Morning Has Broken
{{Short description|1931 Christian hymn}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Morning Has Broken
| image = Eleanor Farjeon (Элеанор Фарджон).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Eleanor Farjeon circa 1899
| translation =
| key =
| catalogue =
| genre = Christian hymn (composer Martin Shaw)
| form =
| text = Eleanor Farjeon
| language = English
| meter = 5.5.5.4 D
| melody = "Bunessan"
| composed =
| performed = {{start date|1931|df=y}}
| published =
| movements =
| scoring =
| misc =
}}
"Morning Has Broken" is a Christian hymn first published in 1931. It has words by English author Eleanor Farjeon and was inspired by the village of Alfriston in East Sussex, then set to a traditional Scottish Gaelic tune, "Bunessan".{{cite web |url=https://hymnary.org/text/morning_has_broken |title=Morning Has Broken |website=Hymnary.org |access-date=19 September 2017}}
English pop musician and folk singer Cat Stevens included a version on his album Teaser and the Firecat (1971). The song became identified with Stevens due to the popularity of this recording. It reached number six on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, number one on the U.S. easy listening chart in 1972,Whitburn, Joel (1996). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 6th Ed. (Billboard Publications), and number four on the Canadian RPM magazine charts.
Origins
The hymn originally appeared in the second edition of Songs of Praise (published in 1931), to the tune "Bunessan", composed in the Scottish Islands. In Songs of Praise Discussed, the editor, Percy Dearmer, explains that as there was need for a hymn to give thanks for each day, English poet and children's author Eleanor Farjeon had been "asked to make a poem to fit the lovely Scottish tune." Farjeon later included a slight variation on the original hymn text under the new title, "A Morning Song (For the First Day of Spring)", in her collection of poems for children entitled The Children's Bells, published by Oxford University Press in 1957. The song is noted in {{music|time|9|4}} time but with a {{music|time|3|4}} feel.
After appearing in Lachlan MacBean's Songs and Hymns of the Gael, "Bunessan" was used in the Revised Church Hymnary (1927) and the Appendix (1936) to the Irish Church Hymnal (1919) paired with the nativity text "Child in the Manger" by the Scottish poet Mary MacDonald (1789–1872), who lived on the Isle of Mull and was born there, near the village of Bunessan, after which the tune is named. After its rise to popularity with Farjeon's text, the tune was used for the James Quinn hymns "Christ Be Beside Me" and "This Day God Gives Me", both texts adapted from the traditional Irish hymn "St. Patrick's Breastplate". Michael Saward's hymn "Baptized In Water" also uses the tune.
Text
| class="wikitable" |
| scope="col" | 1931 version, under the title "Thanks for a Day," as published in the hymnal 'Songs of Praise, 2nd ed.'
! scope="col" | 1957 version, under the title "A Morning Song (For the First Day of Spring)," as published in the anthology 'The Children's Bells' |
|---|
Like the first morning, Blackbird has spoken :Like the first bird. ::Praise for the singing! ::Praise for the morning! ::Praise for them, springing :::Fresh from the Word! Sweet the rain's new fall Sunlit from heaven, Like the first dewfall :On the first grass. ::Praise for the sweetness ::Of the wet garden, ::Sprung in completeness :::Where his feet pass. Mine is the sunlight! Mine is the morning Born of the one light :Eden saw play! ::Praise with elation, ::Praise every morning, ::God's re-creation | Like the first morning, Blackbird has spoken :Like the first bird. Praise for the singing! Praise for the morning! Praise for them, springing :From the first Word. Sweet the rain's new fall, Sunlit from heaven, Like the first dewfall :In the first hour. Praise for the sweetness Of the wet garden, Sprung in completeness :From the first shower. Mine is the sunlight! Mine is the morning Born of the one light :Eden saw play. Praise with elation, Praise every morning Spring's re-creation |
{{notelist}}
Cat Stevens recording
{{Infobox song
| name = Morning Has Broken
| cover = Morning Broken Cat Stevens.jpg
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = Cat Stevens
| album = Teaser and the Firecat
| B-side = "I Want to Live in a Wigwam"
| released = 7 January 1972{{Cite web |url=http://www.45cat.com/record/wip6121 |title=Cat Stevens - Morning Has Broken |publisher=45cat}}
| recorded = March 1971
| studio = Morgan Studios, London
| genre = Folk-pop{{cite book|title= Precious and Few - Pop Music in the Early '70s|first1=Don|last1=Breithaupt|first2= Jeff|last2= Breithaupt|date= October 15, 1996|chapter= Earth Shoes: Folk Pop|page= 78|publisher=St. Martin's Griffin|isbn=031214704X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RMPCAwAAQBAJ}}
| length = 3:20
| label = Island
| writer = {{Plainlist|
- Arranger: Cat Stevens
- Lyrics: Eleanor Farjeon
- Music: Bunessan (traditional)
- Additional music: Rick Wakeman
}}
| producer = Paul Samwell-Smith
| prev_title = Peace Train
| prev_year = 1971
| next_title = The First Cut Is the Deepest
| next_year = 1972
| misc = {{External music video|header=Official lyric video{{YouTube|DmAOBosGlHY|"Morning Has Broken"}}
| type = single}}
}}
Cat Stevens' recording, with piano arranged and performed by Rick Wakeman, led to international recognition of the song.
When shaping "Morning Has Broken" for recording, Stevens started with the hymn, which took around 45 seconds to sing in its basic form. Producer Paul Samwell-Smith told him he could never put something like that on an album, and that it had to be at least three minutes, though an acoustic demo of an early Stevens version lasts almost three minutes.{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jOAfw2GUUE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112065433/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jOAfw2GUUE |archive-date=2011-11-12 |url-status=dead|title=Cat Stevens - Morning Has Broken (Demo) |publisher=YouTube |date=2013-11-16 |access-date=2016-10-07}} Prior to the actual recording Stevens heard Wakeman play a rough sketch of what would later become "Catherine Howard" from his album The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1973). Stevens told Wakeman that he liked it and wanted something similar as the opening section, the closing section and, if possible, a middle section as well. Wakeman told Stevens he could not as it was his piece destined for a solo album, but Stevens persuaded him to adapt his composition.{{cite web |url=http://www.progressiveworld.net/wakeman4.html |title=Progressiveworld.net: Reviews by John "Bobo" Bollenberg |access-date=2009-10-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104221431/http://www.progressiveworld.net/wakeman4.html |archive-date=2009-11-04 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z47JkTlRlEQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/Z47JkTlRlEQ |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|title=Rick Wakeman telling the story of recording Morning has Broken with Cat Stevens |date=23 August 2014 |publisher=YouTube}}{{cbignore}} The single reached #9 on the UK Singles Chart and #6 on the US Billboard Hot 100 in 1972, becoming Stevens's most successful single on the latter chart (later tied by his rendition of "Another Saturday Night").
In 2000, Wakeman released an instrumental version of "Morning Has Broken" on an album of the same title. That same year he gave an interview on BBC Radio 5 Live in which he said he had agreed to perform on the Cat Stevens track for £10 and was "shattered" that he was omitted from the credits, adding that he never received the money either.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} In 2002, Wakeman said Stevens apologized for the original non-payment and had the record company pay him. Wakeman gave the money to one of Stevens' schools.{{cite web|url=https://vintagerock.com/the-rick-wakeman-interview-2020-word-for-word/|title=The Rick Wakeman Interview (2020): Word for Word|first=Shawn|last=Perry|year=2020|access-date=31 August 2024}} In March 2020, the pair performed the song at the Music for the Marsden charity concert at the O2 Arena in London.https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/rick-wakeman-and-yusuf-cat-stevens-perform-at-the-music-for-news-photo/1204962127
On a documentary aired on British television, Wakeman stated that he felt Stevens's version of "Morning Has Broken" was a very beautiful piece of music that had brought people closer to religious truth, for which he expressed satisfaction in having contributed.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} Wakeman included a 3:42 version on his 2017 album of piano arrangements, Piano Portraits.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}
The Stevens arrangement changes key four times, with the first, second, and fourth verses of the song in C major, while the instrumental introduction, third verse, and the instrumental ending are in D major.
Chart history
{{col-begin|width=67%}}
{{col-2}}
=Weekly charts=
{{col-2}}
=Year-end charts=
| class="wikitable sortable" |
| Chart (1972)
! style="text-align:center;"|Rank |
|---|
| Australia
| style="text-align:center;"|28 |
| Canada Top Singles (RPM){{cite magazine |title=RPM's Top 100 Singles of '72 |magazine=RPM|date=January 13, 1973|page=20}}
| style="text-align:center;"|38 |
| UK
| style="text-align:center;"|97 |
| US Billboard Hot 100{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1972.htm|title=Top 100 Hits of 1972/Top 100 Songs of 1972|website=www.musicoutfitters.com}}
| style="text-align:center;"|44 |
{{col-end}}
Certifications
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=single|region=Denmark|artist=Yusuf / Cat Stevens|title=Morning Has Broken|award=Gold|relyear=1972|certyear=2025|id=15072|access-date=20 February 2025}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=single|region=New Zealand|artist=Cat Stevens|title=Morning Has Broken|award=Platinum|relyear=1972|certyear=2024|source=radioscope|access-date=20 February 2025}}
{{Certification Table Entry|type=single|region=United Kingdom|artist=Cat Stevens|title=Morning Has Broken|award=Silver|relyear=2004|certyear=2024|access-date=23 February 2024|id=19749-1822-1}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true|noshipments=true|streaming=true}}
Other versions
The song has been recorded by many other artists, including The New Seekers, Judith Durham, Steven Curtis Chapman, Judy Collins, Michael Card, Floyd Cramer, Dana, Neil Diamond, Órla Fallon, Art Garfunkel, Ellen Greene, Esther Ofarim, Daliah Lavi, Joe Longthorne, Jojje Wadenius and Anni-Frid Lyngstad (2010),{{cite web|url=http://smdb.kb.se/catalog/id/002673919|title=Reconnection / Georg Wadenius|publisher=Svensk mediedatabas|language=sv|date=2010|access-date=10 January 2016}} The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square,{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwOzrF5hHTM |title=Morning Has Broken (20th Anniversary Remastered Edition) {{!}} The Tabernacle Choir |date=2023-05-04 |last=The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square |access-date=2024-07-24 |via=YouTube}} Nana Mouskouri, Aaron Neville, Kenny Rogers and the First Edition, Joseph McManners, Sister Janet Mead, Mary O'Hara, Demis Roussos, Third Day, The Brilliance, Pam Tillis, Hayley Westenra, Roger Whittaker, 2nd Chapter of Acts, Libera (choir), Richard Souther and Dana Winner.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}} A version by Isleville Symphonette reached No. 24 in the Canadian AC charts.{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/028020/f2/nlc008388.4182.pdf| title=RPM AC Singles - September 16, 1972}}
The song has been translated into German ("Schön ist der Morgen", performed by Nana Mouskouri, and by Jürgen Henkys "Morgenlicht leuchtet" and included in the hymnal of the Protestant Church in Germany, Evangelisches Gesangbuch, under Nr. 455, and also in the hymnal of the Protestant (Reformed) Church of Switzerland, RG (reformiertes Gesangbuch), under Nr. 533. Also, the song has been translated into French ("Matin brisé", performed by Eva on her 1972 album L'orage), Dutch (Licht Op De Lakes performed by Rowwen Hèze[http://www.popstukken.nl/interview/rowwen-hèze-zoet-verdriet ROWWEN HÈZE - ZOET VERDRIET]. Popstukken, March 2003) and other languages.[https://secondhandsongs.com/work/147134/all?sort=language#tree Secondhand songs page] lists about 10 adaptations.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Morning Has Broken}}
{{Cat Stevens}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Anni-Frid Lyngstad songs
Category:English Christian hymns
Category:English children's songs
Category:Island Records singles
Category:Song recordings produced by Paul Samwell-Smith