Moscow Aircraft Production Association
MAPO - the Moscow Aircraft Production Association ({{langx|ru|Московское авиационное производственное объединение|Moskovskoye aviatsionnoye proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye}}) was a major Russian state-owned military aircraft manufacturer.
History
MAPO has its origins in Plant #30 of the Dux Factory company.{{cite news|title=10 малоизвестных фактов о заводе, где делают боевые самолеты МиГ|url=https://rg.ru/2013/09/26/mig-site.html|accessdate=10 June 2017|work=Российская газета|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730021042/https://rg.ru/2013/09/26/mig-site.html|archivedate=30 July 2017}} Plant #30 was established in 1939 in Dubna.{{cite web|title=Завод № 30 — Испытатели|url=http://testpilot.ru/az_map/avia/zavod-30/|website=Testpilot.ru|date=19 July 2014 |accessdate=29 July 2017|language=ru-RU|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730014150/http://testpilot.ru/az_map/avia/zavod-30/|archivedate=30 July 2017}} In December 1941, it was relocated to the former site of Plant #1, where it manufactured the Ilyushin Il-2. In 1950, it merged with Plant #381, to produce the Il-28 in larger volumes. In 1953, Lukhovitsy Machine Building Plant was established as a subsidiary of the plant.{{cite news|title=Самолет из огорода|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/399484|accessdate=29 July 2017|work=Журнал "Коммерсантъ Деньги"|date=28 July 2003|pages=36|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730015111/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/399484|archivedate=30 July 2017}}
Plant #30 became known as the Znamya Truda Machine-Building Plant in 1965,{{cite web|title=4. Предприятия и заводы оборонной промышленности|url=http://www.militaryparitet.com/nomen/russia/pri/data/ic_nomenrussiapri/11/)|website=Военный паритет|accessdate=29 July 2017|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729231521/http://www.militaryparitet.com/nomen/russia/pri/data/ic_nomenrussiapri/11/)|archivedate=29 July 2017}} and as the Moscow Aircraft Production Organisation in 1973.
In the early 1990s, it employed 30,000 workers.{{cite book|last1=Forsberg|first1=Randall|title=The Arms Production Dilemma: Contraction and Restraint in the World Combat Aircraft Industry|date=1994|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=9780262560856|url=https://archive.org/details/armsproductiondi0000fors|url-access=registration|accessdate=29 July 2017|page=[https://archive.org/details/armsproductiondi0000fors/page/77 77]}} In 1995, MAPO was merged with the Mikoyan Design Bureau, forming MAPO-MiG.{{cite book|last1=Greenwood|first1=John|last2=Hardesty|first2=Von|last3=Higham|first3=Robin|title=Russian Aviation and Air Power in the Twentieth Century|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135251864|page=155|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oT7JAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216030440/https://books.google.com/books?id=oT7JAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155|archivedate=2017-12-16}} In January 1996, a decree of President Boris Yeltsin established MAPO VPK, which combined 12 different aviation companies, including MAPO-MiG, Kamov, Klimov, the Chernyshev Machine Building Enterprise and Aviabank.
Unlike Sukhoi, which managed to secure export contracts with China and India, MAPO continued to be unprofitable throughout the 1990s.{{cite news|title=DEFENSE DOSSIER: Potemkin Jets Nothing New|url=http://old.themoscowtimes.com/sitemap/free/1999/2/article/defense-dossier-potemkin-jets-nothing-new/280684.html|accessdate=29 July 2017|work=The Moscow Times|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730063414/http://old.themoscowtimes.com/sitemap/free/1999/2/article/defense-dossier-potemkin-jets-nothing-new/280684.html|archivedate=30 July 2017}} In December 1999, MAPO was renamed Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG.{{cite web|title=MiG Design and Production System: Post-Soviet Transformations|url=http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/2-2001/di/mdpspst/|website=mdb.cast.ru|publisher=Moscow Defense Brief|accessdate=29 July 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730015000/http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/2-2001/di/mdpspst/|archivedate=30 July 2017}}
In 2006, MAPO merged with Sukhoi and several other Russian aviation companies to form United Aircraft Corporation.{{cite book|last1=Dowling|first1=Timothy C.|title=Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]|date=2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598849486|page=519|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA519|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730023349/https://books.google.it/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA519|archivedate=2017-07-30}} The majority of MAPO's former assets are now part of Mikoyan.
The Lukhovitsy and Znamya Truda plants are currently known as 'MiG Manufacturing Complex №1' (ПК №1 PCK «МиГ») and 'MiG Manufacturing Complex №2' (ПК №2 PCK «МиГ»), respectively.{{cite web|title=Производственный комплекс № 1 – филиал АО "РСК "МиГ"|url=http://www.migavia.ru/index.php/ru/o-korporatsii/struktura/proizvodstvennyj-kompleks-1-filial-ao-rsk-mig|website=Migavia.ru|accessdate=29 July 2017|language=ru-ru|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621090016/http://www.migavia.ru/index.php/ru/o-korporatsii/struktura/proizvodstvennyj-kompleks-1-filial-ao-rsk-mig|archivedate=21 June 2017}}{{cite web|title=История|url=http://www.migavia.ru/index.php/ru/istoriya-rsk-mig|website=Migavia.ru|accessdate=10 June 2017|language=ru-ru|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619224521/http://www.migavia.ru/index.php/ru/istoriya-rsk-mig|archivedate=19 June 2017}}
Names
Over the years, it has also been known as OSOAVIAKHIM Plant #1, GAZ No. 1, Menjinski Plant #39, Orjonikidze Plant #381, Plant #30, MMZ (Moscow Machine-Building Plant) "Znamya Truda" (Banner of Labor), P.A. Voronin Production Center, and "Moscow Aircraft Production Organization (MAPO) named after Dementyev" ({{ill|Pyotr Dementyev (politician)|lt=Pyotr Dementyev|ru|Дементьев, Пётр Васильевич}}, Minister of Aircraft Industry from 1953 to 1977).