Mound Cemetery (Marietta, Ohio)

{{main|Marietta Earthworks}}

File:Marietta Works Squier and Davis Plate XXVI.jpg

The conical Great Mound at Mound Cemetery is part of an Ohio Hopewell culture mound complex known as the Marietta Earthworks. Archaeologists estimate that it was built between 100 BC and 500 AD. Early European American settlers gave the structures Latin names. The complex includes the Sacra Via (meaning "sacred way"), three walled enclosures, the Quadranaou, Capitolium (meaning "capital") and at least two other additional platform mounds, and the Conus burial mound and its accompanying ditch and embankment. The complex was surveyed and drawn in 1838 by Samuel R. Curtis (at the time a civil engineer for the state of Ohio). This survey was incorrectly attributed to Charles Whittlesey by E. G. Squier and E.H. Davis in their Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1848.{{cite book| author = Romain, William F. |title= Mysteries of the Hopewell |date= 2000 |publisher= The University of Akron Press | pages= 129–142 | isbn= 978-1884836619 }} At the time the complex "included a large square enclosure surrounding four flat-topped pyramidal mounds, another smaller square, and a circular enclosure with a large burial mound at its center."{{cite encyclopedia| url= http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2219 | title= Marietta Earthworks | encyclopedia= Ohio History Central | publisher = Ohio Historical Society | access-date= 2012-12-02 }}

The Conus mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1973 as the Mound Cemetery Mound, site listing number 73001549. In 1990 archaeologists from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History excavated a section of the Capitolium mound and determined that the mound was definitely constructed by peoples of the Hopewell Culture.{{cite web | title= Marietta Earthworks | publisher= Ohio City Productions, Inc | url= http://www.touring-ohio.com/history/marietta-earthworks.html | access-date= 2012-12-03 | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121124045126/http://www.touring-ohio.com/history/marietta-earthworks.html | archive-date= 2012-11-24 }}

The city of Marietta was developed in 1788 by migrant pioneers from Massachusetts, soon after the American Revolutionary War and organization of the Northwest Territory. The cemetery has the highest number of burials of American Revolutionary War officers in the country.DAR, American Monthly, Vol. 16 (Jan–Jun 1900), 329. The original pioneers, city founders from the Ohio Company of Associates, preserved the Great Mound from destruction by establishing the city cemetery around it.

Many of the founders were officers of the Revolutionary War who had received federal land grants for military services. Among high-ranking officers buried at the cemetery are generals Rufus Putnam and Benjamin Tupper, who were founders of the Ohio Company of Associates; as well as Commodore Abraham Whipple and Colonel William Stacy.

{{blockquote|It was stated at the Conference that "more officers of the Revolution are buried in the Old Mound Cemetery, Marietta, than at any other place in the United States."|DAR, American Monthly, Vol. 16 (Jan–Jun 1900), 329.}}

In 1825, General Lafayette of France, who fought with the Americans during the Revolution, visited Marietta. He said of the city's veterans: "I knew them well. I saw them fighting the battles of their country ... They were the bravest of the brave. Better men never lived."Cutler, Life and Times of Ephraim Cutler, 202–03.

The Washington County Historical Society compiled the a list of Revolutionary soldiers buried in Mound Cemetery, notable persons in that list shown below:Washington County Historical Society plaque at Mound Cemetery, dated 1968.

• Col. Robert Taylor, first burial in the cemetery
• Gen. Rufus Putnam
• Griffin Greene, Sr., Quartermaster
• Commodore Abraham Whipple
• Col. Ebenezer Sproat
• Col. William Stacy, Sr.
• Gen. Benjamin Tupper
• Maj. Anselm Tupper
• Capt. Nathaniel Saltonstall
• Samuel Hildreth, Sr. (father of Samuel Prescott Hildreth, also buried here)

The books of Samuel Prescott Hildreth (1783–1863), buried here, provide insight into the early history of Marietta and the Northwest Territory, and the lives of the soldiers and early pioneer settlers.Hildreth, Pioneer History.Hildreth, Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio.

Major General James Mitchell Varnum (1748–1789) was originally buried in the Mound Cemetery. His remains were later moved to Oak Grove Cemetery in Marietta.

File:MoundCemetery1846.jpg|Drawing of Mound Cemetery, 1846

File:MariettaMoundsOldDrawing.jpg|Drawing of Marietta Earthworks

File:RufusPutnamMarker.jpg|Rufus Putnam marker

File:BenjaminTupperMarker.jpg|Benjamin Tupper and Anselm Tupper marker

File:AbrahamWhipple marker 2.jpg|Abraham Whipple marker

File:NathanielSaltonstallMarker2.jpg|Nath. Saltonstall marker

File:SamuelHildreth marker.jpg|Samuel Hildreth marker

File:Mound Cemetery. Marietta, Ohio.jpg

• List of burial mounds in the United States
• List of cemeteries in Ohio
• :Category:Burials at Mound Cemetery (Marietta, Ohio)

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sketchmoundceme01cottgoog/|title=Sketch of Mound Cemetery, Marietta, Ohio|last=Cotton|first=Willia Dawson|publisher=Marietta Register Print|year=1900|location=Marietta, Ohio|quote=There is no spot west of the Alleghenies of more historic interest than the old Mound Cemetery of Marietta, for in it are buried many of the pioneers of the Great Northwest.|via=Internet Archive}}
• Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR): American Monthly, Vol. 16, Jan–Jun 1900, R. R. Bowker Co., New York (1900) p. 329.
• Hawley, Owen: Mound Cemetery, Marietta, Ohio, Washington County Historical Society, Marietta, Ohio (1996).
• Hildreth, S. P.: Biographical and Historical Memoirs of the Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio, H. W. Derby and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio (1852).
• Hildreth, S. P.: Pioneer History: Being an Account of the First Examinations of the Ohio Valley, and the Early Settlement of the Northwest Territory, H. W. Derby and Co., Cincinnati, Ohio (1848).
• Johnson, Clifton: What to See in America, Macmillan Co., New York (1919) p. 224.
• Snow, Dean R. Archaeology of Native North America, Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2010.
• Summers, Thomas J.: History of Marietta, The Leader Publishing Co., Marietta, Ohio (1903) pp. 301–09.

{{commons category|Mound Cemetery Mounds (Marietta, Ohio)}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080908011316/http://www.mariettaohio.org/lib/images/PDF/Mounds_of_Marietta.pdf Mounds of Marietta, by Wesley Clarke]
• [http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~sandford/ Marietta Earthworks, by Chris Sandford]
• {{GNIS|1807131|Mound Cemetery}}
• {{Find a Grave cemetery}}

{{Hopewellian peoples}}

{{NRHP in Washington County, Ohio}}

{{National Register of Historic Places in Ohio}}

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Category:Ohio Hopewell

Category:Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio

Category:Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio

Category:Buildings and structures in Marietta, Ohio

Category:Cemeteries in Washington County, Ohio

Category:American Revolutionary War

Category:Ohio in the American Revolution

Category:Pre-statehood history of Ohio

Category:American pioneers

Category:Protected areas of Washington County, Ohio

Category:National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Ohio

Category:Mounds in Ohio

Category:1801 establishments in the Northwest Territory

Category:Native American cemeteries