Arg.
Gutenbergia Walp., orth. var.
Guttenbergia Zoll. & Moritzi
Imantina Hook.f.
Pogonanthus Montrouz.
Rojoc Adans.
Sarcopygme Setch. & Christoph.
Sphaerophora Blume
Stigmanthus Lour.
Stigmatanthus Roem. & Schult.
|synonyms_ref = {{cite web |title=Morinda L.. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A34941-1|access-date=2024-12-18 }}
}}
Morinda is a genus of flowering plants in the madder family, Rubiaceae. The generic name is derived from the Latin words morus "mulberry", from the appearance of the fruits, and indica, meaning "of India".{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaN-hLL-3qEC |first=Umberto |last=Quattrocchi |title=CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names |volume=III: M-Q |year=2000 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8493-2677-6 |page=1730}}
Description
Distributed in all tropical regions of the world, Morinda includes 80 species of trees, shrubs or vines. All Morinda species bear aggregate or multiple fruits that can be fleshy (like Morinda citrifolia) or dry.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FrdidPp6HuAC |first=A.V.S.S. |last=Sambamurty |title=Taxonomy of Angiosperms |publisher=I. K. International Pvt Ltd |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-88237-16-6 |page=404}} Most species of this genus originate in the area of Borneo, New Guinea, Northern Australia and New Caledonia.
In traditional Japanese, Korean and Chinese medicine, Morinda citrifolia is considered to be a herb with biological properties, although there is no confirmed evidence of clinical efficacy.{{cite journal | title=Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit--phytochemistry, pharmacology, safety | author=Potterat O, Hamburger M. | journal=Planta Med | year=2007 | volume=73 | issue=3 | pages=191–9 | pmid=17286240 | doi=10.1055/s-2007-967115| doi-access=free }}
Fossil record
The first fossil record for genus Morinda is from fruit of Morinda chinensis found in coal dated from the Eocene {{ma|Eocene|Oligocene|million years ago}} in the Changchang Basin of Hainan Island, South China.{{cite journal|title=First fruit fossil record of Morinda (Rubiaceae) from China|author=Xianggang Shi |author2=Jianhua Jin |author3=Chuangxing Ye |author4=Weiqiu Liu |journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology|volume=179|issue=1 July|year=2012|pages=13–16|doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.04.001|bibcode=2012RPaPa.179...13S }}
Species
Plants of the World Online currently (2024) includes:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
- Morinda angolensis {{Au|(R.D.Good) F.White}}
- Morinda angustifolia {{Au|Roxb.}}
- Morinda asteroscepa {{Au|K.Schum.}} (Malawi, Tanzania)
- Morinda bracteata {{Au|Roxb.}} (synonym M. citrifolia var. bracteata)
- Morinda buchii {{Au|Urb.}}
- Morinda carnosa {{Au|Venturina, E.E.L.Suarez & Alejandro}}
- Morinda chrysorhiza {{Au|(Thonn.) DC.}}
- Morinda citrifolia {{Au|L.}} – Noni, great morinda, aal (Indian Ocean)
- Morinda corneri {{Au|K.M.Wong}}
- Morinda elliptica {{Au|(Hook.f.) Ridl.}}
- Morinda fasciculata {{Au|Benth.}} (Ecuador)
- Morinda hoffmannioides {{Au|Standl.}}
- Morinda latibractea {{Au|Valeton}}
- Morinda leiantha {{Au|Kurz}}
- Morinda longiflora {{Au|G.Don}}
- Morinda longipetiolata {{Au|Steyerm.}}
- Morinda longissima {{Au|Y.Z.Ruan}}
- Morinda lucida {{Au|Benth.}}
- Morinda mefou {{Au|Cheek}}
- Morinda moaensis {{Au|Alain}}
- Morinda morindoides {{Au|(Baker) Milne-Redh.}}
- Morinda nana {{Au|Craib}}
- Morinda pacifica {{Au|(Reinecke) Razafim. & B.Bremer}}
- Morinda panamensis {{Au|Seem.}}
- Morinda pedunculata {{Au|Valeton}}
- Morinda persicifolia {{Au|Buch.-Ham.}}
- Morinda piperiformis {{Au|Miq.}}
- Morinda pubescens {{Au|Sm.}} (synonyms: Morinda coreia {{Au|Buch.-Ham.}}, Morinda tinctoria {{Au|Roxb.}})
- Morinda ramosa {{Au|(Lauterb.) Razafim. & B.Bremer}}
- Morinda rosiflora {{Au|Y.Z.Ruan}}
- Morinda royoc {{Au|L.}} (synonym M. yucatanensis Greenm.{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?7805 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212230941/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?7805 |archive-date=2012-12-12 |title=GRIN Species Records of Morinda |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2010-11-28 }})
- Morinda scabrida {{Au|Craib}}
- Morinda schultzei {{Au|Valeton}}
- Morinda sessiliflora {{Au|Bertol.}}
- Morinda talmyi {{Au|(Pit.) Chantar.}}
- Morinda titanophylla {{Au|E.M.A.Petit}}
- Morinda tomentosa {{Au|B.Heyne ex Roth}}
- Morinda turbacensis {{Au|Kunth}}
- Morinda undulata {{Au|Y.Z.Ruan}}
{{div col end}}
=Formerly placed here=
- Morinda jasminoides A.Cunn. – Sweet morinda (from Eastern Australia) is a synonym of Gynochthodes jasminoides
- Morinda officinalis F.C.How (from China) is a synonym of Gynochthodes officinalis
- Morinda trimera Hillebr. – Noni kuahiwi{{ITIS |id=35070 |taxon=Morinda |accessdate=2010-11-28}} (from Hawaii) is a synonym of Gynochthodes trimera.
- Morinda muscosa Jacq. is a synonym of Psychotria muscosa (Jacq.) Steyerm.
- Note: Plants in the former genus Appunettia are now considered synonymous with Morinda.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/rubiaceae/ World Checklist of Rubiaceae]
- {{Commons category inline}}
- {{Wikispecies inline}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q850491}}
{{Authority control}}