Mount Jackson (Antarctica)

Mount Jackson and the Welch Mountains demarcate the central Black Coast, which is dissected by many inlets and is bounded on the west by Dyer Plateau of central Palmer Land. The two mountains rise above the ice shelf with reliefs of about {{convert|1200|-|1500|m}} towards the east. They are interconnected by icefall zones forming a plateau with steep snow slopes. Mount Jackson rises from its southeast flanks, displaying a steeple summit, whilst the north flank is occupied by a vast cirque. Supraglacial moraines on the mountain's east side measure between {{convert|1|-|5|km}} in length and display boulders at their distal ends.

File:Antarctic Peninsula satellite image.jpg]]

The first topographic mapping of Mount Jackson was carried out in November 1940 by a sledge party of the United States Antarctic Service (USAS). The ground survey was facilitated by aerial photographs and aerial observations.

The height was estimated at {{convert|4200|m}}, and the mountain was named Mount Ernest Gruening after the Governor of the Alaska Territory at that time, Ernest Gruening.{{sfn|SCAR Gazetteer Ref. No 7021}}

USAS later renamed it Mount Jackson for the seventh President of the United States.{{sfn|SCAR Gazetteer Ref. No 7021}}

President Jackson signed the bill into law authorizing the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–42. The expedition, led by Lt. Charles Wilkes, included exploration and surveying of the Pacific Ocean and surrounding lands, including Antarctica.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=366}}

In November 1947, a Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey ground party based at Stonington Island observed Mount Jackson and estimated its height at {{convert|3050|m}}, considerably lower and more accurate than the first estimate in 1940.{{sfn|SCAR Gazetteer Ref. No 7021}}

After the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey was renamed the British Antarctic Survey in 1962, a series of depots were developed, including one at Mount Jackson.{{sfn|British Antarctic Survey|1969}} BAS members were successful in making many first ascents of the mountains of the Antarctic Peninsula, and John Cunningham, who served at the BAS base at Adelaide Island, was the first to climb Mount Jackson. Traveling by dog sled for {{convert|400|mi|disp=flip}},{{sfn|Encyclopaedia of mountaineering 1975|p=74}} his team reached the summit on 23 November 1964.{{sfn|SCAR Gazetteer Ref. No 7021}}{{sfn|Hattersley-Smith |1988|p=190}}{{sfn|Exploring the Frozen World}}

A precise height of the summit was determined by a BAS survey party who ascended the peak during the austral summer of 1996–97.{{sfn|Headland|2009|p=577}}

File:S of Mt Jackson mixed mafic-felsic breccia face.jpg/felsic breccia face]]

The mountain is {{convert|3184|m}} in height,{{sfn|Headland|2009|p=577}} with a prominence of {{convert|1384|m}} and a saddle DEM of {{convert|1901|m}}.{{sfn|New satellite imagery BAS}} Mount Jackson and the Welch Mountains demarcate the central Black Coast, which is dissected by many inlets and is bounded on the west by Dyer Plateau of central Palmer Land, with elevation ranging between {{convert|2000|-|3000|m}},{{sfn|Riffenburgh|2007|pp=66ff}} and on the west side of the central Black Coast.{{cite book|title=Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4bzAAAAMAAJ|access-date=4 January 2013|year=1980|publisher=British Antarctic Survey|pages=23, 30}} The two mountains rise above the ice shelf with reliefs of about {{convert|1200|-|1500|m}} towards the east. They are interconnected by icefall zones forming a plateau with steep snow slopes.{{sfn|Singleton |1976|pp=21–22, 30}}

The northern part of the mountain system, which extends over {{convert|990|mi|disp=flip}}, covers most of the Antarctic Peninsula, and Mount Jackson is its highest peak.{{sfn|Headland|2009|p=577}}{{sfn|Commonwealth Yearbook 2004|p=341}}{{sfn|Rubin|2008|pp= 35–36}}

Mount Jackson rises from its southeast flanks, displaying a steeple summit,{{sfn|Sailing Directions|p= 97}} whilst the north flank is occupied by a vast cirque. Supraglacial moraines on the mountain's east side measure between {{convert|1|-|5|km}} in length and display boulders at their distal ends. Mount Jackson and the Rowley Massif are separated by Odom Inlet.{{sfn|Herzfeld|2004|p=204ff}} Cline Glacier drains eastern Mount Jackson before arriving at Odom Inlet.{{cite web|url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/antname.php?uni=2886&fid=antgeo_105|title=Cline Glacier: Antarctica |publisher=National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|access-date=5 January 2013|location=Bethesda, MD, USA}}

Mount Jackson's geology was studied in 1972 as part of the Palmer Island investigations by a team of geologists. They identified various rock types and underlying volcanic activity.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/geography/Afghanistan-to-Comoros/Antarctica.html|title=Antarctica|access-date=15 January 2013|publisher= Encyclopedia of the Nations}} The relief of the west facing slopes is gentler when compared to the eastern side, characterized by a steep rocky face. Rock weathering is intense in the area spread with scree and felsenmeer. Fresh rock formations and bedrock disintegration are noted.{{sfn|Singleton |1976|pp=21–22, 30}}

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File:Palmer Land North USGS Sketch.jpg

Nnearby features include, from north to south, Mount Van Buren, Swarson Nunatak, Davis Ridge and Musson Nunatak.{{sfn|Palmer Land USGS}}

{{coord|71|18|S|63|30|W}}.

The prominent mountain {{convert|3|nmi}} north-northwest of Mount Jackson, at the east side of the Dyer Plateau.

Mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in 1974.

The name was applied by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in association with Mount Jackson.

Martin Van Buren (1782-1862) was the eighth President of the United States, 1837-41.

He was Vice President, 1833-37, during the second term of President Andrew Jackson.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=775}}

{{coord|71|25|S|63|39|W}}.

A conspicuous nunatak, largely snow covered, located {{convert|5|nmi}} southwest of Mount Jackson.

Mapped by the USGS in 1974.

Named by the US-ACAN for Lieutenant Commander Ronald J. Swarsen, United States Navy Reserve, Medical Officer at Byrd Station, 1971, and at the South Pole Station, 1973.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=728}}

{{coord|71|24|S|63|00|W}}.

A ridge of irregular shape, apparently an outlier of the Mount Jackson massif.

It rises above the ice surface {{convert|6|nmi}} east-southeast of the summit of Mount Jackson.

Mapped by the USGS in 1974.

Named by the US-ACAN for Brent L. Davis, USARP biologist at Palmer Station, 1971, and in the Antarctic Peninsula area, 1974-75 season.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=176}}

{{coord|71|31|S|63|27|W}}.

A pyramidal nunatak standing {{convert|10|nmi}} south of Mount Jackson, at the east margin of the Dyer Plateau.

Mapped by the USGS in 1974.

Named by the US-ACAN for John M. Musson, PH2, United States Navy, photographer and member of the cartographic aerial mapping crew in LC-130 aircraft of Squadron VXE-6, 1968-69.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=514}}

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{{refend}}

{{Include-USGov |agency=United States Geological Survey}}

{{Commons category-inline|Mount Jackson}}

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Category:Argentine Antarctica

Category:British Antarctic Territory

Category:Mountains of Palmer Land